Chapter 4: The Cultural Dimension of Politics - Lecture Slides

CHAPTER 4: THE CULTURAL DIMENSION OF POLITICS  MAJOR POINTS OF THE LECTURE MASS BEHAVIOR CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AND EXPLAINED BY EXAMINING THE UNDERLYING VALUES AND NORMS OF A SOCIETY. POLITICAL CULTURE IS NOT CONSTANT BUT CHANGES DUE TO EXOGENOUS FACTORS. SINCE POLITICAL CULTURE HAS...

CHAPTER 4: THE CULTURAL DIMENSION OF POLITICS  MAJOR POINTS OF THE LECTURE MASS BEHAVIOR CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AND EXPLAINED BY EXAMINING THE UNDERLYING VALUES AND NORMS OF A SOCIETY. POLITICAL CULTURE IS NOT CONSTANT BUT CHANGES DUE TO EXOGENOUS FACTORS. SINCE POLITICAL CULTURE HAS THE ABILITY TO CHANGE, SO DOES IDENTITY.  POLITICAL CULTURE PEOPLE ARE DRIVEN BY BELIEF SYSTEMS. THE WAY A PERSON BELIEVES THE WORLD OUGHT TO BE; IMPORTANT TO THE UNDERSTANDING POLITICS POLITICAL CULTURE IS THE NORMS OF A SOCIETY. WHAT A SOCIETY VIEWS AS ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR MODE OF PROTEST AS NORM EXAMPLE. DISRUPTIVE PROTEST DISCOURAGED IN SOME SOCIETIES. IN OTHERS, THEY ARE EFFECTIVE. POLITICAL VALUES IMPACT ACTION. MILITARY SPENDING ENCOURAGED BY MILITARY SUPPORTERS. 3 DEBATE OVER DEATH PENALTY.  POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION – THE TRANSFER OF POLITICALLY RELEVANT POLITICAL CULTURE FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER NOT JUST FROM AGENTS; ECONOMIC CONDITIONS MATTER TOO LEARNING; ACQUISITION SOCIALIZATION IS THE PROCESS OF TEACHING NORMS AND VALUES BY SPECIFIC AGENTS. PRIMARY AGENTS – THOSE WHO HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE SECONDARY AGENTS – THOSE WHO ARE LESS  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (1 of 7) AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION PRIMARY AGENTS ARE CLOSEST TO A PERSON. AGENTS CAN INFLUENCE IN DIRECT OR INDIRECT METHODS. PRIMARY AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: FAMILY AND TEACHERS. EDUCATORS TEACH POLITICAL SYSTEM. MAY EMPHASIZE OBEYING AUTHORITIES. 5 PARENTS PROVIDE DIRECT LESSONS.  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (2 of 7) AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION SECONDARY AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION. FRIENDS, RELIGIOUS MEMBERS, MEDIA. MORE ACCESS TO NEWS THAN EVER FRIENDS PLAY A ROLE LATER IN LIFE. MEDIA CAN INFLUENCE VALUES. MISINFORMATION CAN HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACTS. IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA. 6 VIRAL SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCES VALUES.  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (3 of 7) AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION SECONDARY AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION. CONCERN OVER FOREIGN INFLUENCE. 2016 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. RESEARCH SHOWS IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA. SECONDARY AGENTS OFTEN OVERLAP IN 7 VALUES WITH PRIMARY AGENTS.  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (4 of 7) THE CASE OF APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AGENTS CAN CONTRADICT. NORMS AT HOME DIFFER FROM SCHOOL, FRIENDS. CAN BE CONFUSING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA DURING 8 APARTHEID.  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (5 of 7) THE CASE OF APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA INSTITUTIONALIZED RACIAL SEGREGATION. BLACK PEOPLE SEPARATED, WHITES HELD MOST POLITICAL POWER. BLACK PEOPLE COMPRISED MAJORITY OF POPULATION. APARTHEID VALUES CLASHED WITH 9 DEMOCRATIC VALUES.  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (6 of 7) THE CASE OF APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA EUROPEANS LAID FOUNDATION FOR APARTHEID. KEPT RESOURCES IN CONTROL OF WHITE INTERESTS. BLACK AFRICANS FORCED TO LIVE WITH DECISIONS MADE BY WHITE GOVERNMENT. 10  SOCIALIZATION: HOW PEOPLE LEARN THEIR VALUES AND NORMS (7 of 7) THE CASE OF APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA PEOPLE BEGAN TO SEE INJUSTICE OF THE SYSTEM. ARMED INSURRECTION AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. NELSON MANDELA HELPED TRANSITION TO NEW GOVERNMENT. 11  CHANGING CULTURE GENERATIONAL CHANGE SOCIALIZATION WHAT WOULD NEED TO CHANGE THEN?  GENERATIONAL POLITICAL CULTURE CHANGE: THE CASE OF POSTMATERIALISM (1 of 3) LOGIC OF POSTMATERIALIST THEORY SHIFT AWAY FROM MATERIALISTIC VALUES ECONOMIC PROSPERITY  ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTS PRODUCE DIFFERENT VALUES. WHAT PEOPLE VALUE MOST  MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS MATERIALISTS – ECONOMIC AND PHYSICAL SECURITY POSTMATERIALISTS – NON-ECONOMIC SOCIETAL 13 ISSUE POSTMATERIALISM (EXPLAINED)  GENERATIONAL POLITICAL CULTURE CHANGE: THE CASE OF POSTMATERIALISM (2 of 3) LOGIC OF POSTMATERIALIST THEORY LOWER PROSPERITY LEADS TO FOCUS ON BASIC NEEDS. PROSPEROUS INDIVIDUALS MAY TAKE SECURITY FOR GRANTED. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS CAN INFLUENCE VALUES. ECONOMIC CHANGES CAN SHAPE SOCIETY. MATERIALIST FOCUS ON ECONOMIC STABILITY. POSTMATERIALIST FOCUS MORE ON SOCIAL ISSUES.15 MATERIALISTS LESS WILLING TO COMPROMISE.  GENERATIONAL POLITICAL CULTURE CHANGE: THE CASE OF POSTMATERIALISM (3 of 3) THE EVIDENCE OF POSTMATERIALIST THEORY WORLD VALUES SURVEY (WVS). ALLOWS FOR TRACKING CULTURAL CHANGES. CAN HELP EXPLAIN CHOICES. INSIGHT ON CURRENT US TRENDS. INGLEHART: PEOPLE FROM THE MORE ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED PARTS OF THE WORLD ARE SHIFTING FROM MATERIALIST TO POSTMATERIALIST VALUES GENERATIONAL SHIFT BASED ON ECONOMIC 16 PROSPERITY OR ECONOMIC DECLINE; VALUES IN TRANSITION  POSTMATERIALIST REGRESSION? READ THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE: AUTHORITARIANISM AS THE OPPOSITE POLE OF POSTMATERIALISM ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WITH YOUR GROUP: WHAT ARE YOUR OVERALL THOUGHTS OF INGELHARTS THEORY OF AUTHORITARIANISM IN A POSTMATERIALIST WORLD? DOES HIS RATIONALE CHECK OUT WHEN OBSERVING THE CURRENT POLITICAL CLIMATE AND RISING INEQUALITY? DO YOU THINK THIS SHIFT IS TAKING PLACE IN THE US? GLOBALLY? ULTIMATELY, WHAT DO YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN IN THE COMING YEARS, WHEN IT COMES TO RISING AUTHORITARIANISM IN A POSTMATERIALIST WORLD?  POLITICAL ATTITUDES (1 of 6) ESTABLISHED WAY OF THINKING EXPRESSED IN POLITICAL BEHAVIOR. AUTHORITY THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN INDIVIDUALS’ LIVES POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND LEADERS. HIERARCHIES INFLUENCE RESPECT FOR AUTHORITY. 18  POLITICAL ATTITUDES (2 of 6) AUTHORITY IMPORTANCE OF CONVENTIONAL VALUES. SOME COMPLETELY DISREGARD AUTHORITY. SOME OBEY WITHOUT QUESTION. INSTITUTIONAL RACISM IN THE UNITED STATES. ATTITUDES CAN AFFECT RESOURCES. MORE EFFORT NEEDED TO MAINTAIN POWER. VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE CAN LEAD TO LESS 19 REGULATION.  POLITICAL ATTITUDES (3 of 6) SOCIETY TRUST IN SOCIETY GARNERS CONFIDENCE. SOCIAL TRUST – INTER-GROUP DYNAMICS CONSENSUAL SOCIETIES HAVE HIGH LEVELS OF TRUST. COOPERATION IS EASIER. 20 DISPUTES ARE SETTLED FASTER.  POLITICAL ATTITUDES (4 of 6) SOCIETY CONTENTIOUS SOCIETIES HAVE LOW TRUST BETWEEN PEOPLE. WITHOUT INTER-GROUP SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, CONFLICT CAN DEVELOP THIS CAN LEAD TO VIOLENT CONFLICTS. HETEROGENOUS SOCIETY MADE UP OF MANY DIFFERENT GROUPS. HOMOGENOUS SOCIETIES HAVE SIMILAR PEOPLE. DIFFERING IDENTITIES CAN LEAD TO CONTENTION. DISAGREEMENTS CONTINUE EVEN WHEN A MAJORITY21 GROUP EXISTS.  POLITICAL ATTITUDES (5 of 6) INDIVIDUALISM FAVORS AUTONOMY FOR THE PEOPLE. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY VALUES IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS. COLLECTIVISTS SEEK COOPERATION AND GROUP EFFORT. 22  POLITICAL ATTITUDES (6 of 6) HOW DICTATORSHIPS DEPEND ON CERTAIN ATTITUDES TO SURVIVE DICTATORS SUPPRESS INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS. COMPLETE STATE OWNERSHIP, OR ANTAGONISM TOWARD FOREIGNERS. 23  ARTICLE 9 “ASPIRING SINCERELY TO AN INTERNATIONAL PEACE BASED ON JUSTICE AND ORDER, THE JAPANESE PEOPLE FOREVER RENOUNCE WAR AS A SOVEREIGN RIGHT OF THE NATION AND THE THREAT OR USE OF FORCE AS MEANS OF SETTLING INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES. IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THE AIM OF THE PRECEDING PARAGRAPH, LAND, SEA, AND AIR FORCES, AS WELL AS OTHER WAR POTENTIAL, WILL NEVER BE MAINTAINED. THE RIGHT OF BELLIGERENCY OF THE STATE WILL NOT BE RECOGNIZED.”  THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS WAR IN JAPAN? ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION WITH YOUR GROUP: WOULD ARTICLE 9 INFLUENCE JAPANESE ATTITUDES TOWARDS WAR? WHY OR WHY NOT? (HINT: POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION)  MAKING CHOICES Culture Values Attitudes Choices