BIOL 2301 Ch 15 Lecture Outlines PDF

Chapter 15: Peripheral Nervous System - Cranial and Spinal Nerves Cranial Nerves 12 pairs All cranial nerves originate from the brain within the cranium. Cranial nerves innervate different structures in the head region. The Xth cranial nerve extends beyond the head region and innervates viscera...

Chapter 15: Peripheral Nervous System - Cranial and Spinal Nerves Cranial Nerves 12 pairs All cranial nerves originate from the brain within the cranium. Cranial nerves innervate different structures in the head region. The Xth cranial nerve extends beyond the head region and innervates visceral organs 1 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  2 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  3 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Spinal Nerves 31 pairs each formed by two roots - dorsal (sensory) - ventral (motor) - two roots join to form spinal nerves - only 1-2 cm long - immediately divides into: - a dorsal ramus - a ventral ramus a tiny meningeal branch reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels within Ramus communicans: - connects spinal nerve with sympathetic chain 4 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat C1 - C8: cervical nerves - cervical plexus - C3 to C5 supply diaphragm (phrenic) T1 - T12: thoracic nerves - brachial plexus formed by C5 - T1 in the axilla - ulnar, radial, musculocutaneous and axillary nerves L1 - L5: lumbar nerves - lumbar plexus L1 - L4 - roots and lies within psoas major muscle - femoral, obturator nerves S1 - S5: sacral nerves - sacral plexus formed by L4 - S4 - superior and inferior gluteal, sciatic, tibial nerves. C0: coccygeal nerve 5 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  6 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  7 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  8 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  9 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Nerve Structure Axons traveling from one area of the body to another are grouped together to form a nerve. Connective tissue is used to both protect the axons and to organize them into bundles called fascicles. Axons are protected by endoneurium. Bundles of axons form fascicles, which are enclosed in perineurium. Epineurium forms the outermost covering of the nerve (Figure 15.6). 10 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat  11 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat