BIOL 2301 Spinal Cord Lecture Outlines PDF
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Uploaded by SumptuousAmethyst5577
University of Houston
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Summary
These are lecture outlines for a biology class covering topics related to the nervous system, specifically the spinal cord. The notes include important anatomical details about the structure and function of the spinal cord, and related concepts like different types of white and gray matter. Topics covered in the lecture materials detail spinal cord structure, anatomy, and pathways. It includes many diagrams and clear explanations for the students to learn.
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Chapter 14: Nervous System - Spinal Cord Extends from foramen magnum to L1, just inferior to ribs 16 - 18 inches long 3/4 of an inch thick Glistening white Covered with single layered dura mater - spinal dural sheath - epidural space - subarachnoid space...
Chapter 14: Nervous System - Spinal Cord Extends from foramen magnum to L1, just inferior to ribs 16 - 18 inches long 3/4 of an inch thick Glistening white Covered with single layered dura mater - spinal dural sheath - epidural space - subarachnoid space 1 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat 2 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat 3 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat 4 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat 5 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Meningeal sac Conus medullaris Filum terminale Denticulate ligaments Cervical and lumbar enlargements (swellings) Cauda equina 6 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Cross sectional anatomy of spinal cord Anterior median fissure Posterior median sulcus Gray matter: neuron cell bodies and their unmyelinated processes, all multipolar neurons Gray commissure encloses central canal Posterior (dorsal) horns Anterior (ventral) horns Lateral horns in the thoracic and superior lumbar segments of the spinal cord Dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves are very short, and fuse to form spinal nerves 7 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat 8 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Divisions of the Gray Matter Somatic sensory Visceral sensory Visceral motor Somatic motor 10 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Divisions of White Matter Consists of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers – tracts or pathways Three types; Ascending or Sensory Tracts Descending or Motor Tracts Transverse (commissural fibers) White matter on each side divided into three white columns or funiculi; posterior, lateral and anterior funiculi 11 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Spinal Tracts Multineuron pathways Most pathways cross over from one side to the other (decussate) at some point Most consist of chain of two (motor) or three (sensory) neurons Most exhibit somatotopy All pathways are paired 12 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Ascending (sensory) tracts or pathways: conduct sensory impulses towards brain consist of first-, second- and third-order neurons six main pathways: fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus fine touch and pressure receptors joint proprioceptors which can be localized precisely on body lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts and pathways pain, temperature, deep pressure, and coarse touch impulses crude sensations anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts carry impulses from proprioceptors (muscle or tendon stretch) to cerebellum (to coordinate muscle activity) 13 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Descending (motor) tracts or pathways: Carry impulses from brain to effectors Divided into two types: pyramidal and extrapyramidal Involve two neurons: upper motor neurons: pyramidal cells of motor cortex lower motor neurons: located in the anterior (ventral) horn of spinal cord 14 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat pyramidal or direct pathways: lateral corticospinal tracts: pyramidal tracts proper decussate in medulla at the pyramids fibers somatotopicaly arranged anterior corticospinal tracts: decussate in the spinal cord just before synapsing extrapyramidal or indirect pathways: include: rubrospinal vestibulospinal reticulospinal tectospinal 15 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat Spinal cord trauma: flaccid paralysis spastic paralysis hemiplagia Paraplegia quadriplegia cerebral palsy spina bifida spina bifida cystica (filled with CSF) 16 Brief outlines only. For details, please refer to the BIOL 2301 Lecture Text on Top Hat
