Stone Age (History) PDF

C STONE AGE SS R A RM PA  History Ancient Medieval Modern C Ancient History...

C STONE AGE SS R A RM PA  History Ancient Medieval Modern C Ancient History SS #Archeology Archaeology History No written text Written text Excavation Stone Age R Copper Age Bronze Age A use of stones to make use of copper use of Bronze tools and other things Harappa Age Proto-historic RM Pre-historic Written evidence but cannot be No written understood evidence PA Categorised on the basis of Stone Age stones used Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic (5 Lakh BC-10,000 BC) (9,000 BC-4,000 BC) (7,000 BC-1000 BC)  AD (Anno Domini) or BC (Before Christ) CE (Common Era) C 200 BC Jesus Christ SS Crust Earth: 4000 Million years old 4th stage Quaternary stage Mantle Pleistocene Holocene Ice Age R After Ice Age Core A Palaeolithic (Palaeo: old; lithic: stone) RM Lower/Early Palaeolithic Middle Palaeolithic Upper Palaeolithic 5 Lakh BC-50,000 BC 50,000-40,000 BC 40,000-10,000 BC PA Ice Age Based upon ‘flake’ technology Coincided with last phase Main occupation: Hunting & food of Pleistocene Lower Palaeolithic sites: gathering Appearance of Homo Soan/Sohan: Punjab sapiens (modern man) Belan Valley: Uttar Pradesh Cave/Rock shelters Famous site: Bhimbetka Didwana: Rajasthan (Madhya Pradesh) Nevasa: Maharashtra Caves/rock shelters Hunasagi/Hungsi: Karnataka Flint stone Pahalgam: Kashmir Patne: Maharashtra Ostrich evidence found for the first time  Other Upper Palaeolithic sites: Inamgaon Maharashtra Nevada Didwana: Rajasthan Mesolithic (Meso: middle; Lithic: stone) C SS Basics Geographical Distribution Microliths Meaning: Late Stone Age/ Langhnaj: Gujarat Micro: small; Lith: Mesolithic/Microlithic period (District: Mehsana) Hunters and stones or 8000 9,000 BC-4000 BC Bhimbetka: Madhya Herders Transitional phase between Palaeolithic and Neolithic Warmer climate; increased flora R Pradesh (near Bhopal) Chopani Mando: Uttar Pradesh (near Allahabad A and fauna in Belan Valley) Provides earliest Bagor: Rajasthan evidence of RM Sanganakallu: Karnataka domestication of Tuticorin: Southern Tamil animals Nadu Adamgarh: Madhya Pradesh PA Neolithic (Neo: new; Lithic: stone) Food producers Practiced agriculture · 7000 BC-10,000 000 BCBC Pottery To store excess food grains (black and red pottery) Art Bhimbetka (rock paintings of humans, birds, animals) Neolithic people owned property Sites: Mehrgarh: Baluchistan (evidence of houses, crops like: wheat, barley, cotton) Kashmir Valley: Burzahom and Gufkral Burzahom: 16 km West of Srinagar Domestic dogs were buried with their masters (skeleton evidence) Tools and weapons made of People lived on a lake side in pits C Bones except Chirand Gufkral: It is also known as ‘cave of potters’ (41 km Southwest of Srinagar) SS Agriculture and domestication of animals Bihar: Chirand (Bone tools) Karnataka: Sanganakallu, Brahmagiri, Maski, Piklihal, Hallur Millet cultivation Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad Cultivation of rice Andhra Pradesh: Around Bhima, Krishna and Tungabadra rivers Budihal Utnur: earliest site R A Nagarjunakonda Tamil Nadu: Paiyampalli and Kaveri Belan Valley: Koldihwa and Mahagara (domestication of Rice in 7000 BC) RM Garo Hills in Meghalaya Cu mines Daojali Hading: Assam (Jadeite stone seen here) Khetri mines (RJ) Catal Huyuk: Turkey (one of the first human protocities) Malajkhand (MP) 1st metal to be discovered by humans: Copper PA Chacolithics (Copper Age/Chalcolitjic Age) People lived in rural communities Earliest Ganeshwar (Rajasthan) Sites: Tools made of copper obtained South-eastern Rajasthan: Ahar and Gilund (near Banas Valley) Eastern India: Chirand (Ganga), Burdwan district, Midnapore district Western Madhya Pradesh: Malwa (Narmada), Kayatha (Kalisindh), Eran Western Maharashtra: Jorwe (first) Parvara (Godavari) u Svalda (Tapti river) Savalda Under Jorwe: Nevasa Daimabad (largest site) Chandoli Inamgaon Nasik Navdatoli (Narmada) C Burial Habits: They practiced ‘Urn’ burial SS Did not know about horses and burnt bricks Pottery: Black and red Ochre coloured pottery One liners (from MCQs) R A The word India that came from the Indus is called Sindhu in Sanskrit RM Megalith (grave/memorial) that were the stone pieces set in a circular shape around the grave: Cairn circle The practice of erecting Megaliths began about: 3000 years ago A celt in Neolithic period is: A tool PA First Rice evidence: Koldihwa (Uttar Pradesh) The skull of Homo erectus was found in: Hathnora (Madhya Pradesh near Narmada) Gauri Gun Dam (site): Telangana