21st Century Literature Reviewer PDF

21st Century Literature Reviewer 2. Artistry - Appeals to our sense of beauty - aesthetically apealling LITERATURE - “litera” which...

21st Century Literature Reviewer 2. Artistry - Appeals to our sense of beauty - aesthetically apealling LITERATURE - “litera” which means letters 3. Permanence LITERATURE – any printed matter written on a - Endures the test of time book, a magazine or a pamphlet. 4. Style - It is man’s manifold experiences - Peculiar way in which the writer blended into a harmonious sees life expression. - Ideas expressed in a peculiar way - Originated from oral traditions 5. Spiritual Value/Appeal - A product of life and about life - Should present moral/values necessary for us to reflect to Literature consists of those writings which become a better person interpret the meanings of nature and life, in - moral values & reflection (lessons words of charm and power, touched with the learned) personality of the author, in artistic forms of 6. Intellectual Value/Appeal permanent interests. - Should enrich our mental life - mental ability Why Study Literature? 7. Suggestiveness By studying good literature, we learn - Makes us feel deeply and stirs our more about human problems and imagination difficulties. - interpretation We will know about universality of such problems and ways to overcome them. Literature can generally be divided into two Makes us better human beings types; prose and poetry. Allows us to appreciate international 1. PROSE – consists of those written within the understanding and world peace common flow of conversation in sentences and Helps us grow personally and paragraphs. intellectually 2. POETRY - refers to those expressions in verse, It depicts the history, culture, and with measure and rhyme, line and stanza, and tradition of a country has a more melodious tone. Literature stimulates our imagination and ingenuity TYPES OF PROSE It links us to the world of which we are FICTION – are based on imagination apart Novel – long narrative into chapters It sharpens our moral judgement Novelette – shorter than a novel but longer It enables us to transcend our than a short story immediate time, place, and culture to Ex: The Fall of The House of Usher by Edgar make connections with other human Allan Poe beings It relives history Fantasy – uses magic or other super natural It illuminates life entities Fairytale – a type of short story but typically 7 Literary Standards shows folkloric fantasy Fables – deals with animals and animate objects 1. Universality Anecdote – product of writer’s imagination - shared by all people or things in the Folktale – passed from one generation to world another through oral tradition CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer Parable – stories in the bible and has instructive work was admired by contemporaries and lessons imitated by those who came after him. Myth – traditional/legendary story usually concerning a hero or event ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY Science Fiction/Sci-Fi – impact of actual or Character – the ones portraying the role in a imagine science story Legends – are prose narrative accounts of an a.) Protagonist extraordinary events to occur b.) Antagonist Short Story – a ficticious narrative compressed Setting – the locale or period in which the into 1 unit of time, place & action. action of a short story, play, novel or motion Plays/Dramatic Poetry – presented on stage & takes place meant to be performed. Theme – central or dominating idea in a literary NON-FICTION – works of literature that are work based on real-life experiences. Unlike fiction which involves imagined reality, non-fiction is Plot - are the parts a story which work together based on facts to create suspense, they stay together Diary – a daily record of account of the writer’s seamlessly, creating a unified story experience a.) Exposition – gives the setting, time, Journal – a magazine or periodical of a serious place, locale, background information or learned state on what took place before the actual Autobiography – you write it on your own start of the story Biography – you write it based on a person’s life b.) Complication – unfolds the problems Memoir – specific event in a life of a person and struggles that would be News – a factual and broad story for broadcast encountered by the main characters media based on facts leading to the crisis. Research – a systematic investigation and study c.) Climax – where the problem or the of materials conflict is the highest peak of interest; is Letters – a force form by its style and becomes the highest moment of interest and an object greatest emotion; also known as the Ex: love letter crisis or the point of no return. d.) Denouement – untying of the Speech – an expression or ability to express entangled knots or the part that shows thoughts & feelings by articulate selves a conflict or a problem is solved, leading Thesis – is done to get a degree at university to its downwards movement or end Oration – a formal treatment of a subject and is e.) Resolution – contains the last intended to be spoken in public statements about the story Cooking Books – a book of directions on how to prepare food CONFLICT: Essays – expresses the opinion of the writer Man vs. Man – pits the protagonist about a problem against someone else ⮚ Argumentative Man vs. Nature – occurs when a ⮚ Reflective character faces resistance from a ⮚ Reaction Paper natural force as opposed to a supernatural force Guy de Maupassant – father of the modern Man vs. Society – happens when the short story-a literary form that’s more protagonist conflicts with the values of condensed and immediate than the novel. His their society CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer Man vs. Himself – occurs when the - contradicts science & facts protagonist struggles within himself or Science Fiction herself - impact of actual or imagined F.) LITERARY DEVICES – typical structure that science upon society or the writer uses in the work to transmit his individuals. information to the reader in a simple way - futuristic Flashback – strategy of the author to Fantasy show the readers what happened from the past - uses magic and supernatural to understand the event in the present. elements in plot, theme, and Foreshadowing – the strategy of the setting author to foretell to the readers what will Under this are: happen in the future through the action of the - Myths character - Legends G.) POINT OF VIEW - talks about the writer’s - Epic feelings and attitude towards his subject and - Folktales determines who tells the story. Contemporary Fantasy First Person – The writer uses the - magical stories set in our pronoun “I” present-day world Second Person – uses the pronouns Dark Fantasy “you” - a combination of fantasy Third Person Limited – The narrator and horror only knows the thoughts and feelings of one Supernatural Fiction character. - incorporates elements that Third Person Omniscient – The narrator cannot be understood by knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the science and operate outside the characters. rules of the real world - presence of God and angels - Divine Powers Superhero Fiction Chick Lit - a fiction that follows a character - addresses issues of modern with superhuman abilities that womanhood, often humorously and come up against villains lightheartedly Ex: Darna - typically features a female protagonist Utopian Ex: Bride Wars, Confessions of a Shopaholic - presents a world that is ideally Flash Fiction/Microfiction perfect in all aspects of society - refers to a fictional work of relative Dystopian Fiction brevity, typically consisting of only a few - stories that take place in a hundred words futuristic society that is - maximum words: 1,500 words repressive or controlled, often Ex: Baby Dolls: 175 words under the guise of being perfect Six-Word Flash Fiction Apocalyptic Fiction - an extreme offshoot of flash fiction - concerned with the end of Speculative Fiction civilization due to catastrophe - a broad genre that encompasses stories Ex: 2012 that take place in imaginary worlds a result of one or more “what if” questions CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer Post-Apocalyptic Fiction Blog - set in civilization after an - the shortest version of the term “web apocalyptic event, or perhaps log” years later - refers to regularly updated journal on Alternate History the internet - a story that messes up with the Mobile Phone Texttula history of the world - literary work that is originally written Doodle Fiction on a cellular phone via text message - incorporates doodle drawings - written in Tagalog and English and handwritten graphics in Metafiction place of the traditional font - a style of prose narrative in which Digital Media Texts attention is directed to the process of - digitalized content fictive composition - texts, audio, video graphics - a self-conscious literary style in which that can be transmitted over the narrator or characters are aware the internet or computer that they are part of a work of fiction networks Ex: W (K-Drama) Podcast Manga - digital audio file made available - Japanese for “comics” on the internet for downloading - manga (man & ga) to a computer or mobile device - man: entertaining E-Book - ga: cartoon, illustrations - an electronic version of a Ghost Stories printed book that can be read - features a ghost as one of its characters on a computer or handheld Ex: Gabi ng Lagim device Graphic Novels/Comic Books Digital Story - narrative work in which the story is - a short form of digital media conveyed to the reader using comic production that allows everyday form people to share experiences Flip Top/Rap Battle and stories - a contemporary type of poetry that Vlog races its origins to the hip-hop culture - a type of blog where all of the Testimonio content is in a video format - an authentic narrative, told by a witness Creative Non-Fiction who is moved to narrate by the urgency - a rich mix of flavors, ideas, and of the situation techniques, some of which are newly Ex: MMK, Ipaglaban Mo, KMJS invented and others as old as writing Photographic Essay itself - a series of pictures that evokes an - factual based but uses styles and emotion, conveys an idea or tells a story literary techniques to produce a new Memoir one - recounts the experiences of someone’s Hyperpoetry life - a new genre of literature that uses the Spoken Word Poetry computer screen as a medium, rather - a poetry intended for performance on than the printed page stage for a live audience - uses hypertext mark up CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer Theatrical Adaption Sagisag ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas - a genre wherein a story from another medium is rewritten to conform to the National Artist Awards Committee - the one elements of theatre in-charge for the process of identifying and Text-Talk Novels selecting candidates for the National Artist - stories told, almost completely, in a under Presidential Decree 208. dialogue simulating social network exchanges Ex: Vince, Kath and James Philippine Literature - refers to the works of literary merit, both written and oral, by people who recognize themselves as Filipinos, and is written in Filipino, Spanish, English and/or our regional languages. Filipino Classics or Canon - collection of works considered representative of a certain genre or period. Canonical Authors - are writers whose works have been well-appreciated and considered representatives of certain genres of literature Order of National Artist - Order of National Artists (Orden ng Mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts; namely, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film, Broadcast Arts, and Architecture and Allied Arts. It aims to recognize: a.) Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the country; b.) Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote creative expression as significant to the development of a national cultural identity; and Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future generations of Filipino artists. Agencies that manage: NCCA Cultural Center of the Philippines CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer ⮚ A Trick of Mirrors 1997: N.V.M Gonzales (Nestor Vincente Madali Gonzales): ⮚ The Bamboo Dancers ⮚ Seven Hills Away NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE - Originally instituted as an award and was then elevated to NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE & MUSIC a status of a Cultural Order through Executive 1997: Order No. 236 in 2003, this was first established Levi Celerio: through Proclamation No. 1001 dated April 27, ⮚ O Maliwanag na Buwan(Iloko) 1972. ⮚ Singsing (Pampango) - the highest national recognition ⮚ Alibangbang (Visaya) given to Filipino writers who made significant contributions to the 1999: development of Philippine Edith L. Tiempo: Literature. ⮚ The Little Marmoset - Currently, there are 18 National ⮚ Bonsai Artists for Literature. 1973: 2001: Amado V. Hernandez: F. Sionil Jose ⮚ The Pretenders ⮚ Mga Ibong Mandaragit ⮚ My Executioner ⮚ Isang Dipang Langit Jose Garcia Villa: 2003: ⮚ Footnote to Youth Virgilio S. Almario ⮚ Poems by Doveglion ⮚ Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo ⮚ Ballad of a Mother’s Heart ⮚ Muli, Sa Kandungan ng Lupa Alejandro Roces 1976: ⮚ My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken Nick Joaquin: ⮚ Something to Crow About ⮚ The Woman Who Had Two Navels ⮚ Manila, My Manila 2006: Bienvenido Lumbera: 1982: ⮚ Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa Carlos P. Romulo ⮚ Sa Sariling Bayan: Apat na Dulang May ⮚ I am a Filipino Musika ⮚ I walked with Heroes 2009: 1990: Lazaro Francisco: Francisco Arcellana ⮚ Maganda Pa Ang Daigdig ⮚ Frankie ⮚ Daluyong ⮚ Death in a Factory 2014: National Artist for Theater and Literature 1997: Cirilo Bautista: Rolando S. Tinio ⮚ Summer Suns ⮚ Sit-sit sa kuliglig ⮚ Galaw ng Asoge ⮚ Dunung-dunungan CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer 2008: 19 years old - began writing weekly Ramon L. Muzones: column we for Philippine Daily Inquirer ⮚ Ang Bag-ong Maria Clara opinion page ⮚ Malala nga Gutom first published as youth columnist by Resil B. Mojares: the Philippine Star ⮚ Waiting for Mariang Makiling: Essay on Philippine Cultural History 1. FRECKLES - a small patch of light brown ⮚ House of Memory: Essay color on the skin, often becoming more pronounced through exposure to the 2002: sun. Gemino Abad: 2. ANOMALY - something that deviates ⮚ Underground Spirit from what is standard, normal, or ⮚ A Makeshift Sun expected. 3. DESERTION - is the abandonment of a WEEK 6 duty or post without permission and is done with the intention of not Patricia Evangelista returning. Full name: Patricia Chanco Evangelista 4. OMINOUS - giving the impression that Born in Manila something bad or unpleasant is going to St. Theresa College of Quezon City happen; threatening:inauspicious. during high school days 5. MICROCOSM - a community, place, or alumna of UP Debate Society situation regarded as encapsulating in Cum Laude - University of the miniature the characteristic qualities or Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of features of something much larger. Arts degree in Speech Communications a Filipino journalist A Borderless World her works focuses on When I was little, I wanted what many ○ human rights Filipino children all over the country ○ conflict wanted. I wanted to be blond, ○ disaster blue-eyed, and white (foreigner). I ○ development thought- if I just wished hard enough ○ public interest issues and was good enough (possibility), I'd videographer, editor, producer wake up on Christmas morning with multimedia reporter at online news SNOW (other country) outside my agency, RAPPLER window and freckles across my nose! writer at large at Esquire More than four CENTURIES under ○ Esquire - doesn't pick any topic western domination (ruled by other that she'll write countries) does that to you. I have Some People Need Killing - her first sixteen cousins. In a couple of years, book that came out in 2023 there will just be twelve of us left in the ○ drug war in the Philippines Philippines, the rest will have gone during the time of Duterte (migration) abroad in search of 18 years old - won as the First Filipino in "GREENER PASTURES." (better life) It's London-based Annual International not just an ANOMALY (unusual); it's a Public Speaking Championships TREND (common); the FILIPINO ○ it's an annual competition DIASPORA (migration). Today, about sponsored by the English eight million Filipinos are scattered Speaking Union held in London around the world. CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer There are those who disapprove (dictatorship). But we shall make it, (disagree) of Filipinos who choose to given more time. Especially now, when leave. I used to. Maybe this is a natural we have thousands of eager young reaction of someone who was left minds who graduate from college every behind, smiling for family pictures that year. THEY HAVE SKILLS. THEY NEED get emptier with each succeeding year. JOBS, WE CANNOT ABSORB THEM ALL. DESERTION (abandonment), I called it. (many professionals in our country) My country is a land that has A borderless world presents a bigger perpetually fought for the freedom to opportunity (nationalism), yet one that be itself. Our heroes offered their lives is not so much abandonment but an in the struggle against the Spanish, the extension of identity. Even as we take, Japanese, the Americans (colonization). we give back. "We are the 40,000 To pack up and deny that identity is skilled nurses who support the UK's tantamount to spitting on that National Health Service. We are the sacrifices (sacrifices). quarter-of-a-million seafarers manning Or is it? I don't think so, not anymore most of the world's commercial ships. (change of perspective). True, there is We are your software engineers in no denying this phenomenon, aided by Ireland, your construction workers in the fact that what was once the other the Middle East, your doctors and side of the world is now a twelve-hour caregivers in North America, and, your plane ride away (advancement of musical artists in London's West End." technology). But this is a borderless (proud) world, where no individual can claim to Nationalism isn't bound by time or be purely from where he-is now place. (wherever you are, you need to (extension of identity).. My mother is of be proud) People from other nations Chinese descent, my Father is a quarter migrate to create NEW NATIONS (create Spanish, and I call myselfa. pure a new name;loyal) yet still remain filipino-a hybrid of sorts resulting from essentially who they are. British society a combination of cultures. (mixture of is itself an example of a multi-cultural different culture) nation, a melting pot of races, religions, Each square mile anywhere in the world arts and cultures. We are, indeed, in a is made up of people of different borderless world! ethnicities, with national identities and "Leaving sometimes isn't a matter of individual personalities (group of choice. It's coming back that is." The different human beings). Because of Hobbits of the shire (The Shrine is this, each square mile is already a described as a small but beautiful and MICROCOSM (miniature) or the world. fruitful land, beloved by its inhabitants) In as much as this blessed spot that is traveled all over Middle-Earth, but they England is the world, so is my chose to come home, richer in every neighborhood back home. sense of the word. We call people like Seen this way, the Filipino Diaspora, or these balikbayans or the "returnees any sort of "dispersal of populations" -those who followed their dream, yet (spreading), is not as OMINOUS choose to return and share their mature (something bad happened). as so many talents and good fortune. claim. It must be understood. I come from a Third World country, one that is still trying mightily to get back on its feet after many years of dictatorship CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization 21st Century Literature Reviewer In a few years, "I may take advantage of whatever opportunities come my way." But I will come home. A borderless world doesn't preclude the idea of a home. I'm a Filipino, and I'll always be one. It isn't about just geography; it isn't about boundaries, It's about giving back to the country that shaped me. CREATED BY: Anndreu Dominique Valdapenas MODIFIED BY: YLO Organization