21st Century Literature in the Philippines & the World - Poetry Module (PDF)

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD POETRY Module 6 POETRY Literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Language in...

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD POETRY Module 6 POETRY Literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Language in Poetry 1. Figurative The language used to create a special effect in feeling characterized by figures of speech or language that compares, exaggerates or words that mean something other than its literal meaning. 2. Literal The exact primary meaning of a word. ELEMENTS IN POETRY 1. Persona and the Addressee 2. Line and Stanza 3. Meter and Rhythm 4. Rhyme 5. Theme 6. Mood 7. Imagery 8. Symbolism 9. Figures of Speech 10. Sound Devices  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Persona & the Addressee  Persona or Speaker The one speaking or narrating in the poem. The speaker & the writer/poet are NOT the same! The poet takes on a character while writing, usually telling the poem in the first person.  Addressee A silent or implied listener/reader of the poem. The one whom the speaker is talking to. It can be a person or a thing.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Line & Stanza LINE A line is a unit of language into which a poem is divided STANZA It is a unit of poetry composed of lines that relate to a similar thought or topic There are 12 lines and 6 stanzas.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Meter and Rhythm  Meter and rhythm describe the patterned repetition and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. Meter and rhythm create a beat.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Theme The theme in any work of literature is the underlying message. In other words, this is the belief the poet is trying to convey in his/her poem.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Figures of Speech  Simile A poem as lovely A comparison as a tree. between two Joyce Kilmer usually unrelated things using the word “like” or You treat me like a rose. “as”. Metaphor “I'm a riddle in nine syllables, An elephant, a An implied ponderous house, comparison Slyvia Plath between two "Hope” is the thing usually unrelated with feathers - things. That perches in the soul - Emily Dickinson Here once the embattled farmers stood Hyperbole And fired the shot heard round the An exaggeration world. Ralph Waldo Emerson for the sake of emphasis. "I'll love you, dear, I'll love you Till China and Africa meet, WH Auden Personification And the river jumps over the mountain the giving of And the salmon sing in the street." human qualities WH Auden to an animal, object, or idea The saffron-yellow sun grins on top of the beige sand Sydney Harris Not yet, Rizal, not yet. Sleep not in peace: There are Apostrophe a thousand It is a direct address waters to be to the dead, to the spanned Rafael Zulueta da Costa absent, or to the personified object or Sing to me, Autumn, with the idea. rustle of your leaves. Patricia L. Cisco  Allusion A reference to another piece of Then leaf subsides to leaf. literature or to So Eden sank to grief, history So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay. "Nothing Gold Can Stay" by Robert Frost Euphemism If I pass during some nocturnal word or blackness, mothy expression used and warm... in lieu of a Thomas Hardy harsher alternative; makes something wasted means bad sounds good drunk A honey tongue, a heart of gall, / Is Antithesis fancy's spring, but It is a striking sorrow's fall position or contrast Sir Walter Raleigh of words or sentiments made in And builds a the same sentence. Heaven in Hell's despair. William Blake Oxymoron deceiving us with a a special form of false truth... antithesis whereby two Brenda Arledge contradictory qualities are presented at once; used in catchphrases to grab the attention of the Curse, bless, me now... target audience Dylan Thomas lend me your ears Metonymy refers to a situation in which one term is substituted for another; a change bring this to of name the Crown Synecdoche Give us this day our daily bread. a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa I've got wheels.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Rhyme  RHYME Similarity or likeness of sound existing between words. Example: top, crop, mop, chop Internal Rhyme It occurs when rhyming words appear in the same line of poetry Example: The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain. End Rhyme Rhyming words that appear at the ends of two or more lines of poetry Example: I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. RHYME SCHEME The pattern or sequence in which rhyme sounds occur in a stanza or poem. End rhyme is being observed in rhyme scheme. To label a rhyme scheme, similar letter is assigned to each pair of end rhyme.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Sound Devices  Repetition involves intentionally using And miles to go before I a word or phrase sleep, for effect, two or And miles to go before I more times in a sleep speech or written Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening work by Robert Frost Onomatopeia (1) "The Bells" by Edgar Allan Poe: the use of words “How they clang, and clash, whose sounds and roar!” suggest their (2)"The Highwayman" by meanings; words Alfred Noyes: mimic the actual “Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn- sounds we hear yard.” Peter Piper picked a peck Alliteration of pickled peppers. repetition of A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. CONSONANT If Peter Piper picked a SOUNDS at the peck of pickled peppers, BEGINNING of at Where’s the peck of pickled peppers Peter least two words Piper picked? in a line of poetry  But some punks want to jump up With a sharp tongue and their fronts up Assonance Like we got here by dumb luck But they just want to become Repetition of vowel us. sounds within nearby (“Bangarang” by Doomtree) words, often used to create internal rhyming "The rain in Spain stays mainly within phrases or in the plain." sentences. (from the musical My Fair Lady) "Fuddy duddy" Consonance "Odds and ends" It involves the repetition "The lumpy, bumpy of the same consonant sounds within a group of road." words. Unlike alliteration, "Mike likes his new which repeats consonant bike." sounds at the beginning "The black sack is in the of words, consonance occurs at the middle or back." end of words. Cacophony "Beware the Jabberwock, involves the use of words with my son! The jaws that bite, sharp, harsh, and unmelodious the claws that catch!" sounds. These sounds are often created by the use of explosive (Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky) consonants like "k," "t," "g," "d," "p," and "b," as well as hissing sounds like C, CH, Q, He is a rotten, dirty, and X. The purpose of terrible, trudging, stupid cacophony is to create a jarring, discordant effect that dude! can reflect chaos, conflict, or intensity in the text.  Euphony Twinkle, twinkle, little Involves the use of star, words and phrases How I wonder what you that are pleasing to the are. ear. It creates a Up above the world so harmonious and high, melodious effect in Like a diamond in the writing. It can evoke sky. positive emotions and create a soothing, peaceful atmosphere. “Season of mists and Euphony mellow fruitfulness, / Consonants with Close bosom-friend of muted or muffled the maturing sun; / sounds, like L, M, N, Conspiring with him R, and W. Consonants with how to load and bless / buzzing sounds, like With fruit the vines that V, Z, and hard Th round the thatch-eves sounds (as in "The"). run.” Consonants with hissing sounds, like "Ode to Autumn" by John Keats F, H, S, and Sh.  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Imagery In poetry, imagery is a vivid and vibrant form of description that appeals to readers’ senses and imagination...it refers to the full spectrum of sensory experiences, including internal emotions and physical sensations.  KINESTHETIC IMAGERY In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals to the reader’s sense of motion. It may include the sensation of speeding along in a vehicle, a slow sauntering, or a sudden jolt when stopping, and it may apply to the movement of the poem’s speaker/narrator or objects around them.  ORGANIC IMAGERY In this form of poetic imagery, the poet communicates internal sensations such as fatigue, hunger, and thirst as well as internal emotions such as fear, love, and despair.  The winter evening settles down With smell of steaks in passageways. Six o'clock. The burnt-out ends of smoky days. And now a gusty shower wraps The grimy scraps Of withered leaves about your feet Excerpt from “Preludes” by T. S. Eliot And newspapers from vacant lots;  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Symbolism Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.  Private green light in the novel, The Great Symbol Gatsby, symbolizes symbol that Gatsby's hopes holds meaning and dreams for only within the the future context of the literature dove usually means "peace" Conventional Symbol cross usually means symbol that "Christianity" holds meaning for an entire culture or group apple usually means "temptation" Color and their Meaning Other Common Symbols Used  21ST CENTURY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES & THE WORLD Tone and Mood  TONE The author’s attitude toward the subject, audience, or characters in their work. It reflects the author’s feelings or perspective, which they convey through word choice, sentence structure, and stylistic elements.  MOOD The feeling or atmosphere the reader experiences while engaging with the text. It’s the emotional response the author intends to evoke in the audience. "The rain pattered against the windows, a rhythmic sound that matched the calm stillness of the gray afternoon." Tone: ------- "The rain pattered against the windows, a rhythmic sound that matched the calm stillness of the gray afternoon." Tone: The author’s tone is soothing or peaceful because of words like “rhythmic” and “calm.” Mood: The reader may feel relaxed or tranquil due to the imagery of gentle rain and a serene setting. "The rain lashed against the windows like whips, and the wind howled, shaking the fragile walls of the house." Tone: ----- "The rain lashed against the windows like whips, and the wind howled, shaking the fragile walls of the house." Tone: The author’s tone is intense or foreboding because of words like “lashed” and “howled.” Mood: The reader might feel anxious or tense due to the violent descriptions. "She looked at the trophy on her shelf and smiled. It reminded her of the countless hours of practice, the late nights, and the sweet taste of victory." Tone: The author’s tone is proud or admiring, highlighting the character’s accomplishment. Mood: The reader may feel inspired or motivated by the character’s success. "The city roared with noise, the endless honking of horns and shouts echoing off the cold, gray buildings. The streets were packed, the air thick with smog and frustration." Tone: The author’s tone is critical or pessimistic about urban life. Mood: The reader might feel overwhelmed or stressed by the chaotic scene. "Nenita's husband and the late judge's wife are sharing a cozy dinner at a charming café. As they enjoy their meal, they lovingly chat about their day, exchanging smiles and tender glances, creating a warm and romantic atmosphere." Tone: The author’s tone is sweet and romantic. Mood: ----