21st Century Literature Module 3 PDF

21st Century Literature Module 3 Historical Overview of Philippine Literature: COLONIAL PERIOD Presented by: Group 2 Reporters (11-STEM B)  About Us This presentation is brought to you by: Brix Froilan Biclar Lorianna Conzuelo Bering Anne Kirsten...

21st Century Literature Module 3 Historical Overview of Philippine Literature: COLONIAL PERIOD Presented by: Group 2 Reporters (11-STEM B)  About Us This presentation is brought to you by: Brix Froilan Biclar Lorianna Conzuelo Bering Anne Kirsten Basquez Mary Vhenice Bandang KC Hapitana Marvele Macasaol Historical Overview of Philippines Literature: Colonial Period  Christian Doctrine were two early books on the catechism of the Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines. These are two of the earliest printed books in the Philippines.  Christian Doctrine were two early books on the catechism of the Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines. These are two of the earliest printed books in the Philippines.  Christian Doctrine An emphasis on Christian doctrine was manifested through types of text which replaced stories about heroes and animated creatures to Biblical characters and saints.  Christian Doctrine This makes literature during the early Spanish Period didatic or intended for teaching morality and conduct for good behaviors. The transition between Spanish Period and American Period is not smooth. American colonizers used democratic approach as manifested by allowing by allowing Filipino to lead. Emilio Aguinaldo Manuel Quezon Manuel Quezon  The cruelty of Japanese occupation was evidenced by strong resistance among the majority of Filipino people. The Tagalog language was favored by the Japanese which made Tagalog stories and Dramas flourish at the time.  SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1565-1898)  Can be divided into two major periods: Early Spanish Period (1565-1863) and Later Part or Revolutionary Period (1864-1896). Early Spanish Period can be categorized as either religious or secular. Dimensions of Philippine Literature  The type of literature produced during this period used Spanish, Tagalog, and the vernacular form of languages. Spanish was introduced as the medium of communication and later shifted to Tagalog when a sense of nationalism arose during the revolutionary period. The introduction of the printing equipment called xylographic press by the Dominicans resulted in publication of various religious materials and earliest books. XYLOGRAPHIC PRESS  Poetically inclined writers led by Tagalog versifiers called Ladinos (natives who were also fluent in Spanish) such as Fernándo Bágongbantâ and Tomas Pinpin tackled mostly morality and religion. Folk songs still existed.  Drama,as another type of literary genre, as well as metrical tales based on European origin (such as awit and corrido) flourished. Diaryong Tagalog (1882), a Spanish-Tagalog newspaper, published bulk of Filipino writings. The publication signaled the open campaign for reforms  In 1889, the La Solidaridad, an underground newspaper, became the mouthpiece of the Reform Movement. Emergence of Other Types of Literature During Spanish Colonial Period  Books In 1593, the book written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva entitled "Doctrina Cristiana" (The Christian Doctrine) Among the other notable books printed: was first printed. "Nuestra Señora del Rosario" by Fr. Blancas de San Jose "Barlaan at Jósaphát" (first published in 1708) translated from Greek to Tagalog by Fr. Antonio de Borja "Urbana at Felisa" by Modesto de Castro who is considered as the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog  Folk Songs These were songs modified based on the folkways of Filipinos during this period.  Recreational Plays These were mostly poetic in nature and intended to be performed during the Spanish era. Cenaculo, Carillo, Zarzuela, Moro- Moго, Balagtasan, Duplo, and Karagatan are among the examples.  Novels These are fictitious prose usually lengthy and complex in nature. Pedro Paterno's work entitled "Ninay" is the first novel published by a Filipino author. This was originally written in Spanish language and translated into English and Tagalog in 1907 and 1908.  Newspapers There has been a debate on whether newspapers should be categorized as literature or not. However, according to Britannica, some high Bulk of Filipino writings produced level journalism like articles written were mostly published in Diaryong in a newspaper such as columns and Tagalog. The underground feature articles can be considered newspaper La Solidaridad is as literature for as long as they considered as the mouthpiece of the Reform Movement. achieve a certain level of satisfaction under aesthetic, chronological, and psychological characterization. Some Notable Writers During Spanish Era  Baltazar was hailed as the "Master of Traditional Tagalog Poetry". His well- known literary work, Florante at Laura (1838- 1861), is regarded as the Francisco Baltazar most famous metrical (1788-1862) romance of the country.  Paterno is the to first Filipino who wrote poetry collection in Spanish entitled Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880). His novel in Spanish Ninay Perdo Paterno (1885) was considered to be (1857-1911) the first Filipino novel.  Rizal is a prominent ilustrado and the country's national hero, is famous for the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These novels portray the corruption and abuse of Jose Rizal the Spanish officials and (1861-1896) the clergy.  Bonifacio is the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa" which appeared in the official newspaper of the Andres Bonifacio Katipunan called Kalayaan (1863-1897) in March 1896.  Florentino is known as the "Mother of Philippine Women's Literature," was a poet in both Ilocano and Spanish. Twenty of her poems were preserved and exhibited in Europe and were included in the Encyclopedia Internationaldes Oeuvres des Leona Florentino Femme in 1889. (1849-1884) American Colonial Period (1910-1945)  American Colonial Period The period of apprenticeship (1910-1930) The period of emergence (1920-1930)  American Colonial Period The surrender of first Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901 signified the end of the military struggle for independence. Aguinaldo promised allegiance to America but still continued to be very vocal of achieving independence for the Philippines. In 1935, Aguinaldo was soundly defeated by Manuel L. Quezon as the first President of the Commonwealth. Dimensions of Philippine Literature Dimensions During the transition period, many Filipino writers still preferred to write in Spanish. Filipino writers were into all forms of literature during the period of apprenticeship but most of their works were critiqued as an imitation of English and American models. Short stories became the most prevalent literary form during the latter part of American colonial period. Dimensions The existence of American literary works and periodicals as well as the coming of American teachers encouraged many aspiring Filipino writers to use the English language. A new type of literature began when American system of education and English language were introduced. Dimensions At the beginning, most of the literary works written in English were considered imitative in nature, but then later on evolved to a new variety of subjects, styles, and conventions of writing. Common theme in plays was all about nationalism.  21st Century Literature OTHER TYPE OF LITERATURE DURING AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD Short Stories  Short Stories These are stories that can typically be read in one sitting revolving around one subject and may range between 1,000 up to 20,000 words. The first short story written in English is entitled "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez.  Some Notable Writers Juan C. Laya Zoilo M. Galang  He won first prize for his novel "His Native Soil" in the First Commonwealth Literary Awards in 1940. Juan C. Laya (1911 - 1952)  His work entitled "A Child of Sorrow" in 1921 is considered as the first Filipino novel in English. Zoilo M. Galang (1895 - 1959) Japanese Colonial Period (1942-1945)  Japanese Colonial Period Japan invaded the Philippines on December 8, 1941 which was strongly opposed by Guerillas. Captured soldiers and American deportees were forced to have “Death March” to a prison camp where they walked for 100 kilometers from Mariveles, Bataan to san Fernando, Pampanga. An estimated 10,000 prisoners died here. Aguinaldo cooperated with the Japanese to end Filipino and American opposition. Japanese Colonial Period Japanese colonizers failed to gain the trust of Filipinos. The resurgence of World War II forced former President Manuel L. Quezon and Vice-President Sergio Osmeña Sr. to immediately leave the Philippines and sought residence in the United States as the Commonwealth government was suddenly in exile. There was a great tension between the two major groups: HUKBALAHAP (unified guerilla army against Japanese invasion) and KALIBAPI (political party approved by the Japanese). Japanese Colonial Period Jose P. Laurel was appointed as the President of the Philippines under the Japanese-sponsored Republic. In 1942, Mc Arthur escaped but promised to return which he did in 1944. The US victory in the battle of Leyte gulf signaled the beginning of Philippine liberation from the Japanese. Dimensions of Philippine Literature Dimensions All forms of writing were censored during this time because there was no freedom of speech and of the press. Only those who were living in the United States such as Carlos P. Romulo and Manuel L. Quezon could write freely. The use of english language was stopped in almost all publications and only tagalog and vernaculars were permitted  Dimensions Few literary works were printed and mostly considered as pessimistic and bitter according to the author Victoria Abelardo. Another type of poetry that emerged is the Haiku consisting of three lines with 5-7-5 syllables or 17 syllable poetry in all. Ex. TUTUBI DRAGONFLY hila mo'y tabak pulling your sword ang bulaklak, nanginig! the flower trembled sa paglapit mo. as you approached Dimensions Tagalog short stories flourished and some of the best works were compiled by the liwayway magazine editors in Ang Pinakamabuting Maikiling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943. Some notable stories were "Lupang Tinubuan" by Narciso G. Reyes, "Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa" by Liwayway Arceo, "Nayon at Dagat- dagatan" by N. V. M. Gonzalez , and "Suyuan sa Tubigan" by Macario Pineda. Opera and classical music gained popularity Dimensions Among the other types of literature emerged were essay (e.g." literature and society by Salvador P. Lopez) and autobiography (e.g "The Good Fight" by Manuel Quezon).  Some Notable Writers Carlos P. Romulo Narciso Reyes  He won the Pulitzer Prize for his notable works such as "I saw the fall of the Philippines rise", "I see the Philippine rise, "Mother Carlos P. Romulo (1899-1985) America ", and "My brother Americans".  He won first prize with his short story "Lupang Tinubuan". Narciso G. Reyes (1914-1996)  21st Century Literature Thank You for listening !