21 (b) Vocabulary- II PDF Past Paper

Core Vocabulary-II 61. Astronomical (adjective): Related to astronomy or extremely large (खगोलशा ीय; वशाल) o The telescope provided astronomical data about distant galaxies. o Synonyms: cosmic, celestial, huge o Antonyms: terrestrial, tiny, small 62. Autonomy (noun): T...

Core Vocabulary-II 61. Astronomical (adjective): Related to astronomy or extremely large (खगोलशा ीय; वशाल) o The telescope provided astronomical data about distant galaxies. o Synonyms: cosmic, celestial, huge o Antonyms: terrestrial, tiny, small 62. Autonomy (noun): The right or condition of self-government or independence ( वाय ता; वतं ता) o The region gained autonomy and was able to govern itself without external control. o Synonyms: independence, self-governance, freedom o Antonyms: dependency, subordination, control 63. Autonomous (adjective): Acting independently or having the freedom to do so ( वाय ; वतं ) o The autonomous vehicle can navigate and make decisions without human intervention. o Synonyms: independent, self-governing, self-sufficient o Antonyms: dependent, controlled, subordinate 64. Biopsy (noun): The removal and examination of tissue from a living body to diagnose disease (शर र के ऊतक का पर ण) o The doctor performed a biopsy to determine whether the lump was cancerous. o Synonyms: tissue examination, diagnostic test o Antonyms: (no direct antonyms; related concepts include observation, non-invasive test) 65. Autopsy (noun): The examination of a body after death to determine the cause of death (पो टमॉटम; शव पर ण) o An autopsy revealed the exact cause of death, which was crucial for the investigation. o Synonyms: postmortem examination, necropsy o Antonyms: (no direct antonyms; related concepts include live examination, clinical diagnosis) 66. Eccentric (adjective): Unconventional and slightly strange or unusual (असामा य; अजीब) o The artist was known for his eccentric behavior and unique artistic style. o Synonyms: quirky, aberrant, deviant, unconventional, peculiar o Antonyms: conventional, normal, ordinary 67. Tome (noun): A large, heavy book, especially one dealing with a serious subject ( वशालपु तक; ंथ) o The library's collection included several tomes on ancient history. o Synonyms: volume, book, manuscript o Antonyms: pamphlet, brochure, booklet 68. Epitome (noun): A perfect example or embodiment of a particular quality or type (उ म उदाहरण; आदश) o She is the epitome of professionalism and dedication in her field. o Synonyms:quintessence, essence, embodiment o Antonyms: antithesis, counterexample, deviation 69. Dichotomy (noun): A division or contrast between two things that are represented as being opposed or entirely different ( वभाजन; वरोधाभास) o The dichotomy between science and religion has been a topic of debate for centuries. o Synonyms: contrast, division, split o Antonyms: unity, integration, harmony 70. Linguist (noun): A person skilled in foreign languages or who studies language structure (भाषा व ) o The linguist was fluent in several languages and conducted research on language acquisition. o Synonyms: language expert, polyglot o Antonyms: monolingual, layperson 71. Philology (noun): The study of language in historical texts and its development (भाषाशा ) o Philology involves analyzing ancient manuscripts to understand historical languages. o Synonyms: linguistic study, language history o Antonyms: (no direct antonyms; related fields include modern linguistics, applied linguistics) 72. Philharmonic (adjective): Relating to a symphony orchestra or its performances (संगीतमय; सुसग ं ठत) o The philharmonic concert was a grand display of orchestral music. o Synonyms: orchestral, musical, symphonic o Antonyms: (no direct antonyms; related concepts include non-musical, unharmonious) 73. Philanderer (noun): A person who engages in frequent casual sexual relationships (अ धक संबध ं रखने वाला यि त; ेमी) o The philanderer was known for his numerous short-term relationships. o Synonyms: flirt, womanizer, seducer o Antonyms: monogamist, faithful partner, loyal spouse 74. Bibliophile (noun): A person who loves or collects books (पु तक ेमी; पु तक संकलक) o The bibliophile’s collection included rare and antique books. o Synonyms: book lover, collector o Antonyms: bibliophobe, book hater, non-reader 75. Asocial (adjective): Avoiding social interaction or having little interest in social activities (असामािजक; समाज से कटे हुए) o His asocial behavior made it difficult for him to engage in group activities. o Synonyms: antisocial, introverted, reclusive o Antonyms: social, outgoing, extroverted 76. Notorious (adjective): Famous for something bad or negative (कु यात; बदनाम) o The gangster was notorious for his criminal activities and frequent escapes from the law. o Synonyms: infamous, notorious, well-known o Antonyms: unknown, obscure, unremarkable 77. Consummate (adjective): Showing a high degree of skill and flair; perfect (पण ू ; कुशल) o The pianist's performance was consummate, showcasing her exceptional skill and artistry. o Synonyms: expert, skilled, flawless o Antonyms: inept, unskilled, amateur 78. Incorrigible (adjective): Incapable of being corrected, reformed, or improved (असंवधनीय; दोषपूण) o Despite numerous attempts at rehabilitation, the criminal remained incorrigible. o Synonyms: unmanageable, hopeless, irredeemable o Antonyms: corrigible, reformable, manageable 79. Inveterate (adjective): Having a particular habit or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change (पारं प रक; आदत से त) o He was an inveterate gambler, with a lifelong habit of betting on sports. o Synonyms: habitual, ingrained, establish, entrenched, deep-rooted o Antonyms: occasional, sporadic, unaccustomed 80. Congenital (adjective): Existing from birth; inherent or innate (ज मजात; वाभा वक) o The child was born with a congenital heart defect that required immediate medical attention. o Synonyms: inherited, inborn, innate o Antonyms: acquired, developed, external 81. Chronic (adjective): Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring (द घका लक; लगातार) o She suffered from chronic pain that affected her daily life. o Synonyms: persistent, long-term, enduring o Antonyms: acute, temporary, short-term 82. Unconscionable (adjective): Not right or reasonable; shockingly unfair or unjust (अनै तक; अ याचारपण ू ) o The company’s unconscionable practices led to public outrage and legal action. o Synonyms: unscrupulous, unethical, outrageous o Antonyms: scrupulous, fair, just, reasonable 83. Glib (adjective): Fluent and voluble but insincere and shallow ( चकनी-चुपड़ी बात करने वाला) o His glib responses to serious questions made it clear that he was not being sincere. o Synonyms: insincere, superficial, smooth o Antonyms: sincere, genuine, heartfelt 84. Egregious (adjective): Outstandingly bad; shocking (सवथा बरु ा; अ य धक खराब) o The team’s egregious errors led to their defeat in the championship game. o Synonyms: flagrant, blatant, outrageous, shocking, glaring o Antonyms: minor, negligible, acceptable 85. Veteran (noun): A person who has a long experience in a particular field or activity; also, a former member of the armed forces (अनुभवी यि त; पव ू सै नक) o The veteran shared valuable insights from his years of service. o Synonyms: expert, experienced person, former soldier o Antonyms: novice, amateur, recruit 86. Genealogy (noun): The study of family history and lineage (वंशावल ; जा त-इ तहास) o She researched her genealogy to trace her family's roots back several generations. o Synonyms: family history, lineage, ancestry o Antonyms: (no direct antonyms; related concepts include general history, present-day) 87. Anachronous (adjective): Outdated or belonging to an earlier time period; not fitting in the current time (कालातीत; पुराना) o The use of typewriters in a modern office seemed anachronous and out of place. o Synonyms: outdated, obsolete, antiquated o Antonyms: contemporary, modern, up-to-date 88. Chronology (noun): The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence (काल म; तथी म) o The historian created a detailed chronology of the events leading up to the revolution. o Synonyms: timeline, sequence, history o Antonyms: (no direct antonyms; related concepts include randomness, disorder) 89. Incongruous (adjective): Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects; inappropriate (असंगत; अनुपयु त) o The modern furniture looked incongruous in the historically styled room. o Synonyms: mismatched, unsuitable, out of place o Antonyms: harmonious, appropriate, fitting 90. Pathetic (adjective): Arousing pity, sadness, or sympathy; also, inadequate or disappointing (दयायो य; अयो य) o The old, neglected house had a pathetic appearance, evoking sympathy from passersby. o Synonyms: pitiable, poignant, sad, inadequate o Antonyms: admirable, impressive, adequate 91. Sympathy (noun): Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune; compassion (सहानुभू त; दया) o She expressed her sympathy to the family who had lost their home in the fire. o Synonyms: compassion, pity, understanding o Antonyms: indifference, apathy, hostility 92. Empathy (noun): The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person (सहानभ ु ू त; भावना मक समझ) o Her empathy for her friend’s situation helped her offer genuine support. o Synonyms: understanding, compassion, sensitivity o Antonyms: apathy, indifference, insensitivity 93. Antipathy (noun): A deep-seated feeling of dislike or aversion ( वरोध; घण ृ ा) o He felt a strong antipathy towards the new policies implemented at work. o Synonyms: hostility, dislike, aversion o Antonyms: affection, sympathy, liking 94. Apathy (noun): Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern (उदासीनता; तट थता) o His apathy towards the project was evident in his lack of participation. o Synonyms: indifference, disinterest, lack of concern o Antonyms: enthusiasm, interest, concern 95. Telepathy (noun): The ability to communicate thoughts or ideas directly from one person's mind to another's without using traditional senses (दरू संचार; मान सक संचार) o The concept of telepathy was popularized in science fiction as a form of mind-to-mind communication. o Synonyms: mind reading, mental communication o Antonyms: verbal communication, physical interaction 96. Omniscient (adjective): Having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding; all-knowing (सव ; सबकुछ जानने वाला) o The narrator in the novel was omniscient, providing insights into every character's thoughts. o Synonyms: all-knowing, wise, knowledgeable o Antonyms: ignorant, uninformed, unaware 97. Nescient (adjective): Lacking knowledge or awareness; ignorant (अ ान; नासमझ) o His nescient remarks about the subject revealed his lack of understanding. o Synonyms: ignorant, uninformed, unaware o Antonyms: knowledgeable, informed, aware 98. Gregarious (adjective): Fond of company; sociable (सामािजक; मलनसार) o Her gregarious nature made her the life of every party. o Synonyms: sociable, outgoing, social o Antonyms: reserved, introverted, solitary 99. Congregation (noun): A group of people assembled for religious worship or a gathering of people (सभा; इक ठा होना) o The congregation gathered in the church for the Sunday service. o Synonyms: assembly, gathering o Antonyms: dispersal, separation, division 100. Segregation (noun): The action or state of setting someone or something apart from others ( वभाजन; अलगाव) o The policy of segregation kept different races apart in public spaces. o Synonyms: separation, isolation, division o Antonyms: integration, inclusion, mixing 101. Aggregate (noun): A whole formed by combining several separate elements (संचय; कुल) o The aggregate of the survey results showed a clear preference for the new policy. o Synonyms: total, sum, collection o Antonyms: individual, part, subset 102. Disparage (verb): To belittle or make someone or something seem less important ( नंदाकरना; तु छ समझना) o He never missed a chance to disparage his competitors, even when it wasn’t necessary. o Synonyms: belittle, denigrate, deprecate o Antonyms: praise, commend, extol 103. Equivocate (verb): To speak ambiguously or avoid giving a direct answer (घुमा फरा के बात करना) o When asked about the scandal, the politician began to equivocate, avoiding a direct answer. o Synonyms: prevaricate, avoid, evade, elude o Antonyms: clarify, simplify 104. Adulate (verb): To praise excessively; to flatter (चापलूसी करना; बहुत अ धक शंसा करना) o The celebrity was adulated by fans wherever he went. o Synonyms: flatter, praise, idolize o Antonyms: criticize, belittle, disparage 105. Proscribe (verb): To forbid, especially by law; to condemn ( तबं धत करना; नषेध करना) o The new regulations proscribe the use of certain chemicals in manufacturing. o Synonyms: ban, prohibit, forbid o Antonyms: allow, permit, authorize 106. Obviate (verb): To remove or prevent (a difficulty or obstacle); to make unnecessary ( नवारण करना; हटाना) o The new safety measures obviate the need for frequent inspections. o Synonyms: preclude, prevent eliminate, avoid o Antonyms: facilitate, assist, aid 107. Militate (verb): To work against or be a strong factor in preventing something ( वरोध करना; बाधा डालना) o His lack of experience militated against his chances of getting the job. o Synonyms: hinder, oppose, act against o Antonyms: support, aid, promote 108. Malign (verb): To speak about someone in a spitefully critical manner (कलं कत करना; बदनाम करना) o The politician was maligning his opponent to gain an advantage in the election. o Synonyms: slander, defame, vilify, libel o Antonyms: praise, commend, support 109. Condone (verb): To accept or allow behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive (माफ करना; मा करना) o The school does not condone cheating under any circumstances. o Synonyms: excuse, overlook, forgive o Antonyms: condemn, criticize, punish 110. Placate (verb): To make someone less angry or hostile; to soothe (शांत करना; मनाना) o He tried to placate his upset friend with a sincere apology. o Synonyms: pacify, calm, appease, mollify, soothe, allay, propitiate o Antonyms: aggravate, enrage, upset 111. Extenuate (verb): To make an offense seem less serious or more forgivable (कम करना, ह का करना) o His difficult childhood was used to extenuate his actions in court. o Synonyms: mitigate, excuse, palliate, reduce o Antonyms: aggravate, worsen, intensify, exacerbate 112. Disparity (noun): A great difference or inequality between two or more things (अंतर; असमानता) o The disparity in income levels between the rich and the poor is a growing concern. o Synonyms: inequality, difference, gap o Antonyms: equality, similarity, parity 113. Disparate (adjective): Essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison ( व भ न; असंगत) o The two job offers were so disparate that it was difficult to choose between them. o Synonyms: distinct, different, unlike o Antonyms: similar, comparable, alike 114. Peer (noun): A person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person (सहकम ; समक यि त) o He enjoyed working with his peers on the project, as they shared similar goals. o Synonyms: colleague, equal, mate o Antonyms: subordinate, junior, inferior 115. Equivocal (adjective): Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous (द ु वधाजनक; अ प ट) o The lawyer's equivocal response left the jury confused about the case's outcome. o Synonyms: ambiguous, vague, unclear o Antonyms: clear, definite, explicit 116. Ambiguous (adjective): Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning (अ प ट; द ु वधाजनक) o Her ambiguous statement left everyone wondering what she really meant. o Synonyms: unclear, vague, enigmatic o Antonyms: clear, definite, straightforward 117. Double entendre (noun): A word or phrase with two meanings, one of which is usually risqué or ironic ( वाथ; वाराथ वा य) o The comedian’s joke was a classic double entendre, with a humorous and a suggestive meaning. o Synonyms: double meaning, pun, innuendo o Antonyms: straightforwardness, clarity, single meaning 118. Inequity (noun): Injustice or unfairness; lack of fairness or justice (अ याय; असमानता) o The inequity in the distribution of resources sparked widespread protests. o Synonyms: injustice, unfairness, disparity o Antonyms: fairness, justice, equity 119. Iniquity (noun): Immoral or grossly unfair behavior; wickedness (अधम; पाप) o The novel explores themes of iniquity and redemption. o Synonyms: wickedness, sinfulness, evil o Antonyms: virtue, morality, righteousness 120. Iniquitous (adjective): Grossly unfair and morally wrong (अधम ; अ यायी) o The iniquitous laws were overturned after a long struggle for justice. o Synonyms: wicked, nefarious immoral, unjust o Antonyms: just, fair, righteous