Business Information Systems PDF

“Business information systems” The role of Computers in supporting modern business ---------------------------------------- Computers allow businesses to store, manage, and analyze massive amounts of data with ease. This has led to the rise of Big...

“Business information systems” The role of Computers in supporting modern business ---------------------------------------- Computers allow businesses to store, manage, and analyze massive amounts of data with ease. This has led to the rise of Big Data in commerce, where businesses collect and analyze customer data to understand buying patterns, market trends, and consumer preferences. Computers have become essential business tools. They are used in every aspect of a company's operations, including product creation, marketing, accounting and administration. It is critical that business owners take the time to choose the right computers, software and peripherals for their organization. Business technology helps automate back office functions, such as record keeping, accounting and payroll. Business owners can also use technology to create secure environments for maintaining sensitive business or consumer information. can help companies improve communication with consumers. The main advantages of computers are:  more information sources.  more opportunities for cooperation and networking.  increased access to the information in the resource centre.  increased efficiency.  more services. KEY WORDE Computer Components“HW & SW” The two types of computers  Desktop computer – a personal computer that is designed to stay at one location and fits on or under a desk....  Laptop computer (or notebook) – A portable personal computer that is small enough to rest on the user's lap and can be powered by a battery.  “1” TYPES OF SOFT WARE:  Word Processing Software: It is a software or program that allows users to create, edit, print, and save documents.  Multimedia Software: It defined as the combination of text, audio, images, animation, or video to produce interactive content.  Web Browsers: Is an application for accessing websites.  Graphics Software: Refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer.  Freeware: Software that is typically proprietary and is offered at no cost to users  ERP: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a software system that helps organisations streamline their core business processes—including finance, HR, manufacturing, supply chain, sales, and procurement—with a unified view of activity and provides a single source of truth., software system that integrates multiple system data sources and ties together the various processes of an organization. Computer Software Examples Operating systems (such as Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS) Productivity Software (for example, Microsoft Office Suite including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint) Internet Browsers (including Firefox, Chrome, and Safari) Primary functions of operating system: Provides a consistent way for application programs to work with the CPU. Manages computer hardware. Responsible for managing, scheduling, and coordinating tasks. Responsible for managing files (accessing, arranging, saving, deleting) Example as showed in figure 1:-  Figure 1 “2” List of Some common examples of hardware found within computers include:  A Motherboard. A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. The motherboard is a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect.  A CPU i.e. Central Processing Unit. The brain of a computer is CPU. The computer brain is a microprocessor called the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. It's the CPU's job to perform the calculations necessary to make the computer work -- the transistors in the CPU manipulate the data, quad-core processor designed with four cores.  The ALU is a digital circuit inside the CPU that has the capacity to perform billions of operations per second. ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit. The ALU in the computer performs arithmetic and logical operations as part of the CPU& it performs arithmetic calculations.  “RAM” Random Access Memory , “ROM “ Read Only Memory & Cash memory Random-access memory, or RAM, is one of the most important parts of your computer. It provides high-speed, short-term memory for your computer's CPU. The amount of computer memory you need depends on what you use your computer for, but 12 GB of RAM is a good general minimum standard. How much RAM do you need? Generally, we recommend 8GB of RAM for casual computer usage and internet browsing, 16GB for spreadsheets and other office programs, and at least 32GB for gamers and multimedia creators.  Memory hierarchy is about arranging different kinds of storage devices in a computer based on their size, cost and access speed, and the roles they play in application processing. The main purpose is to achieve efficient operations by organizing the memory to reduce access time while speeding up operations. The modal model of memory shows separate memory stores: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Input from the senses goes into sensory memory. Information we pay attention to is transferred to short-term memory. Information can be held there through rehearsal or output from there as a response. - Level 1 cache is a block of memory built on the CPU chip itself for storage of data or commands that have just been used. That gets the data to the CPU blindingly fast! - Level 2 cache is located on the CPU chip but is slightly farther away and so takes somewhat longer to access than Level 1 cache. It contains more storage area than Level 1 cache. - Level 3 cache is also located on the CPU chip itself but is slower to reach and larger in size. The result is stored in one of the registers, special memory storage areas built into the CPU, which are the most expensive, fastest memory in your computer. The CPU is then ready to fetch the next set of bits encoding the next instruction.  Rom ROM stands for read-only memory. It's used to store the start-up instructions for a computer, also known as the firmware. Most modern computers use flash-based ROM. It is part of the BIOS chip, which is located on the motherboard.  Cash memory It is a type of data storage used to store frequently accessed information for faster response time. It's a vital component in computer systems, and it's used to improve system performance, cache is the closest memory to the CPU  Monitor. A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls.  Hard drives A hard drive is a physical computer component that stores data, including programs, pictures, documents, and your operating system. Nearly all computers come equipped with an internal storage drive, and you can also add external hard drives for more storage space.  SSD Solid-state drives (SSDs) are the most common storage drives today. SSDs are smaller and faster than hard disk drives (HDDs). SSDs are noiseless and allow PCs to be thinner and more lightweight. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are more common in older devices, it uses electronic memory and has no moving part.  Computer Mouse. A computer mouse (plural mice, also mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of the pointer (called a cursor) on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a computer. -------------------------------------------------------------