NUR 104 - Pharmacology in Nursing PDF

GRADING: Students are responsible for all required textbook material on tests even though not all textbook material may be covered in class. Unit Tests: 60% Comprehensive Final: 35% ATI: 5% An average grade of 77% or a...

GRADING: Students are responsible for all required textbook material on tests even though not all textbook material may be covered in class. Unit Tests: 60% Comprehensive Final: 35% ATI: 5% An average grade of 77% or above is required to receive a passing grade in the Pharmacology component of this course. 91-100 A 82-90 B 77-81 C 70-76 D 69 or below F NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 6 XII. TOPIC OUTLINE 1. Introduction and Basics of Pharmacology 2. Nurse’s Role Related to Pharmacology and Medication Administration 3. Pharmacology related to Inflammation/Infection 4. Pharmacology related to the Cardiovascular System 5. Pharmacology related to the Respiratory System 6. Pharmacology related to the Gastrointestinal System 7. Pharmacology related to the Endocrine System 8. Pharmacology related to the Renal System 9. Pharmacology related to the Neurological System 10. Pharmacology related to Hematological/Immune Function 11. Pharmacology related to the Eyes, Ears, Skin NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 7 XIII. ESSENTIAL COURSE CONTENT CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 1: Introduction and Basics of Pharmacology LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter 2. Explain the difference between generic and trade names of medications 3. Understand safeguards in place to promote medication safety 4. Explore laws and standards related to pharmacology 5. Develop methods for learning medications and utilizing knowledge to safety administer medications 6. Gain an understanding of regulations related to medication safety 7. Explain the basic areas of pharmacology (pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics) 8. Discuss the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effectiveness in treating disease 9. Explain the four phases of pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and apply to patient situations 10. Explore the pharmacokinetic processes that affect drug therapy 11. Differentiate between adverse drug effects, side effects, and toxic reactions 12. Identify generic medication classification. 13. Discuss laboratory monitoring. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Drug Names 3. Medication Safety 4. Drug Laws and Standards 5. USP 800 6. Methods of Learning (Drug Classifications) 7. Medication Safety Regulations 8. Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics 9. Dosages/Effectiveness of Medications and Disease 10. Phases of Pharmacokinetics 11. Pharmacokinetic Processes 12. Adverse Drug Effects 13. Side Effects of Medications 14. Toxic Reactions Required Reading: Karch, Chapters 1-3, Material Provided by Faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 8 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 2: Nurse’s Role Related to Pharmacology and Medication Administration LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explain the Nurse’s role related to implications of Pharmacology through the application of the Nursing Process: A. Assessment B. Planning/Goals C. Nursing Diagnoses D. Implementation E. Rationales F. Evaluation G. Patient /Family Teaching 3. Examine the legal responsibilities regarding pharmacology and medication administration 4. Describe the role of the Registered Nurse related to pharmacology and medication administration: A. Medication across the lifespan B. Cultural implications C. Safety and prevention of medication errors D. Research and ethics 5. Incorporate principles of safety regarding pharmacology and the administration of medications A. Rights of Medication Administration B. Classification of medications C. Actions of medications D. Nursing care related to medication administration CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Nurse’s Role 3. Nursing Process 4. Legal Responsibilities 5. Safe Medication Administration Required Reading: Karch, Chapter 4 & material required by faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 9 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 3: Pharmacology and Inflammation/Infection LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology inflammation/infection as it relates to pharmacology 3. Explore the role of prostaglandins in the inflammatory process 4. Explain the purpose and process of culture and sensitivity 5. Explore medications utilized to treat disorders related to Inflammation and Infection A. Disorders B. Medications i. Classifications ii. Actions iii. Common Side Effects iv. Adverse Effects 6. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with inflammation/infection: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 7. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with inflammatory and infectious disease processes. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Pathophysiology 3. Prostaglandins 4. Culture and Sensitivity 5. Medications related to: A. Rheumatoid Arthritis B. Pain (mild-moderate) C. Infection D. Hepatitis E. Herpes Simplex Virus F. HIV 6. Classifications A. Salicylates B. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs C. Acetaminophen D. Antiarthritis Agents E. Aminoglycosides F. Cephalosporins F. Fluoroquinolones G. Penicillins NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 10  H. Sulfonamides I. Tetracyclines J. Antituberculosis K. Other Antibiotics L. Macrolides M. Antiviral Agents N. Antifungal Agents O. Anthelmintic Agents 7. Nursing Process 8. Safety Required Reading: Karch, Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16 & material required by faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 11 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 4: Pharmacology and the Cardiovascular System LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system: 3. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to treat diseases that affect the cardiovascular system: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 4. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with diseases that affect the cardiovascular system: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 5. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with diseases that affect the cardiovascular system CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Hypertension A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ii. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers iii. Calcium Channel Blockers iv. Vasodilators v. Beta Blockers vi. Diuretics 3. Heart Failure A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Cardiac Glycosides ii. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 4. Dysrhythmias A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications of antiarrhythmics i. Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I) ii. Beta-Adrenergic Receptors (Class II) iii. Potassium Channel Blockers (Class III) iv. Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV) 5. Angina NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 12  A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Nitrates ii. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers iii. Calcium Channel Blockers 6. Nursing Process 7. Safety Required Reading: Karch 43-46 and materials from faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 13 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 5: Pharmacology and the Respiratory System LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of diseases that affect the respiratory system: 3. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to treat diseases that affect the respiratory system: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 4. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with diseases that affect the respiratory system: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 5. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with diseases that affect the respiratory system. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Upper Respiratory Tract A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Antitussives ii. Decongestants (Topical & Oral) iii. Antihistamines iv. Expectorants v. Mucolytics 3. Lower Respiratory Tract A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Xanthines ii. Sympathomimetcs iii. Anticholinergics iv. Inhaled Steroids v. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists 6. Nursing Process 7. Safety Required Reading: Karch 53-55 & Material by faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 14 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 6: Pharmacology and the Gastrointestinal System LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system: 3. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to treat diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 4. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to provide nutritional support, vitamins and minerals, and weight management 5. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of of a patient with diseases affecting the gastrointestinal system: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 6. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Peptic Ulcer Disease/Gastroesophageal Disease (GERD) A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists ii. Antacids iii. Proton Pump Inhibitors iv. Gastrointestinal Protectant 3. Gastrointestinal Motility A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Chemical Stimulants ii. Bulk Stimulants iii. Osmotic Laxatives iv. Lubricants v. Gastrointestinal Stimulants iv. Antidiarrheals 4. Nausea and Vomiting A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 15  i. Phenothiazines ii. Nonphenothiazine iii. 5-HT3 Receptor Blockers 6. Vitamins A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Fat-Soluble Vitamins ii. Water Soluble Vitamins 7. Nursing Process 8. Safety Required Reading: Karch, Chapters 56-60 & required material from faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 5/16/20 bp, 04/2022 16 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 7: Pharmacology and the Endocrine System LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of diseases that affect the endocrine system 3. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to treat diseases that affect the endocrine System 4. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to regulate calcium and bone metabolism 5. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with diseases affecting the endocrine system: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 6. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patient’s with diseases that affect the endocrine system. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Thyroid Agents ii. Antithyroid Agents 3. Hypoparathyroidism and Hyperparathyriodism (Calcium disorders) A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Antihypocalcemic Agents ii. Antihypercalcemic Agents 4. Diabetes Mellitus A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Insulins ii. Sulfonylureas Iii. Biguanides iv. DDP-4 inhibitors v. Glucose elevating agents NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 17  5. Nursing Process 6. Safety Required Reading: Karch, Chapter 34, 35, 37 & 38 & required reading material by faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 18 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 8: Pharmacology and the Renal System LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of diseases that affect the renal system 3. Explore medications and other exogenous causes of renal failure. 4. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to treat diseases that affect the renal system A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 5. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with diseases affecting the renal system: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 6. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with diseases that affect the renal system. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Fluid Volume Excess A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Thiazide Diuretics ii. Loop Diuretics iii. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics iv. Osmotic Diuretics 3. Urinary Tract Antiinfectives, Antispasmodics & Analgesics A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Urinary Tract Antiinfectives ii. Urinary Tract Antispasmodic iii. Urinary Tract Analgesic 6. Nursing Process 7. Safety Required Reading: Karch Chapters 51- 52 & required material by faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 19 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 9: Pharmacology and the Autonomic and Central Nervous System LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of diseases that affect the autonomic and central nervous system 3. Discuss medications utilized to treat diseases that affect the autonomic and central nervous system: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 4. Discuss medications utilized for pain management and anesthesia A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 5. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to stimulate the central nervous system A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 6. Discuss the groups of medications utilized to treat substance abuse disorders A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 7. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with diseases affecting the autonomic and central nervous system: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 8. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with diseases that affect the autonomic and central nervous system. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Define terminology utilized in these chapters 2. Anxiety & Hypnotic Agents A. Pathophysiology NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 20  B. Classifications i. Benzodiazepines 3. Depression A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ii. Tricyclics 4. Psychotic Disorders A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Antipsychotic and Drugs for Bipolar disorders 5. Seizures A. Pathophysiology B. Classification i. Hydantoins ii. Barbiturates and similar meds 6. Parkinsonism Disease A. Pathophysiology B. Classification i. Dopaminergic Agents ii. Anticholinergics 7. Alzheimer’s Disease A. Pathophysiology B. Classification i. Cholinergic Agonists 8. Muscle Spams A. Pathophysiology B. Classification i. Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 6. Narcotics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Antimigraine A. pathophysiology B. Classification i. Narcotic Agonists ii. Narcotic Agonists-antagonists iii. Narcotic Antagonists iv. Antimigraine Agents 7. General and Local Anesthetic Agents A. Background i. General Anesthetic Agents ii. Local Anesthetic Agents 8. Nursing Process 9. Safety Required Reading: Karch Chapters 19-27 & 32 and required materials from faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 21 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 10: Pharmacology and the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of disorders that affect the hematopoietic and immune system as they relate to pharmacology. 3. Discuss the groups of medication utilized to treat disorders as relate to the hematopoietic and immune systems 4. Discuss the groups of medication utilized to enhance immunity: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 5. Discuss the groups of medication utilized for Immunizations: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 6. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with disorders that affect the hematopoietic and immune systems: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 7. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patients with disorders related to the hematopoietic and immune system. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Dyslipidemia A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ii. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors iii. Fibrates 3. Coagulation Disorders A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Antiplatelet Agents ii. Anticoagulants iii. Low Molecular Weight Heparin NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 22  4. Immunizations A. Overview B. Types: bacterial vaccines, toxoids and viral vaccinations 6. Nursing Process 7. Safety Required Reading: Karch Chapters: 47-48 & 17- 18 and required reading from faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 23 CONCEPT: Clinical Reasoning and Safety TOPIC 11: Pharmacology related to the Eyes, Ears, and Skin LEARNER OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. Define terminology utilized in this chapter. 2. Explore the pathophysiology of disorders that affect the Eyes, Ears, and Skin as they relate to pharmacology 3. Discuss the groups of medication utilized to treat Eye Disorders: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 4. Discuss the groups of medication utilized to treat Ear Disorders: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 5. Discuss the groups of medication utilized to treat Skin Disorders: A. Classifications B. Actions C. Common Side Effects D. Adverse Effects 6. Incorporate the Nursing Process in the care of a patient with disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Skin: A. Assessment B. Nursing Diagnoses C. Planning/Goals D. Nursing Interventions E. Evaluation 7. Incorporate the principles of safe medication administration to patient’s with disorders of the Eyes, Ears, and Skin. CONTENT OUTLINE: 1. Terminology 2. Eye Disorders A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Anticholinergic Medications ii. Local Anesthetic Medications iii. Beta-Blockers iv. Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonists v. Prostaglandin Analogs vi. Antibacterial Medications NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 24  vii. Antiviral Medications viii. Immunosuppressants 3. Ear Disorders A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Anti-infective, Antiseptic, Glucocorticoid, and Acidifying Agents ii. Fluoroquinolone: Ciprofloxacin ii. Penicillin: Amoxicillin iii. Adjuvant Medications 4. Skin Disorders A. Pathophysiology B. Classifications i. Antimicrobial Medications ii. Retinoids iii. Other Medications 5. Nursing Process 6. Safety Required Reading: Karch Appendix B, C & D and required reading from faculty NUR 104 – Pharmacology in Nursing 3/21/19 mm 25