2024 Review Ancient Rome PDF

Review Ancient Rome Introduction to Rome: Three major periods of Ancient Rome Creation Story: Geography of Italy: 2 mountain chains, 7 hills, Early Civilization - Etruscans, Magna Grecia, Sabine Women Social Structure 2 main groups: Plebei...

Review Ancient Rome Introduction to Rome: Three major periods of Ancient Rome Creation Story: Geography of Italy: 2 mountain chains, 7 hills, Early Civilization - Etruscans, Magna Grecia, Sabine Women Social Structure 2 main groups: Plebeians, Patricians…Much of the Roman Republic’s political history was defined by a power struggle between these two classes. The plebeians made up the Populus Romani, or the “People of Rome.” They were also the majority of soldiers in the Roman army. Vocabulary words and key people: Mare Nostrum Veni, Vidi, Vici Tarquin the Proud and Brutus family oath cursus honorum Dignitas Pater familias - law Roman Legions Punic Wars: Rome fights Carthage Hannibal Scipio Sparatus What were the final results of the Punic Wars? Political Structure: Consuls Two elected officials, Led the government and army, acted as the highest served for one year. magistrates, and had veto power over each other. Magistrates Elected officials with various Managed specific tasks like administering responsibilities (e.g., praetors-judicial, justice (praetors) or handling finances quaestors - fimamcial). (quaestors). Senate A council of wealthy and influential Advised consuls, controlled finances, and Romans, mostly former magistrates. influenced foreign and domestic policies. Assemblies Citizen groups organized by class or tribe (e.g., Voted on laws, elected magistrates, Centuriate Assembly, Tribal Assembly). and decided on war and peace.  Tribunes of Officials elected by the plebeians, with Represented plebeians, protected their the Plebs sacrosanctity (protection from harm). rights, and could veto actions by other officials. Vocabulary: magistrates: local officials who administers the law legislate: make laws Sacrosanctity Consul Cursus honorarium The Gracchi Empire Games (Netflix show) Go Through questions and answers as an overall refresher Video Lesson on Julius Caesar People to know: Julius Caesar Pomey Magnus Conspirators: Cassius, Brutus Mark Antony Ocatvian - Augustus Cleopatra Why was Caesar assassinated? When? What was the fall out of the assassination? Civil war between what groups? Civil war between Antony and Ocatvian Class Slides on Roman Culture Daily Life: How did housing conditions differ between the wealthy and the poor in Roman cities Describe the role of the family in Roman society, including the power dynamics within households- Paterfamilia Roman Amusement: Chariot Races, Amphitheaters, Baths Places where these leisure activities took place Hipodromo - Where the chariot races were held. Amphitheaters - They were oval open venues which held events such as gladiator combat and executions. Tepidarium - temperature control in the baths Caldariums - the heating system known as the furnace to heat the baths and slaves would usually take control of this. Food What were the four staples of the ancient Mediterranean diet? cereals vegetables  olive oil wine Women Sabine Women: The sabine women were the women of a tribe northeast of early rome, that were raped by the first men of rome to grow the population of rome. Vestal Virgins: The vestal virgins were a group of female virgins devoted to the goddess vesta, and obligated to maintain the everlasting flame. Honorable Women/Less Honorable: Women in ancient rome were categorized by Pudicitia, a system of categorizing women by how modest and virtuous they were. Women in Mythology (Value): Women in roman mythology were considered very virtuous. What is the significance of the Rape of the Sabine Women in understanding Roman attitudes toward women? Describe the role of women in Roman families and their legal status. Slaves Select Privilege: The idea that society was not functionable without slaves so it was a privilege to not be a slave. Slavery in the Roman World What were the main roles that slaves served in Roman society? What was the proportion of slaves in Augustan Italy compared to Roman Egypt? Architecture 1. What are 6 examples of ancient Roman architecture/engineering? Triumphal arch Roman Baths Pantheon The Forum Colosseum Aqueduct 2. Roads: (not in article) Roman Roads were important to the economy and the military of the Romans. 3. What is so special about Roman concrete? What type of leader was Augustus? 1. Augustus, from a Latin root implying either devotion to the gods or an object with divine qualities. This became his proper name, replacing Octavian. 2. Princeps, meaning “first citizen” or “first among equals,” from which the English term “prince” is derived. 3. Pater patriae, meaning “father of the country,” which to the Romans not only conjured up compassionate, protective images but also a demand for absolute respect and obedience.  4. Imperator, a well-established term that was a spontaneous acclamation bestowed by soldiers on a victorious general. It is from “imperator” that the English words “emperor” and “empire” are derived. 5. “Some stuff I did.” Emperors 1. Dynastic: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero 2. Five Good: know Trajan, Hadrian and Aurelius 3. Soldier Emperors - you don’t have to know names, rather why the army had gained such power that they could name emperors. How did one become Emperor? Dynastic - Families & Bloodlines: Closest male heir Predecessor - Qualified individual was adopted by the emperor and made his heir - Five Good Emperors Military Takeover, and militarization of the Empire. Influence of the Praetorian Guard and military on succession DOMINUS - Lord or Master formalized by Diocletian. Senate less important Crisis of the 3rd Century Problems - know at least 4 1. Size of the Empire 2. Military clashes on the frontiers of the Empire 3. Military Anarchy - The Soldier Emperors Rarely Kept the Throne for Long 4. Imperial succession - never formalized 5. Currency devaluation- the equivalent of printing money 6. The Problem of Inflation - wage and price controls 7. Christians - value system is too different 8. Diocletian’s reforms Reforms Takes Title of Dominus - Lord. Senate is less important Tetrarchy to deal with vast empire. 2 Augusti and 2 Caesars/West and East Administration - bureaucracies / offices Army Reforms Control Inflation - keep $ circulating Taxation - raise money to pay for army Intolerance towards Christianity Why is Aurelian known as Restitutor Orbis? - Religion Cult of Roman religion; temples, sacrifices (bloodless, blood), purpose of sacrifices Why did the Roman Empire persecute Christians? Persecution: systematic mistreatment, oppression or violence towards individuals/groups because of their beliefs Martyrs: people who die for their faith and thus inspire others to believe. Even many non believers were impressed by the martyrs’ faith Catacombs - burial sites Emperors that persecuted Christians; Nero (54-68 CE) - scapegoats for Great Fire of Rome 64  Decius: (249-251 CE) - Edict to perform public sacrifice Diocletian (284-305 CE) - issued a series of Edicts aimed at eradicating Christianity. Constantine the Great Who: Battle between Constantine and Maxentius (BIL) Where: Battle of Milvian Bridge near Rome Why: Fighting over control of the Western Empire Significance: Constantine’s Vision- reported a vision of a Christian symbol (Chi-Rho) with the message :In this sign, you will conquer” Conversion: Constantine embraces Christianity after victory over Maxentius. Christianity spreads quickly, throughout the empire In 313 he issued the Edict of Milan, which made Christianity legal within the empire his support for Christianity helped it to spread more rapidly through the Roman Empire What is Constantinople? Why did Constantine choose the east? The Fall of the Western Roman Empire - know at least 4 reasons What are 2 external and 2 internal factors that led to the fall of Rome?