2024 Macromolecule Notes.pdf

Chap. 2 u r p le a ll p C o p y d i n g l u Lecture 3 font ! ! i n c h l i g h t s ! ! h i g...

Chap. 2 u r p le a ll p C o p y d i n g l u Lecture 3 font ! ! i n c h l i g h t s ! ! h i g 3 yellow Part Biochemistry of Macromolecules I. Carbon Compounds: A. Macromolecules: large compounds found in living cells. 1. Polymerization: making large compounds from monomers. a. monomer: small unit b. polymer: large unit 2. 4 groups: a. Carbohydrates: C,H2,O (monomer ratio= ) 1. Main energy source a. monomer: monosaccharide b. polymer: polysaccharide 2. Indicators: benedicts: monosaccharide Iodine: polysaccharide 3. Saccharide=sugar a. monosaccharide=glucose, fructose C6H12O6 Glycosidic Bond: holds glucose molecules together b. disaccharide=glucose +glucose= maltose C12 H22 O11 Dehydration synthesis : H+ combines with OH- H2O lost c. Polysaccharide: Starch animal starch in liver: glycogen plant starch: cellulose To return to a monosaccharide… Hydrolysis: H2O molecule is added. Polysaccharide Monosaccharides b. Lipids: C & H & O (not 1:2:1) 1. Fats(triglyceride), oils and waxes 2. Store energy Ester Bond holds lipids together. a. monomer: 3 fatty acids+glycerol b. polymer: lipid Indicator: brown paper c. Nucleic Acid: C,H,O,N,P 1. Store genetic info. to make protein 2. DNA or RNA DNA bases: A,T,C,G RNA bases: A,U,C,G a. monomer: nucleotide Hydrogen Bond: b. polymer: nucleic acid holds nucleic acids together. d. Proteins: C,H,O,N 1. Control rate of reactions, regulate cell processes,form bones and muscles, and transport materials. ex. skin, hair & nails  a. monomer: amino acid b. polymer: dipeptide,protein- polypeptide chain twists & folds. 2. Indicator: biuret Peptide Bonds: link amino acids together to make a polypeptide chain. ino a m t i f ies i en d p g rou d. R u s e acid