2024 Lecture 6 Eukaryotes 1 TO POST (1) PDF

n io b tr is D Cells and Cell or Theory PROKARYOTIC CELLS  Laboratories Lab 1 officially starts this week (week of Sept 16 th) for all n...

n io b tr is D Cells and Cell or Theory PROKARYOTIC CELLS  Laboratories Lab 1 officially starts this week (week of Sept 16 th) for all n io groups (1-8). b You will not attend an in-lab session for Lab 1. tr This lab is conducted on your own, without a lab partner and is can be completed at any point before September 22nd D or Lab 1 will be delivered via the Simbio virtual lab software (details in the Lab 1 section of eClass). The access key is found in the document titled “SimUText Registration Instructions for Students (Fall 2024)” You must purchase the lab manual (via the bookstore) before lab 1 runs. Copyright York University Dept. of Biology Prokaryotes: Bacteria/Archaea n io See slides posted last week b tr is D or  The Eukaryotic Cell n io Larger b Genome tr enclosed by is nuclear envelope D Membrane- or bound organelles with specialized functions Cytoskeleton with motor proteins You should be familiar with the structures below and in chapter 7: Eukaryotic Cell Structures and n their functions io Nucleus (& nuclear lamina, nucleolus) b Ribosomes tr is Endomembrane System: D Endoplasmic Reticulum or Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Nuclear envelope/membrane Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Plasma membrane and cell wall (not peroxisomes)  n You should know io the basic structure b of tr is an animal and D plant cell or & the general structure and function of organelles © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Check out Study Area BioFlix: Tour of an Animal Cell on Mastering Biology n io b tr is D or © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Check out Study Area BioFlix: Tour of a Plant Cell on Mastering n io b tr is D or Membrane Bound n io Organelles b Increase the amount of tr membrane is solve the surface area D to volume problem or Increased capacity for membrane-requiring reactions Create compartments specialization of function Molecules are constantly moving around the cell, into and out of the cell, and between n different structures. io b tr is D or  The Nucleus holds the nuclear genome n Separates our io hereditary material from the b tr rest of the cell. is Surrounded by a D or double membrane (2 lipid bilayers) = nuclear envelope Nuclear Pore Complexes are embedded in the Nuclear Envelope n io b tr is D or Multiprotein complex Controls traffic between cytoplasm and nucleus  Larger molecules can be targeted to the nucleus n io Is there a signal and if so, where b is it? tr is D or Signal Sequences help Regulate Traffic between Nucleus and Cytoplasm n io b Into Nucleus: tr Nuclear is Localization Signal D (NLS) or Out of Nucleus: Nuclear Export Signal (NES) The NLS is part of the protein – a specific amino acid sequence *Other proteins are also involved  The Endomembrane System has many functions Collection of interrelated membranous sacs and n tubules that divide the cell into functional and io structural compartments. b Functions : tr is 1. Synthesis, modification, transport and D secretion of proteins or 2. Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of toxins 3. Transportation and breakdown (digesting) of large biomolecule-containing particles. Membranes are so similar they are either directly connected or can fuse portions of their membrane with each other.  Endomembrane System Evolution n io b Hypothesis: all tr is these “related” D membranes were or derived from the the plasma membrane Copyright York University Dept. of Biology Different parts of the endomembrane system require specific proteins n io b tr is D or Author: Mariana Ruiz Villarreal LadyofHats How do proteins move from one compartment to another? n io b tr is D or  Often, Vesicles are the delivery guys. n io Membrane enclosed sacs b Eg Connect ER with Golgi, tr is Golgi with plasma D membrane & lysosomes, or plasma membrane with lysosomes, etc