Building Utilities 1 - Plumbing and Sanitary Systems PDF

Building Utilities 1 - Plumbing and Sanitary Systems PLUMBING VENTILATION BS Architecture 2A & B 1st Semester, A.Y. 2024 - 2025 Arch’t. JERMEL DICHOSO-GRULLA Assistant Professor III - That portion of the of the drainage pipe...

Building Utilities 1 - Plumbing and Sanitary Systems PLUMBING VENTILATION BS Architecture 2A & B 1st Semester, A.Y. 2024 - 2025 Arch’t. JERMEL DICHOSO-GRULLA Assistant Professor III - That portion of the of the drainage pipe installation intended to maintain a balanced atmospheric pressure inside the system in order to prevent problems like: 1. Trap seal loss 2. Retardation of flow 3. Deterioration of the materials - In earlier years, plumbing was not considered a scientific industry but with the rise of large buildings and the growing congestion in cities and urban areas, plumbing practices was developed to a scientific level - Ventilating a drainage system requires a thorough knowledge of the natural laws such as: 1. The principles governing the atmosphere 2. The principles of gravity 3. The principles of siphon, pressure and vacuum which must be correlated with the vent pipe - Tests conducted on plumbing ventilation showed that a waste pipe of smaller diameter could serve more fixtures if a balanced atmospheric pressure is maintained inside the plumbing system at all times TRAP SEAL LOSS - Among the common serious problems being encountered in a drainage system - The direct effect of the minus and plus pressure inside the system as long as ventilation of traps continues to be inadequate - May be attributed to the following conditions: 1. Siphonage 2. Back pressure 3. Evaporation – Considered a minor problem and is less probable to drain the water inside the trap since evaporation only happens on floor drains that are not regularly used 4. Capillary action – Caused by foreign objects like thread or string suspended and extended over the outlet arm of the trap 5. Wind effect RETARDATION OF FLOW - Due to the effect of atmospheric pressure or gravity - Example is an experience of pouring milk from a can. - This principle is adopted in the plumbing system by providing ventilation pipes to equalize or balance the atmospheric pressure inside the piping installation  VENTILATING THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM - a plumber can adopt many ways and forms of ventilation in the plumbing system which depends upon the location of the fixtures or how they are combined or grouped - various methods of ventilation could be adopted for the sake of economy  Types of Ventilation in the Plumbing System: 1. Main and Soil Vent 2. Main Vent 3. Individual Vent 4. Unit Vent 5. Circuit or Loop Vent 6. Relief Vent 7. Looped Vent 8. Wet Ventilation 1. Main and Soil Vent – That portion of the soil stack above the highest installed fixture branch extending through the roof – serves as the terminal for the main vent and other vents of the plumbing system 2. Main Vent – That portion of the vent pipe system serving as terminal for the smaller forms of individual and grouped fixture trap ventilation; sometimes referred to as Collecting Vent Line – Should extend undiminished in size above the roof or shall be connected with the main soil vent at least 100cm above the highest fixture branch – Also serves as a relief vent for any back pressure 3. Individual Vent – That portion of the vent pipe system which serves a single trap; – sometimes referred to as Back Vent – is so far the most effective means of vent for fixture trap to prevent minus or plus pressure 4. Unit Vent – That portion of a vent pipe system which ventilates t w o f i x t u re t ra p s t h a t discharges into a sanitary cross with deflectors. – Classified as another form of individual vent with i d e nt i ca l fo r m o f b a c k venting having the same principles in function – Common to fixture traps serving apartment and hotel toilets particularly on f i x t u re s w i t h i d e nt i ca l p o s i t i o n a n d measurements  Sanitary cross – a type of pipe cross used as a fitting for a soil pipe; designed with a slight curve in each of the 90° transitions so as to channel flow from branch lines toward the direction of the main flow 5. Circuit or Loop Vent – Employed where two or more fixture traps are installed on a horizontal soil or waste branch. – Use of this generally reduces the cost of plumbing installation – Commonly used in modern buildings which demand more facilities and a battery of fixtures are installed o Circuit vent – a branch vent which serves two or more traps and extends in front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack. o Battery of fixtures – any group of two or more similar adjacent plumbing fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch 6. Relief Vent – A branch from the vent stack, connected to a horizontal branch between the fixture branch and the soil or waste stack, whose primary function is to provide for circulation of air between the vent stack and the soil or waste stack – Installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the connecting branches rather than the fixture trap – Provided for waste branches which are circuit vented – Installed at 3 to 5 floor intervals on long vertical soil pipe. In this manner, the relief vent is referred to as Yoke or By-Pass Ventilation. 7. Looped Vent – a vent arranged for a group of plumbing fixtures, consists of a vent pipe which is connected to the waste or soil branch immediately before the first fixture of the group and immediately before the last fixture of the group; the two connections are then looped together and connected to the same as a circuit vent except that it loops back and connects with an extension of the soil stack instead of separate vent stack. – A type of ventilation used on fixtures in a room away from partitions – Common to beauty parlors, barber shops, dental clinics and operating rooms 8. Wet Ventilation – That portion of the vent pipe system where liquid wastes regularly flows – It is not advisable to drain a kitchen sink or similar fixtures into this line considering the kind and variety of waste matter it discharges – Use of this is discouraged because of the doubt and fear that a minus pressure may be developed when a large amount of discharges from the upper floor fixtures form a slug like inside the pipe compressing the air down the house drain  QUESTIONS? CLARIFICATIONS? THANK YOU!