Social Mobility and Class PDF

Davis - Moore Hypothesis: ensures difficult but necessary positions or careers in society are filled, and the person who does them is rewarded. Social Mobility: is defined by Davis and Moore. It is the ability to change stratification. Intergenerational mobility: child's ability to improve social r...

Davis - Moore Hypothesis: ensures difficult but necessary positions or careers in society are filled, and the person who does them is rewarded. Social Mobility: is defined by Davis and Moore. It is the ability to change stratification. Intergenerational mobility: child's ability to improve social ranking because of parents. Intragenerational mobility: ability to change social ranking based on own means. Vertical Mobility: moving up or down in social ranking. Horizontal Mobility: moving across social ranks to a similar position in different fields. Open Systems: possible to improve social position. Closed Systems: hard to improve social position because of legal rights to mobility. Gini Coefficient: inequality is measured by income or wealth distribution. Life Chances: defined by Weber and Goldthorpe. Class origin determines how many opportunities an individual is given to advance up the social ladder. Absolute Poverty: measured by universal standard of need for necessities. Relative Poverty: measured relative to other members of society. Low Income Measure: half the median family income is adjusted for family size. Low Income Cut-Off: % of income spent on necessities. Food Desert: defined by Senett and Cobb. Area without access to food required for a healthy diet. Under Class: defined by Myrdal. Being stuck in a position of poverty with few prospects of getting out. Culture of Poverty: defined by oscar lewis. Behavioural patterns of urban poor that left them ill-suited to urban life. Poverty Trap: self-reinforcing mechanism that makes it hard to escape poverty. Differential Association: Crimes learned by associating with other criminals. Term is defined by Edward Sutherland.