20 Name Reactions PDF

# PRATHAM 2.0 - Starting 9 Dec - Next 45 Days - SQP **PCM में 90+ GUARANTEED** # Haloalkanes and Haloarenes # Finkelstein Reaction - $X=Cl,Br$ - Dry acetone $R-X + NaI \rightleftharpoons R-I + NaX$ - Dry ether $C_2H_5-Cl + NaI \rightleftharpoons C_2H_5-I + NaCl$ **Trick:** Finkelstein में NaI कर...

# PRATHAM 2.0 - Starting 9 Dec - Next 45 Days - SQP **PCM में 90+ GUARANTEED** # Haloalkanes and Haloarenes # Finkelstein Reaction - $X=Cl,Br$ - Dry acetone $R-X + NaI \rightleftharpoons R-I + NaX$ - Dry ether $C_2H_5-Cl + NaI \rightleftharpoons C_2H_5-I + NaCl$ **Trick:** Finkelstein में NaI करेगा Swap # Fly # Swarts Reaction $R-X + AgF \rightleftharpoons R-F + AgX$ $C_2H_5-Br + AgF \rightleftharpoons C_2H_5-F + AgBr$ # Markovnikov's Rule - $CH_2 = CH_2 + HX \longrightarrow CH_2 - CH_2$ - Unsymmetrical Alkene - $CH_3 - CH = CH_2 + HQ \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH - CH_3$ - $CH_3 - C = CH_2 + HBr \longrightarrow CH_3-C-CH_3$ # Anti-Markovnikov's Rule - or Kharasch Effect or Peroxide Effect - Unsymmetrical Alkene - HBr + Peroxide - Peroxide = Benzoyl Peroxide = C-O-O-C - Trick: - नत्थू = N-ve - हरा = Higher Hydrogen - $CH_3 - CH = CH_2 + HBr \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH_2 - CH_2$ # Sandmeyer reaction - $N_2^+Cl^- + H_2 O$ - $CuCl \longrightarrow \vartheta + N_2 + HCl$ - $CuBr \longrightarrow \vartheta + N_2 + HCl$ - D.C में Sand में Salt डाला # Gattermann Reaction - $N_2^+Cl^- + H_2 O$ - $Cu Powder \longrightarrow \vartheta + N_2 + HCl$ - $Cu Powder \longrightarrow \vartheta + N_2 + HCl$ - D.C में Gatter में Cu Powder डाला # Dow's Process - $ \vartheta + NaOH \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - 623 K temp, 300 atm pressure - D.C.P = Dow's Process, Chlorobenzene, Phenol - $ \vartheta$ = Sodium Phenoxide - 623 K temp, 300 atm - i) NaOH - ii) H_2O # Wurtz Reaction - $R-X + 2Na + X-R \longrightarrow R-R + 2NaX$ - dry ether - W.A = Wurtz Reaction - $C_2H_5Cl + 2Na + ClC_2H_5 \longrightarrow C_4H_{10} + 2NaCl$ - dry ether # Fittig Reaction - $ \vartheta + 2Na + X \vartheta \longrightarrow \vartheta + 2NaX$ - $C_6 H_5Br + 2Na + BrC_6H_5 \longrightarrow \vartheta + 2NaBr$ - dry ether - F.B = Fittig Reaction # Wurtz-Fittig Reaction - $R-X + 2Na + X-R \longrightarrow \vartheta + 2NaX$ - dry ether - $C_6H_5Br + 2Na + BrC_6H_5 \longrightarrow (C_6H_5)_2 +2NaBr$ - dry ether # Alchohols, Phenols and Ethers # Hydration of Alkene - Direct Hydration - Markovnikov's rule - Reagent used - $ CH_2 = CH_2 + H_2O \longrightarrow CH_2 - CH_3$ - $CH_3 - CH = CH_2 + H_2O \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH - CH_3$ - $CH_3 - CH = CH_2 + H_2O \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH - CH_3$ # Hydroboration Oxidation of Alkene - Indirect Hydration - Anti-Markovnikov's rule follow - Reagent used - $BH_3, THF$ - $H_2 O_2, OH^-$ - $CH_3 - CH = CH_2 \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH_2 - CH_2$ # Cumene Process - $ \vartheta + O_2 \longrightarrow \vartheta $ - Isopropyl Benze - Aerial oxidation - $ \vartheta + H_2O \longrightarrow \vartheta + C_6H_5COCH_3 $ # Kolbe's Reaction - Convert Phenol into Salicylic Acid - $ \vartheta + CO_2 \longrightarrow \vartheta $ - i) NaOH - ii) H+ - Kolbe की Car में रमतु का आलू - $ \vartheta$= Salicylic acid - or o-Hydroxy benzoic acid # Reimer-Tiemann Reaction - Convert Phenol into Salicyldehyde - $ \vartheta + CHCl_3 \longrightarrow \vartheta $ - i) NaOH - ii) H+ - $ \vartheta$= Salicyldehyde - or o-Hydroxy benzaldehyde # Bromination of Phenol - $ \vartheta + Br_2 + H_2O \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - $ \vartheta $= 2,4,6-Tribromo Phenol - (white ppt) # Nitration of Phenol - $ \vartheta + 3HNO_3 \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - conc. $H_2SO_4$ - $ \vartheta$ = 2,4,6-Trinitro Phenol - (Picric acid) # Williamson Synthesis - $RONa + R-X \longrightarrow R-O-R + NaX$ - SN² Mechanism - $C_2H_5-ONa + CH_3-CH_2Br \longrightarrow (CH_3)_2-O-CH_2CH_3 + NaCl$ - Ethoxy Ethane - $CH_3-CH_2C-CH_3 + C_2H_5-ONa \longrightarrow CH_3-CH=CH_2 + C_3H_7OH $ # Aldehyde, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids # Rosenmund Reduction - $RCOCl + H_2 \longrightarrow R-CHO$ - Pd-BaSO_4 - Poisoned by sulphur - $C_6H_5COCl + H_2 \longrightarrow C_6H_5CHO$ <start_of_image> Cs-C-CH3 # Stephen Reduction - Cyanide - $R-CEN + 2H \longrightarrow R-CHO + NH_3$ - i) SnCl_2, HCl - ii) H_3O^+ - $C_6H5-CEN \longrightarrow C_6H_5-CHO $ - i) SnCl_2, HCl - ii) H_3O^+ # Gattermann-Koch Reaction - $ \vartheta + CO + HCl \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - Anhydrous AlCl_3 - Gattermann को Al, CO, HCl दे दो # Etard Reaction - तोतले Benzal Crow मिलेगा कल - $ \vartheta + CrO_2Cl_2 \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - i) $CrO_2Cl_2$ - ii) H_3O^+ # Clemmensen Reduction - $CH_3-C-H \longrightarrow CH_3-CH_3$ - Zn-Hg, HCl - $CH_3-C-CH_3 \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH_2 - CH_3$ - Zn-Hg, HCl - $CH_3 - C - CH_3 \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH_2 - CH_3$ - Zn-Hg, HCl # Wolf-Kishner Reduction - $CH_3-C-CH_3 \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH_2 - CH_3$ - $NH_2 - NH_2, KOH$ - Ethylene glycol - $CH_3-C-H \longrightarrow CH_3 - CH_3$ - $NH_2 - NH_2, KOH$ - AK चला = Aldehyde, Ketone, Hydrocarbon # Aldol Condensation Reaction - $CH_3-C=O + H_3C-C=O \longrightarrow CH_3-C=CH-C=O + H_2O $ - Carbonyl group must have a-Hydrogens - dil. NaOH - $CH_3-C=O + CH_3-C=O \longrightarrow CH_3-C=CH-C=O $ - dil. NaOH # Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction - $CH_3-C= + CH_3-C=O \longrightarrow CH_3 - C = CH - C = O + CH_3 - C = CH - C = O $ - dil. NaOH - $ CH_3 - C = (CH - C = O + CH_3 - C = (CH - C = O $ # Cannizzaro Reaction - Aldehyde have no a-Hydrogens - Reagent used - conc. NaOH / conc. KOH - Disproportionation Rxn - Self Oxi + Self Red - $2( \vartheta + CHO) + conc NaOH \longrightarrow \vartheta + CH_2OH + \vartheta + COONa $ - $2(CH_3 - C - CHO) + conc KOH \longrightarrow CH_3 - C - CH_2OH + CH_3 - C - COOK$ # HVZ Reaction - (Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction) - $CH_3-COOH + Br_2 \longrightarrow CH_3-COOH + HBr $ - $CH_3-COOH + H_2O \longrightarrow CH_3-COOH + HBr$ - Hello Veer, 2° Car ki Halogenation कर = give # Amines # Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation - H.B.D - $RCONH_2 + Br_2 + 4KOH \longrightarrow R-NH_2 + 2H_2O + 2KBr +K_2CO_3$ - $C_2H_5-CONH_2 + Br_2 + 4NaOH \longrightarrow C_2H_5-NH_2$ - $ \vartheta + CONH_2 \longrightarrow \vartheta + NH_2 $ # Carbyl Amines Reaction - Car में अमित को लनु सुधा के Basement में ले जा.. - This Rxn can be used as a confirmatory Test for 1° amine. - $R-NH_2 + CHCl_3 + 3KOH \longrightarrow R-NC + 3KCl + 3H_2O$ - $C_2H_5-NH_2 + CHCl_3 + 3KOH \longrightarrow C_2H_5-NC + 3KCl + 3H_2O$ - $ \vartheta + NH_2 + CHCl_3 + 3KOH \longrightarrow \vartheta + NC + 3KCl + 3H_2O$ # Diazohtization Reaction - Anil को D.C बनाना है - $ \vartheta + HONO + HCl \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - 0-5°C - $ \vartheta + NaNO_2 + 2HCl \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - 273-278 K # Coupling Reaction - $ \vartheta + \vartheta \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - p-Hydroxy azo benzene - $ \vartheta + \vartheta \longrightarrow \vartheta$ - p-Amino azo benzene # Thank You - *This is a description of the images provided. Not the image itself.* - *The images are related to organic chemistry and chemical reactions.* - *The text seems to be written in Hindi.*