9th Grade Science - Respiratory System PDF

9TH GRADE SCIENCE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM group of organs and tissues working together to enable us to breathe 01 FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM transport air into the lungs facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstrea...

9TH GRADE SCIENCE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM group of organs and tissues working together to enable us to breathe 01 FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM transport air into the lungs facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream pick up waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhale it 02 PARTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 2.1 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM NASAL CAVITY where the air first enters  2.1 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM NASAL CAVITY hair in nostrils filter and trap the big dust and dirt particles cilia trap smaller units of dust and bacteria from the air that enters the nose  2.1 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHARYNX chamber where the passages from nose and mouth meets divided into two passageways, one passageway leads to esophagus, the other to the “THROAT” larynx  EPIGLOTTIS prevents the food from entering the trachea 2.1 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LARYNX muscular organ that acts as passageway for air into the lungs and a source of “VOICEBOX” vocalization 2.1 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LARNYX made up of hyoid b o n e a n d cartilage which helps regulate the air flow  2.2 LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TRACHEA main passageway from larynx to the lungs and branching into the bronchi made up of rings of cartilage that prevents trachea from collapsing during inhalation “WINDPIPE” and widens in order for more air to be inhaled 2.2 LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BRONCHIAL TUBES two air tubes that carry air directly into the lungs 2.2 LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BRONCHIOLES narrow tubes with a diameter of less than 1mm doesn’t have cartilage  2.2 LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ALVEOLI permit the exchange of gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide surrounded by a network of capillaries there are approximately 3 million alveoli  2.2 LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DIAPHRAGM dome shapes muscle at the bottom of the lungs main muscle used in breathing 3 RESPIRATION exchange of oxygen from the environment and carbon dioxide from the body’s cell 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING IN Also known as inhalation or inspiration Diaphragm contracts and moves downward 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING IN Lungs expand Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract to pull the ribcage both u p w a r d a n d outward 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING IN Oxygen from the air passes to the surrounding capillaries where red blood cells help move oxygen from the air sacs to the blood Carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the air sacs 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING OUT Also known as exhalation or expiration Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward into the chest cavity 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING OUT Intercostal muscles relax to reduce the space in the chest cavity Chest cavity gets smaller, forcing the air rich in carbon dioxide out of the lungs  RESPIRATION Most people breathe from 12-15 breaths per minute which may increase or decrease by the activities like exercise and emotion. Breathing is done by muscles in between the ribs called as intercostal muscles and diaphragm  A respiratory control center at the base of the brain controls breathing through sending signals Breathing center at the base of the brain monitors the pH of blood. When it detects drop in the blood pH, it sends signal to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to trigger deeper breathing and for the carbon dioxide content of blood to drop. 3 RESPIRATION exchange of oxygen from the environment and carbon dioxide from the body’s cell 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING IN Also known as inhalation or inspiration Diaphragm contracts and moves downward 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING IN Lungs expand Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract to pull the ribcage both u p w a r d a n d outward 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING IN Oxygen from the air passes to the surrounding capillaries where red blood cells help move oxygen from the air sacs to the blood Carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the air sacs 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING OUT Also known as exhalation or expiration Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward into the chest cavity 4 BREATING MECHANISM BREATHING OUT Intercostal muscles relax to reduce the space in the chest cavity Chest cavity gets smaller, forcing the air rich in carbon dioxide out of the lungs  RESPIRATION Most people breathe from 12-15 breaths per minute which may increase or decrease by the activities like exercise and emotion. Breathing is done by muscles in between the ribs called as intercostal muscles and diaphragm  A respiratory control center at the base of the brain controls breathing through sending signalsA Breathing center at the base of the brain monitors the pH of blood. When it detects drop in the blood pH, it sends signal to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to trigger deeper breathing and for the carbon dioxide content of blood to drop.  9TH GRADE SCIENCE DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Asthma widespread narrowing of bronchial airways leading to cough, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Asthma due to exposure to allergens, drugs, exertion, emotion, infection, and air pollution 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Bronchitis c a u s e d b y viruses and bacteria 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Bronchitis causes coughing, production of mucus, and narrowing of the bronchi due to contraction 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Emphysema alveoli of the lungs are enlarged and damaged, reducing the surface area for gas exchange 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Emphysema causes breathlessness/ severe breathing difficulty 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pneumonia inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pneumonia air sacs become filled with inflammatory cells and the lung becomes solid 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pneumonia symptoms include fever, malaise, headaches, together with cough and chest pain 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Hay Fever allergy due to p o l l e n o f grasses, trees 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Hay Fever inflammation of nose lining and sometimes of the conjunctiva/ inner surface of eyelids 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Hay Fever symptoms include sneezing, running, blocked nose, watering of eyes 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pleurisy inflammation of pleura due to pneumonia in the underlying lung 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pleurisy shiny and slippery pleural surfaces become sticky causing pain or deep breathing 5 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Coronavirus Disease new disease comes from a type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, and tiredness