Year 8 Science - Body Systems (Respiratory System) PDF

Body Systems Year 8 Science- Body Systems Body Systems: Topic 1: The Respiratory System Topic 2: The Circulatory System CAT 2: Body Systems Practical Investigation The Respiratory System Year 8 Science- Body Systems Learning Success Criteria Learning Intentions/s...

Body Systems Year 8 Science- Body Systems Body Systems: Topic 1: The Respiratory System Topic 2: The Circulatory System CAT 2: Body Systems Practical Investigation The Respiratory System Year 8 Science- Body Systems Learning Success Criteria Learning Intentions/s Activities  Explain the · Name the structures Pretest: Body structure and of the respiratory Systems Quiz function of the system Stile: respiratory · Identify the muscle Introduction: A system movements that cold-blooded  Describe the make us breathe killer process of gas · Explain how oxygen 1.1 – The exchange and carbon dioxide respiratory exchange in the system lungs 1.2 – Make a model lung 1.3&1.4 – Mean, median, mode for lung capacity Why do we need to breathe? In order to get energy to function, cells need 2 things: 1. Glucose (from the food we eat) 2. Oxygen (from the air we breathe) Oxygen + Glucose > Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy Respiration: Process of releasing energy from glucose. Functions of the Respiratory System 1. To transport air to the lungs 2. To transfer oxygen to the blood 3. Remove carbon dioxide from the blood 4. Expel heat and water vapor 5. The vocal cords allow us to speak when air is exhaled Predict! What is the pathway of oxygen through the respiratory system? Create a flowchart using the structures below. Bronchioles Bronchi Alveoli Mouth Nose Epiglottis Lungs Trachea Predict! Create a flowchart using the structures below. Outside Nasal cavity Pharynx environment Bronchi Trachea Larynx Capillaries and into body cells via Bronchioles Alveoli cardiovascular system Structures of the Respiratory System: Nasal We do mostCavity of our breathing in through our nose where: 1. The air is warmed, moistened and cleaned. 2. Large dust particles are filtered out by hairs inside our nostrils. 3. Finer particles are trapped by mucus and tiny hairs called cilia. Structures of the Respiratory System: Wind-pipe topasses 1. Warm moist air then thethrough lungsthe trachea (wind-pipe) 2. The trachea branches into 2 bronchi 3. The bronchi then divide and divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles 4. The bronchioles eventually end in a cluster of sacs called alveoli in the lungs Structures of the Respiratory System: The Alveoli The alveoli are microscopic. Lungs contains about 500 million alveoli. Alveoli provides a very large surface area which easily enables gas exchange between the lungs and blood. Structures of the Respiratory System: Pleura Pleura and Diaphragm Diaphragm Covers each lung Smooth muscle Creates a fluid-filled gap Contracts & relaxes to aid between the membrane and breathing each lung Movement changes size of lung Allows expansion & contraction cavity, forcing air into or out of with each breath the lungs (breathing) Reduces friction between the lung & surrounding body tissue Recall – Brainstorm What are the structures that make up the Respiratory System? MUST: Draw and label the respiratory system with the following structures: Bronchioles Trachea Bronchi Pleura Alveoli Diaphragm SHOULD: Mouth Draw the pathway of Nose oxygen and carbon Epiglottis dioxide into and out Lungs of the lungs.  Breathing Breathing is involuntary Breathing in: muscles between ribs and diaphragm (sheet of muscle that separates chest from abdomen) contracts. Increases space in lung and decreases air pressure in it which causes air to come in. Breathing out: muscles relax, space in lung decreases and air pressure increases which pushes air out.  Gas Exchange Walls of alveoli are only one cell thick and are surrounded by capillaries Oxygen diffuses across to the blood and into red blood cells. Flow of blood carries oxygen to cells which require oxygen.  Gas Exchange Cells use oxygen to release energy from food In process, Carbon Dioxide is produced Carbon dioxide is passed into blood and into the alveolus It then leaves your body when you breathe out Medical conditions and Gas Exchange Gas exchange in the alveoli is strongly affected by medical conditions that affect the lungs Thunderstorm Asthma Pulmonary Edema Covid-19 When the body reacts to Is a condition is a respiratory allergens, the bronchi caused by too much infection in the and bronchioles airways and lungs fluid in the lungs. constrict (get that produces This fluid collects in smaller). This affects mucous, shortness of the amount of air the alveoli, making breath, chest that can enter the it difficult for gas tightness and alveoli and go exchange to occur. wheezing when you through gas exhale. exchange.  Diffusion 2-way diffusion occurs across the walls of the alveoli and capillaries as they both have very thin walls (just one cell thickness) Molecules move from an area of high concentration (high in O2 or CO2 – depending on the location) to an area of low concentration  Lung Volume Lungs have different levels of capacity for holding air from inspiration and for expelling air by expiration These vary according to health, fitness and activity level of an individual Tasks 2.1 – Make a model lung 2.2 – The respiratory system Lesson Reflection Success Criteria​ Confidence Rating /5 · Name the structures ​ of the respiratory system · Identify the muscle movements that make us breathe · Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs