Effects of Volcanic Eruption (Week 2) PDF

9 Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION (WEEK 2) Quarter 3 – Module 2: EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Second Edition, Revised 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippi...

9 Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION (WEEK 2) Quarter 3 – Module 2: EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Second Edition, Revised 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Cebu City Division Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, EdD Development Team of the Module Writer: Ian Daryl D. Tirol, Teacher III, PASIL NIGHT HIGH SCHOOL Content Editors: Neil Adrian A. Angtud, School Head, Sinsin National High School Florenda G. Yap DevEdD, Master Teacher II - Assistant Principal, Apas National High School Arnolfa A. Demilletes, Principal I, Sirao Integrated School Dr. Deogenes Adoptante, Principal I, OPRRA National High School Language Editor: Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Mem. E.S. Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assist. Schools Division Superintendent Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-SCIENCE Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095 E-mail Address: [email protected]  Module EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION 2 What I Need to Know Hello students! Your knowledge about volcanoes is continuously growing. In fact, in the previous module you were introduced to the various types of volcanoes based on their cones, record of eruption, external parts of the volcano and the factors that affect the shape of the volcanic cone. You have learned a lot so far! Studying this module will certainly increase your understanding on the positive and negative effects of volcanic eruption. LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. In this module, you are expected to learn the following: Recognize the various signs of impeding volcanic eruption Know the positive and negative effects of volcanic eruption Familiarize the DOs and DON’Ts prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions What I Know PRE-ASSESSMENT Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate paper. 1. When did Mount Pinatubo erupt? A. June 15, 1991 C. June 17, 1991 B. June 16, 1991 D. June 18, 1991 2. Why does the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo have a positive effect to the world? The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo has a positive effect to the world because _______. A. There was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years. B. The aerosol particles from the plume were spread by the strong winds around the globe. C. The eruption seemed magnificent to watch that it attracts foreigners to observe this phenomenon. D. All of the above 1 3. The following are the positive effect after an eruption of volcano happens EXCEPT A. decrease population B. creation of beautiful scenery C. produce rich soils for farming D. decrease of Earth’s atmospheric temperature 4. What happens when ash and mud from an eruption mixes with rain? A. erosion B. flood C. lahar D. siltation 5. What type of energy is produced when a turbine moves due to the released of steam during an eruption? A. hydropower energy C. solar energy B. geothermal energy D. wind energy 6. Which of the following statements is NOT a clear sign of an impending volcanic eruption? A. Increase in the temperature of hot springs and wells. B. Localized landslides from the summit area of the volcano. C. Continuous flow of water in springs or wells around the volcano. D. Crater glows due to the presence of magma at or near the crater. 7. If you are living near a volcano, you notice that there is an increase of drying up of vegetation on the upper slope of the volcano. What can you immediately infer with this matter? A. You need to evacuate the area immediately. B. The volcano will erupt soon, evacuation must be done. C. Go straight to the upper slope of the volcano and water the drying vegetation. D. Immediately get your selfie stick and smile. It is a perfect view for a selfie and post on social media. 8. Which Philippine government agency tasked to monitor earthquakes and volcanoes in the country? A. DSWD B. DOH C. PHILHEALTH D. PHIVOLCS 9. Which of the following is/are clear sign/s of an impending eruption of volcano? I. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano II. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds and occurrence of volcanic tremors. III. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash. IV. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's upper slopes. A. I only B. I & III C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV 2  10. What should you do if the temperature of hot spring where you and your friends are swimming suddenly increases? A. Do not panic and evacuate the place immediately. B. Relax and enjoy the calming effect of the hot spring. C. Get out from the hot spring and check other signs of impending volcanic eruption. D. None of the above For nos. 11 – 15, identify each sentence if it is done prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions. Choose A if the statement is done before volcanic eruption, B if the statement is done during volcanic eruption, C if the statement is done after volcanic eruption, and D if the statement is not applicable whether it is done prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions. A = done before volcanic eruption C = done after volcanic eruption B = done during volcanic eruption D = not applicable 11. Seek shelter indoors and cover especially when there is rockfall. 12. Clean the house wearing masks to avoid inhalation of ash and volcanic debris. 13. Prioritize the safety of children and elderly before other things. 14. Monitor alert levels via television or battery-operated radio transistors in case of power loss. 15. Record every situation that is happening during eruption of volcano. Lesson POSITIVE & NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF 1 VOLCANIC ERUPTION What’s In DIRECTIONS: Read and understand the common signs that a volcano is going to erupt. Are you prepared? Signs of an impending volcanic eruption According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the government agency tasked with monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes in the country, the following are commonly observed signs that a volcano is about to erupt. These may vary from one volcano to another. 1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds and occurrence of volcanic tremors. 2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash. 3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater. 4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma intrusion. 3  5. Localized landslides, rockfalls and landslides from the summit area which not attributable to heavy rains. 6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's upper slopes. 7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells (e.g., Bulusan and Canlaon) and crater lake (e.g., Taal) near the volcano. 8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the vicinity of the volcano. 9. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano; and 10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones; appearance of solfataras. Mentioned above are the signs that a volcanic eruption is about to happen. What happen to the area after a volcanic eruption? Will there be a positive effect of volcanic eruption? Continue studying this module to find out. What’s New DIRECTIONS: Complete the table by indicating the negative and positive effects of volcanic eruption. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. NEGATIVE EFFECTS POSITIVE EFFECTS 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. What is It Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. It can cause loss of lives and properties. As the lava flows or pyroclastic materials are ejected in the air, they can destroy anything in their way. It has a good and a bad side. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo on June 15, 1991, one of the longest volcanic eruptions, has caused the decrease in the Earth’s surface temperature for almost two years. The strong winds during its eruption spread the aerosol Source: Science 9 Learners’ particles from the plume around the globe. The result was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years. Volcanoes also affect people positively. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo Volcano has created spectacular scenery in its wake. Likewise, the eruption of Musuan Volcano in Bukidnon has produced very rich soils for farming years after its eruption in 1867. People became creative also by making earthenware out of the ashfall from the Pinatubo Volcano eruption. 4  Despite the advantages that people get from volcanic eruption, the major concern now is how to reduce the negative effects of disasters to reduce loss and save lives. Source: Science 9 Learners’ Manual Listed below are additional positive and negative effects of volcanic eruption. POSITIVE EFFECTS Geothermal energy is where heat from within the Earth is used to generate electricity. It can be generated in areas where magma lies close to the surface. This is good for increasing our renewable energy use. Volcanoes attract many tourists, who enjoy the dramatic scenery that they produce. Income to an area is created by tourists because the dramatic scenery created by volcanic eruptions attracts tourists. Lava and Ash deposited during an eruption breaks down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil this creates very fertile soil which is good for agriculture. The steam that is released during an eruption could be utilized to move the turbine that could produce energy. This is called geothermal energy. NEGATIVE EFFECTS Volcanoes are dangerous. They can kill people and damage property. Economic activity can suffer as it is hard for businesses to operate after an eruption. Habitats and landscapes are damaged by lava flows. Many lives can be lost because of a volcanic eruption. Deadly and devastating Lahars are made when ash and mud from an eruption mix with rain or melting snow making fast moving mud flows. Lahars and Lava flows can destroy settlements and clear areas of woodland and agriculture with its fast flowing and temperatures over 400°C. Human and natural landscapes can be destroyed and changed forever. Man-made and natural landscapes can be destroyed and will be changed forever. When ash and mud from the eruption is mixed with rainwater or melting snow, rapid mudflows are produced. This can also trigger flash floods, and rock fall. 5  Countless lives will be lost due to the eruption. As volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena, they will always be part of our lives; hence, it is beneficial to know the DOs and DON’Ts prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions. BEFORE Be aware of the dangers brought about by volcanic eruption. Familiarize yourself with the alert levels for you to act out immediately. Prepare necessary things such as food, medicine, water, blanket and clothing, and secure important documents that you need to bring if the government requires you to evacuate. DO NOT hesitate to leave your houses – your lives are more important than your properties! Prepare other life-saving devices such as cell phones, flashlights, whistles, and gas masks as volcanic eruptions are accompanied by ash falls and other pyroclastic materials. Prioritize the safety of children and elderly before other things. In as early as alert level 2, take them to your friends and relatives living in farther places. DURING If you are outdoors: Seek shelter indoors and cover especially when there is rockfall. Avoid low-lying places as lahar and lava flows are more likely to run down through that area. If you can drive rather than walk, use your vehicle to evacuate. Keep all windows closed while driving and be aware of usual hazards in the road. If you are indoors: Close all windows, doors, fireplace, and other house openings. Monitor alert levels via television or battery-operated radio transistors in case of power loss. Cover your nose and mouth with masks to avoid breathing in ashes. Bring pets and livestock in to closed shelter – their safety is also one of our concerns. Stay inside your house unless authorities tell you to evacuate. AFTER Check the entire house, the walls, the roofs, and electrical wirings; earthquakes, increased temperature, and other volcanic-related activities might affect the stability of the building. Clean the house wearing masks to avoid inhalation of ash and volcanic debris. Wait for further announcement before transporting your family back to your house. 6  What’s More DIRECTIONS: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect then change the underlined word/s to make the sentence correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Crater glow due to presence of lava at or near the crater. 2. The eruption of Pinatubo in 1991 has caused the decrease in the Earth’s surface temperature for almost two years. 3. Geothermal energy is where heat from within the Earth is used to generate electricity. 4. Habitats and landscapes are damaged by magma flows. 5. Close all windows, doors, fireplace, and other house openings. What I Have Learned DIRECTIONS: Copy and answer the table below on a separate sheet. Check one of the boxes describing how you understand the topics intended for the lesson. Based on your response, your teacher will have an idea on what reinforcement or extension activities can be used to further enhance your understanding. How much did this lesson help Fair Better Best you… Signs of an impending volcanic eruption Positive and Negative effects of volcanic eruption The DOs and DON’Ts prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions. 7  What I Can Do PERFORMANCE TASK: VOLCANIC HAZARDS AWARENESS DRIVE You are a volcanologist from Bicol. On your way back to your hometown, you saw the destruction brought about by the eruption of Mayon Volcano. You decided to invite your colleagues to come with you on your next visit with a mission, that is, to create awareness among your townmates about volcanic hazards – before, during, and after a volcanic eruption. Decide on how you will accomplish your mission. Your presentation will be rated based on the following criteria: Details and information Accuracy Method of presentation Techniques/creativity RUBRICS Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited Criteria 40 pts. 30 pts. 20 pts. 10 pts. Has included 3 Has included Has included Has included 4 things to only 2 things to at least 5 things to things to remember remember remember Details and remember before, during, before, during, before, during, Information before, during, and after a and after a and after a and after a volcanic volcanic volcanic volcanic eruption eruption eruption eruption Presentation is easy to Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is Method of understand, Unique but not not unique but not unique and presentation unique, and organized organized not organized exemplary. Limited props Variety of props Well-prepared or materials Well-prepared or materials with a variety used to create but limited props or used to create an of props or an image materials used adequate materials used which to create an image that is to create a minimally Techniques / interesting moderately powerful image appeals to or is Creativity image about what suitable about about what to not suitable to do before, what to do do before, about what to during, and after a before, during during, and do before, volcanic and after after volcanic during and eruption volcanic eruption after volcanic eruption eruption Information Information Information Information contains contains minor contains errors contains many essentially no errors, none of which somewhat errors which Accuracy errors which which interfere interferes with limit the clarity of interfere with with clarity of clarity of communication clarity of communication communication communication 8  Assessment DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What happens when ash and mud from an eruption mix with rain? A. erosion B. flood C. lahar D. siltation 2. Which Philippine government agency tasked to monitor earthquakes and volcanoes in the country? A. DSWD B. DOH C. PHILHEALTH D. PHIVOLCS 3. Which of the following is/are clear sign/s of an impending eruption of volcano? I. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano II. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds and occurrence of volcanic tremors. III. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash. IV. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's upper slopes. A. I only B. I & III C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV 4. When did Mount Pinatubo erupt? A. June 15, 1991 C. June 17, 1991 B. June 16, 1991 D. June 18, 1991 5. What type of energy is produced when a turbine moves due to the released of steam during an eruption? A. geothermal energy C. solar energy B. hydropower energy D. wind energy 6. What should you do if the temperature of hot spring where you and your friends are swimming suddenly increases? A. Do not panic and evacuate the place immediately. B. Relax and enjoy the calming effect of the hot spring. C. Get out from the hot spring and check other signs of impending volcanic eruption. D. None of the above 7. Why does the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo have a positive effect to the world? The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo has a positive effect to the world because _______. A. There was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years. B. The aerosol particles from the plume were spread by the strong winds around the globe. C. The eruption seemed magnificent to watch that it attracts foreigners to observe this phenomenon. D. All of the above 9  8. Which of the following statements is NOT clear sign of an impending volcanic eruption? A. Increase in the temperature of hot springs and wells. B. Localized landslides from the summit area of the volcano. C. Continuous flow of water in springs or wells around the volcano. D. Crater glows due to the presence of magma at or near the crater. 9. The following are the positive effect after an eruption of volcano happens EXCEPT A. decrease population B. creation of beautiful scenery C. produce rich soils for farming D. decrease of Earth’s atmospheric temperature 10. Why does the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo have a positive effect to the world? The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo has a positive effect to the world because _______. A. There was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years. B. The aerosol particles from the plume were spread by the strong winds around the globe. C. The eruption seemed magnificent to watch that it attracts foreigners to observe this phenomenon. D. All of the above For nos. 11 – 15, identify each sentence if it is done prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions. Choose A if the statement is done before volcanic eruption, B if the statement is done during volcanic eruption, C if the statement is done after volcanic eruption, and D if the statement is not applicable whether it is done prior, during, and after volcanic eruptions. A = done before volcanic eruption C = done after volcanic eruption B = done during volcanic eruption D = not applicable 11. Keep all windows closed while driving and be aware of usual hazards in the road. 12. Wait for further announcement before transporting your family back to your house. 13. Prepare other life-saving devices such as cell phones, flashlights, whistles, and gas masks as volcanic eruptions are accompanied by ash falls and other pyroclastic materials. 14. Stay inside your house unless authorities tell you to evacuate. 15. Post a live feed on social media while the volcano is erupting. 10 References A. Books Aquino, Marites D. et. al. 2017. Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Philippines: Rex Bookstore Bayo-ang, Roly B. et. al. 2016. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. Philippines: National Bookstore Ditan, Carolina D. 2012. Earth Sciences. Philippines: National Bookstore SCIENCE 9 Learners Module, Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines B. Images https://pixabay.com/photos/volcano-rock-sky-clouds-hills- 5437051/ https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mauna-loa https://www.freepik.com/search?dates=any&format=search&quer y=PARICUTIN%20VOLCANO&sort=popular https://www.freepik.com/search?dates=any&format=search&page =1&query=MOUNT%20MAYON%20VOLCANO&sort=popular https://pixabay.com/images/search/strombolian%20eruption%20ir azu%20volcano/ C. Electronic https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8p9j6f/revision/3 https://app.memrise.com/course/158061/volcanoes-gcse- geography/11/ 11  12 LESSON 1: POSITIVE & NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION WHAT’S NEW WHAT’S MORE ANSWERS MAY VARY 1. FALSE, MAGMA 2. TRUE 3. TRUE 4. FALSE, LAVA 5. TRUE WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ANSWERS MAY VARY Answer Key For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Cebu City Division Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City, Cebu Telephone Nos.: (063) 255 – 1516, (032)253 - 9095 E-mail Address: [email protected] 13