Poetry Analysis PDF

Poetry Amiel Jansen Demetrial  Plutarch Painting is silent poetry, and poetry is painting that speaks.  A painting uses shapes and colors to transmit meaning and emotion. A poem uses words to transmit meaning and emotion.  Robert Fr...

Poetry Amiel Jansen Demetrial  Plutarch Painting is silent poetry, and poetry is painting that speaks.  A painting uses shapes and colors to transmit meaning and emotion. A poem uses words to transmit meaning and emotion.  Robert Frost Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and that thought has found words.  William Wordsworth The spontaneous overflow of feelings recollected in tranquility. Qualities of Poetry  1 We know we are reading poetry whenever we see that something is presented in lines. To the addict that mugged me by William Brewer Dear Mr. So-and-So with my blood on his clothes, with your stamp bag of winter, the Internet says a dollop of my spit your entire universe boiling will take the stain right out. in the breast of a spoon, I’m generous like that—I give myself away floating in a hole in the air to erase any sign that I was here. in the middle of the room, What’s more brutal: I wish I felt it in me to wish you well. A never ending dial tone When goodwill tells me to be tender, chewing the receptors of your brain, I have a trick: what I’m incapable of feeling, or waking up in an alley with a busted face, I imagine as a place— teeth red and penny-sweet, the rain this throbbing in my brain coming down clear as gin? is now the sound of your rowing toward Wherever you are what I pray is, if not home, then mercy. The selection is epistolary. Yet, it is eked out in lines. This makes it poetry.  2 We know it is a poem because it makes use of language in a heightened manner. To she who looks like a 12 year old he by Andy V. Tubig I wish to see gums. My nails as a canned good, the world as you haven’t been what would you do: in orange. this short be? The first night But this is how since grade school you tiptoed into it is with me: pale back when my mouth, you pink with brown I was winning were murky. 9 de spots. The insides pageants and bible Pebrero at dawn. of a bruised quiz bees. And you No eyes. Only pomelo. Dried were pounding your rock silver hair, tocino. Botcha star boyfriends a tongue with no from Nepa on futons that smell patience for staged QMart. Princess like dead dolphins sentimentality, excessive Diana’s chakras and fat cat crap tenderness or dry five days before in a crowded bus. the crash. Burnt Answer this: If you spam. My boss’s wake up tomorrow To she who looks like a 12 year old he by Andy V. Tubig surfaces. Shy the words to Lil and contracting? Dear hisses of fuck Dicky. My friend’s father Micro Bruiser, and finally said, “if it’s too good it’s not the apple- and five to be true then flavored lubes, more minutes it probably is.” the rainbows set up permanent Here’s another on your wrists, residence—barn secret: I fucking despise the silly homes with hand- Lil Dicky. Gerber obsessions painted fences—inside Answer this: or the bend- my head, making If I were born me-over kits me the calmest 7 years earlier for beginners; it’s I’ve been since June. would you still the lack of make- Here’s a secret: I have want me believe that scares me. never been so sitting on gone for some- your hand, swollen one who knows and dripping  3 We know there is a poem in front of us when we sense from it vivid imagery. Buksan mo ang ilaw by Kabel Mishka Ligot et facta est lux In the language you struggle with, light is something you open like a door, and kill like a bird, neck wrung into cursive in your warm hand. The inside of an egg is white and red. There is only one word for for, on, in, into, at. Everything has an interchangeable sex, or perhaps none at all. On long night drives home you argue in the passenger seat with your father Buksan mo ang ilaw by Kabel Mishka Ligot on acceptable translations of Holy Spirit. He says “diwang banál” is insufficient, that such sacred force is impersonal, not a god made to breathe into, on, at, or for the composite of your body. But energy, you think, sainted; and the highway streetlamps bloom in a quick blink and the road becomes a road. In the language you struggle. Light is something you open like a door.  4 We know that it is a poem because we get the sense that there is something to it beyond what we readily understand. Hair by Liyou Libsekal I left Africa carrying my skin and my father’s thick ringlets braids were for children, tussled locks for grown women eleven and unaware a black child in a white playground learns new words girls flock to touch a tamed head weaved by loving hands Hair by Liyou Libsekal and chemical cravings set in It’s your crown says my mother whose gorgeous mane gets wrapped tight rolled ready for feverish waves that convert to straight what a word Things to remember about poetry  1 Poetry is concentrated thought. Body with another by Mark Anthony Cayanan In the dark, he aims for my nipple, Miscalculates, and bites at my heart.  2 Poetry is a kind of word-music. Sa Aming Sala by Vanessa Haro May nangingiming agwat ang mga upuan na lalong napupuna Tuwing katanghaliang tapat. Mapagbiro ang araw. Pinatitingkad niya ang kalungkutan sa mga bagay na hindi kumikibo. Kagaya ng mga puwang sa tahanan: Kung kikirot itong mga agwat na dumadapo sa aking batok Tuwing ihihimlay ng pangamba ang pagal na katawan, Pipiliin pa rin ng nginig ang agwat na kukuwit sa antok. Masdan. Apat na upuan ang nakamuwestra. Ilang libong siyesta ang sinalo ng walang malay na pwersa Ng mga unan; saplot; at poot.  3 Poetry expresses all the senses. Mga Pangkaraniwang Lungkot (Excerpt) by Carlos Piocos Marahil ito na ang aking huling liham. Pagkatapos mo itong mabasa, mangyari lamang na ito’y lamukusi’t bilutin at saka ilublob sa lalim ng ilog nang ito’y matunaw, magsatubig at umagos. Bukod sa pangalan, lagda at lunan, kalakip ng sulat na ito ang lahat ng aking mga pangkaraniwang lungkot: lukot-lukot na ulap, isang itim na balahibo ng uwak, isang pinggang may pingas sa labi, larawan ng matandang simbahan, tatlong tinuping bulaklak, at isang pares ng natuyong pakpak ng paruparo. Ito na lamang ang naiwan, at ang lahat ng ito’y ipinauubaya ko na sa iyo.  4 Poetry answers our demand for rhythm. Sa Aming Sala by Vanessa Haro May nangingiming agwat ang mga upuan na lalong napupuna Tuwing katanghaliang tapat. Mapagbiro ang araw. Pinatitingkad niya ang kalungkutan sa mga bagay na hindi kumikibo. Kagaya ng mga puwang sa tahanan: Kung kikirot itong mga agwat na dumadapo sa aking batok Tuwing ihihimlay ng pangamba ang pagal na katawan, Pipiliin pa rin ng nginig ang agwat na kukuwit sa antok. Masdan. Apat na upuan ang nakamuwestra. Ilang libong siyesta ang sinalo ng walang malay na pwersa Ng mga unan; saplot; at poot.  5 Poetry is observation plus imagination. Tanaga sa Batang Badjao by Allan Popa Malinaw na narinig Ang kalansing sa tubig, Sinundan ng pagsisid Baryang ‘di nakabalik. Types of Poetry  Narrative Poetry This type of poetry tells a story in verse. It is a nondramatic poem which tells a story or presents a narrative, whether simple or complex, long or short. CATEGORIES OF NARRATIVE POETRY EPIC BALLAD THE SECOND COMING BY W.B. YEATS Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst The darkness drops again; but now I know Are full of passionate intensity. That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, Surely some revelation is at hand; And what rough beast, its hour come round at Surely the Second Coming is at hand. last, The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of a man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun, Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. IDYLL ALL IS WELL BY JULIA Cattle graze in yellow pasture WARDS and the hills are awash with buzzing bees. All is well in the land of heroes that come after... All is well for me. Fishes swim in clear-strung river, and valleys are attuned to birds that sing. All is well in the land of heroes that come after... All is well for me. METRICAL ROMANCE FLORANTE AT LAURA  Lyric Poetry refers to that kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet. CATEGORIES OF LYRICAL POETRY SONG SONNET SONNET 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, When in eternal lines to Time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ODE  O SWEET SPONTANEOU S BY E.E. CUMMINGS O sweet spontaneous buffeting thee that thou mightiest conceive earth how often have gods the (but doting true fingers of to the incomparable prurient philosophers pinched couch of death thy and rhythmic poked lover thee thou answerest , has the naughty thumb of science prodded them only with thy spring) beauty, how often have religions taken thee upon their scraggy knees squeezing and ELEGY A REFUSAL TO MOURN THE DEATH, BY FIRE, OF A CHILD IN LONDON BY DYLAN Never until the mankind making Nor blaspheme down the stations of the breath Bird beast and flower With any further Fathering and all humbling darkness Elegy of innocence and youth. Tells with silence the last light breaking And the still hour Deep with the first dead lies London’s daughter, Is come of the sea tumbling in harness Robed in the long friends, The grains beyond age, the dark veins of her And I must enter again the round mother, Zion of the water bead Secret by the unmourning water And the synagogue of the ear of corn Of the riding Thames. Shall I let pray the shadow of a sound After the first death, there is no other. Or sow my salt seed In the least valley of sackcloth to mourn The majesty and burning of the child’s death. I shall not murder The mankind of her going with a grave truth  Dramatic Poetry It is a poem where a story is told through the verse dialogue of the characters and a narrator. CATEGORIES OF DRAMATIC POETRY TRAGEDY COMEDY HISTORICAL SPOKEN WORD POETRY Elements of Poetry  Persona This is the character in the poem. Untitled Poem by Ariana Reines The other night When I couldn’t sleep Next to you and I Said I wanted to cry And you said I should And I looked down and breathed And then I did cry And you tried to touch me And you did And you tried to kiss me And you sort of did And I was so scared That I love you and you don't love me I felt stupid when I put my pants on And I felt stupid when I put my shirt on And I felt stupid when I went to the other room to get my book  Speaker The speaker is the point of view in the poem. Untitled Poem by Ariana Reines The other night When I couldn’t sleep Next to you and I Said I wanted to cry And you said I should And I looked down and breathed And then I did cry And you tried to touch me And you did And you tried to kiss me And you sort of did And I was so scared That I love you and you don't love me I felt stupid when I put my pants on And I felt stupid when I put my shirt on And I felt stupid when I went to the other room to get my book  Subject It is what is being talked about in the poem. Any subject can be great in a poem depending on the poetic style of the poet. I do not love you except because I love you by Pablo Neruda I do not love you except because I love you; I go from loving to not loving you, From waiting to not waiting for you My heart moves from cold to fire. I love you only because it's you the one I love; I hate you deeply, and hating you Bend to you, and the measure of my changing love for you Is that I do not see you but love you blindly. Maybe January light will consume My heart with its cruel Ray, stealing my key to true calm. In this part of the story I am the one who Dies, the only one, and I will die of love because I love you, Because I love you, Love, in fire and blood. The Subject is love.  Theme Is the central idea or message of a poem. I do not love you except because I love you by Pablo Neruda I do not love you except because I love you; I go from loving to not loving you, From waiting to not waiting for you My heart moves from cold to fire. I love you only because it's you the one I love; I hate you deeply, and hating you Bend to you, and the measure of my changing love for you Is that I do not see you but love you blindly. Maybe January light will consume My heart with its cruel Ray, stealing my key to true calm. In this part of the story I am the one who Dies, the only one, and I will die of love because I love you, Because I love you, Love, in fire and blood.  Mood This is the emotional atmosphere that poet wants the readers to feel. Pagpapalipad by Allan Popa Bawat tiklop ng papel Kalakip ay dalangin Bahala na ang hangin Kung langit ang mararating. Circe’s Grief by Louise Glück In the end, I made myself known to your wife as a god would, in her own house, in Ithaca, a voice without a body: she paused in her weaving, her head turning first to the right, then left though it was hopeless of course to trace that sound to any objective source: I doubt she will return her loom with what she knows now. When you see her again, tell her this is how a god says goodbye: if I am in her head forever I am in your life forever.  Tone Is the attitude the writer takes toward a subject. Excerpt from Loser by Lolito Go Ano pa ba ang gusto nilang malaman? Special skills? Languages I speak? Kung alam lang nilang kaya kong magbigti sa buhok kong lagpas tuhod. And that I solve the rubik’s cube faster than they could tie their shoes. Walang echos. On top of that, I speak Jejemon, Bekimon, pati esperanto. Maski litanya sa patay kabisado ko. Ituro mo, at pangangalanan ko ang mga bituin. Pumili ka at mula sa kuwaho ay babasahin ko ang mga pangitain. Napakarami ko pang kayang gawin, tanggap na po ba ako? Kung hindi pa rin boss, it’s your major major loss. Magaling pa naman akong magmasahe at magtimpla ng kape. And it’s her loss as well, ngayong Brecht na kami. Ngayong Bukowski ko na ang kaniyang natatagong ugali. By the way, marami pa naman ibang kerida, sabi nga ni Neruda. At napakarami pa ring puwedeng i-karir Gibran. Ka-Lorcang babae, napaka-Celan, di naman kagandahan. Excerpt from Loser by Lolito Go Plath na Plath naman ang ilong pati ang boobs. At ang buhok, sabog sabog parang Lucretius. Jesus Manuel Santiago, patawarin ako, sa panlilibak sa iyong anak. Nauna siyang umunday ng pataksil na saksak  Voice Is an author’s own and unique style of saying things. May be based on diction. Sid Lucero Lost His Third Nipple and Became a Poet by Andy V. Tubig He was drunk and crumbling and hot as fuck. I was euphoric and crumbling and just the right kind of lost. We entered a burger joint and ordered a naughty milkshake sprinkled with fruit loops and old people’s nipples. We chatted about incest and flannel jumpsuits and the metatarsal bones of Callalily’s bassist he found in his grandmother’s jewelry box. I asked if he believed in poets, he said no. Poets are pussies with messianic complexes. Like Jesus. Except God was actually on his side. Poets have no one on their side. Like ugly stray cats and consensual incest and ─having baby girls and not naming them? Exactly. The naughty milkshakes arrived. Sid Lucero took off his shirt and showed me his third nipple: a family heirloom, three -and-a-half generations and counting. Nipples are ugly things like hairy moles and unflushed toilets. I wanted to bite Sid Lucero’s third nipple off and feed it to a random starving child selling sampaguita, but I didn’t because Confucius taught me filial piety. But Confucius is a fucking piece of feudalist crap and families are overrated so I bit it off anyway. Sid Lucero transformed into a unicorn so black it looked like sin. His horn pierced the space between my breasts, drilling a hole so deep I almost cried, but I didn’t because I’d forgotten how. Vodka and cum started spilling out of the hole in my chest. Sid Lucero lapped every single drop of this ungodly mixture; his tongue wrote poems on my skin, carving the words Mangahas Umibig just right above my navel. I sat on his horn and screamed for more holes, but he transformed back to his human self, panting and weeping and saying sorry like a six-year old girl being beaten by her stepfather because she was too tight for his 45 -year-old cock. Is this what it feels like to be a poet? Getting high on chalk dust and salt like barefooted children. Biting a nipple. Not knowing the difference between fruit loops and old people’s nipples. Losing to Sid Lucero, his head on my lap, wondering how the fuck his grandmother got those metatarsals. If being a poet feels like being fucked in the ass by a unicorn’s horn without a lubricant, then yes.  Stanza Is a group of lines that form a unit of poetry. Last Words by B. B. P. Hosmillo Contemporary time. Hot, temperature was 35° centigrade. But it rained. The execution took place. Three 50 cc injections one dead body. Everyone safe, at peace? Not too soon. He didn’t suffer at all, penal physician tells Mrs. De La Cruz covering the lower part of her face with a dusk-colored good morning towel. What were his last words? There was something he wanted to tell you before the third shot. Yes, yes, what were his last words? asks the aggrieved. That there was something he wanted to tell his mother. That was it? O, he could barely speak.  Sound Is the particular ring of words in a poem. Pendong, May Kalbo! by Harvey Castillo Pendong, pis! May kalbo! Ang palarong batok ko sa iyo. Saan? Wala naman. Ang tugon mong Naghahanap ng tao. Doon oh! turo ko!—sa tangan-tangan ng ating nadaanan na manang street- sweeper sa ating lansangan.  Shape and Form This refers to the structure of poems which can be structured or free verse. Foreskin Foreskin is fact. // Where is your foreskin? Ate Ina asked him. You cannot keep it forever, she said. Only men who are not men would want to keep it forever. It’s summer, you need to get rid of it like the neighborhood boys or they will never play with you again. And then, she would chase him, screaming give me your foreskin! // Ate Ina was the butch lesbian boy of Mamang Ambet, the neighborhood kingpin. She was employed by Mamang Ambet to care for his fighting cocks. It was rumored that long ago, Mamang Ambet shot her brother’s hands for stealing. He knew it was more than a rumor. He often saw her brother driving a pedicab for a living, only two fingers clutching the right throttle. Crush After class, he would race Blas from the front door of their homeroom to the front gate of the school. He would lose day after day, for Blas was taller and had a much leaner build than him. He, perpetual pursuer, didn’t mind losing every day of the year for it was not the race he enjoyed, but this cool, fair boy, cocky, perpetually pursued, telling him, “Talo ka na naman,” at the front gate of Lucena West I Elementary School, a smile plastered across his silly, handsome face.  Imagery Is the images evoked by the language used in a poem through figures of speech or figurative language.  FIGURES OF SPEECH are literary devices in which language is used in an unusual way in order to produce a stylistic effect. THE GREEKS AND ROMANS exhaustively listed, defined, and categorized figures of speech in order to better understand how to effectively use language.  FIGURES OF SPEECH FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE She thinks she can butt in other people’s lives. Well, all I can say about that is curiosity killed the cat! Oh, you stupid phone, you never work when I need you to! TROPES SCHEMES  TROPES uses comparison, association, or wordplay to play with the literal meaning of words or to layer another meaning on top of a word's literal meaning.  METAPHOR makes a comparison between two unrelated things by stating that one thing is another thing, even though this isn't literally true.  METAPHOR He was a block of ice when I met him. I had to work harder to thaw his protective layers. Now, though, he is the summer days.  SIMILE makes a comparison between two unrelated things.  SIMILE Scott was a man then who looked like a boy with a face between handsome and pretty. A Movable Feast, Ernest Hemingway  OXYMORON pairs contradictory words in order to express new or complex meanings.  OXYMORON He experienced the sweet sorrow of parting with someone he loved. And that made him a better person.  HYPERBOLE an intentional exaggeration of the truth, used to emphasize the importance of something or to create a comic effect.  HYPERBOLE His mother arrived very late that night. He was home alone and could have sworn he could eat a whole horse from hunger.  METONYMY a word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated  METONYMY That stuffed suit with the briefcase is a poor excuse for a salesman.  PARADOX a statement that appears to contradict itself.  PARADOX Save money by spending it.  SCHEMES are mechanical—they're figures of speech that tinker with words, sounds, and structures (as opposed to meanings) in order to achieve an effect.  ALLITERATION the same sound repeats in a group of words  ALLITERATION Don't delay dawn’s disarming display. Dusk demands daylight. Paul Mccan  ASSONANCE a scheme in which vowel sounds repeat in nearby words  ASSONANCE How now, brown cow?  CHIASMUS A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.  CHIASMUS The famous chef said people should live to eat, not eat to live.  PARALLELISM the repetition of sentence structure for emphasis and balance  PARALLELISM A penny saved is a penny earned. Poetry in the Philippines  Del Castillo & Medina “Ancient poetry is an extension of earlier cultures of Southeast Asia, the ancestral home of most Filipino Malays” Pre-Colonial Poetry Folk Epics of the Philippines: Folk Songs: Bidasari Kundiman (awit ng pag – ibig) Biag ni Lam Ang Kumintang o Tagumpay (war song) Maragtas Ang Dalit o Imno (song to the god of Haraya the Visayans) Lagda Ang Oyayi (lullaby) Hari sa Bukid Diana (wedding song) Kumintang Soliraning (song of the labourer) Parang Sabir Talindaw (boatman’s song) Dagoy at Sudsod Kudanag (Accounts of battle) Tatuaan Tagumpay/Talindad (Songs of Indarapata at Sulayman Victory) Bantugan Sambotan/Tagulaylay (Songs of Daramoke-A-Baybay Hanging of Captured Enemies)  Epigrams More commonly known as salawikain and have been customarily used as laws or rules on good behavior. Epigrams “Aaanhin pa ang damo, kung patay na ang kabayo.” “Sa marunong umunawa, sukat ang salita.” Aanhin pa ang damo Kung patay na ang kabayo.  Riddles More commonly known by Tagalogs as ‘bugtong’ and ‘burburtia’ by the ilokanos. These are made up of one of two lines with 4 to 12 syllables. Riddles “Maliit pa si kumpare, umaakyat na sa torre.” Answer: Langgam (ant) “Isda ko sa Mariveles, nasa loob ang kaliskis.” Answer: Sili (bell pepper  Chants customarily called “Bulong” or “Pasintabi” by the Tagalogs and referred to as “Bari-bari” by the Ilokanos. These are sometimes in witchcraft or enchantment oftenwith an accompanying “Anting-anting” Chants 1. Ikaw na nagnakaw ng mais ko, lumuwa sana ang mga mata mo, mamaga sana ang kamay mo, parusahan ka ng mga anito. 2. Tabi-tabi po kayo, ako’y magbubuhos ng tubig at mainit ito, kung masaktan ko kayo,pagpasensiyahan niyo na po.” 3. Ikaw ang nagnanakaw ng bigas ko. Lumuwa sana ang mata mo. Mamaga sana ang katawan mo. Patayin ka ng mga anito.  Sayings more commonly called Sawikain are used to emphasize lessons for the youth and these lessons are explicitly stated. Sayings 1. “Pag may itinanim, may aanihin.” 2. “Ang maglakad ng matulin, pag natinik ay malalim.” 3. Putak, putak Batang duwag Matapang ka’t Nasa pugad  Maxims Some are rhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6 or 8 syllables, each line having the same number of syllables. Maxims 1. Pag hindi ukol, hindi bubukol. 2. Sa marunong umunawa, sukat ang ilang salita.  Idioms Is an expression that takes on a figurative meaning when certain words are contained, which is different from literal definition of the individuals word Idioms 1. Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa. 2. Kumukulo ang dugo 3. Ilista mo sa tubig Spanish Era Poetry Folk Songs Buhay (Tagalog) Leron, Leron Sinta (Tagalog), Awit Pamulinawen (Iloko) Corrido Dandansoy (Bisaya) Sarong Banggi (Bicol) Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan) Kalusan (Batanes) Song of My Seven Lovers (Lanao) Mutya Ko Paalam (Jolo) Sa Bundok (Kalinga) Pagbati (Tinguian)  Period of Enlightenment poetry during the Spanish period was also about patriotism and nationalism. Poetry during the Period of Enlightenment Jose Rizal A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) Mi Piden Versos (You Asked Me for Verses) A Las Flores De Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell) Marcelo H. Del Pilar Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes) Sagot sa Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas (Answer to Spain on the Plea of the Filipinos) Dupluhan, Dalit, Mga Bugtong (A poetical contest in narrative sequence, psalms, riddles)  Kinds of Tagalog Poets Poets of the Heart (Makata sa Puso), Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay), and Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan)  American Era Philippine Literature in English is divided into three periods. American Era Poetry Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910) Justo Juliano’s Sursum Corda Jan F. Salazar’s My Mother and Air Castles Proceso Sebastian’s To My Lady in Laoag Period of Imitation (1910-1925) Victoriano Yamson Vidal A. Tan Maximo Kalaw Francisco M. Africa Jose M. Hernandez American Era Poetry Period of Self-Discovery (1925-1941) Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion Jose Garcia Villa Angela Manalang Gloria Abelardo Subido Trinidad Tarrosa Subido Rafael Zulueta da Costa  Japanese Era After acquiring mastery in writing poems in English, poets were forced to write in Filipino. Japanese Era Poetry Tanaga Haiku Karaniwang Anyo Most of the subjects and themes were about Japanese cruelties and its effects to the Filipino people.  Martial Law Era Poetry played an important role in the Period of Activism from 1970 – 1972. Youth led the country to cry for freedom because of the oppression during the Martial Law in 1972. Martial Law Era Poetry Jose Corazon de Jesus and C. de Guzman’s Bayan Ko Most of the themes during this period were pertaining to Marcos administration. Poetry Analysis How to Analyze a Poem 1. Read the poem aloud: Always do this so you can hear the sound of the poem and get a sensory feel of it. 2. When you read a poem, start with just the text: 1. On the most literal level of meaning, what’s going on or what is the poem about? 2. To read the text in other ways, or to go beyond the literal meaning, examine: 1. Persona and Speaker 2. Images and Metaphors 3. Tone of Voice 4. Structure of the Poem 5. Rhyme and Meter 6. Choice of Words/Diction How to Analyze a Poem 3. Notice the other points: 1. Punctuation 2. Line Cuts Thank you for listening! Amiel Jansen Demetrial