Layers of the Earth PDF

THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson: 1 2 3 I can identify and I can develop a I can create a visual differentiate the sense of curiosity represen...

THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson: 1 2 3 I can identify and I can develop a I can create a visual differentiate the sense of curiosity representation of layers of the about the Earth's the Earth's layers. earth. interior. CAN YOU EXPLAIN TO THE CLASS HOW A CAKE CAN REPRESENT THE EARTH’S STRUCTURE?  EARTH AS A CAKE The Earth's layers can be compared to a layered cake: the crust is like the thin frosting on top, the mantle is the thick cake layer beneath the outer core is the creamy filling surrounding the dense inner core at the center. Each layer, from the crust to the inner core, plays a crucial role in the Earth's structure, just as each part of a cake contributes to its overall form. EARTH'S STRUCTURE Earth's structure is made up of four major layers. Each layer has its distinct characteristics and composition. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE EARTH?  CRUST The Earth's outermost layer is known as the crust. It is where life exists.  CRUST Thinnest layer of the Earth that ranges from only 2 miles in some areas of the ocean floor to 75 miles deep under mountains. Composed of plates on which the continents and oceans rest Two types of crust: oceanic crust & continental crust. CONTINENTAL CRUST The crust that makes up the continents. About 40 to 70 km thick Made up of light granitic rocks made up of aluminum silicates.  OCEANIC CRUST The crust that underlies the ocean floor. About 7-10 km thick. Composed of dense basaltic rocks made up of magnesium silicates. THE EARTH’S CRUST IS LIKE THE SKIN OF AN APPLE.  MANTLE It is made of molten iron and minerals that will still flow under pressure.  MANTLE Solid but capable of flow (like hot asphalt or fudge) Thickest layer of the Earth (making up 70% of the Earth’s mass) The hot material (magma) in the mantle rises to the top of the mantle, cools, then sinks, reheats, and rises again.  LITHOSPHERE The lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves as a brittle, rigid solid. ASTHENOSPHERE The asthenosphere consists of the solid upper mantle material that is so hot that it behaves plastically and can flow.  OUTER CORE It is beneath the mantle. It is composed of liquid iron and nickel.  OUTER CORE Molten (liquid) metal that is about 4,700°C (8,500°F). Located about 1,800 miles beneath the crust and is about 1,400 miles thick. Composed of the melted metals nickel and iron.  INNER CORE It is the deepest layer of the Earth. It is made up of solid iron and nickel.  INNER CORE Solid sphere composed mostly of iron It is believed to be as hot as 6,650°C (12,000°F) Heat in the core is probably generated by the radioactive decay of uranium and other elements It is solid because of the pressure from the outer core, mantle, and crust compressing it tremendously INTERFACES ON THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH THE INTERFACES Mohorovicic discontinuity Gutenberg discontinuity Lehmann discontinuity MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY The interface between the crust and the upper mantle. GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY marks the boundary between the lower mantle and the outer core. LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY Located between the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. THE EARTH IS LIKE A BOILED EGG ACTIVITY TIME! MAPPING THE INNER EARTH LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT THESE IMAGES TEMPERATURE OF THE DIFFERENT LAYERS WHAT DID YOU OBSERVE WITH THE IMAGE? DEPTH AND PRESSURE OF THE DIFFERENT LAYERS WHICH LAYER OF THE EARTH HAS THE GREATEST TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND DENSITY? SEISMIC WAVES THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES JUMBLED LETTERS YODB VEWSA BODY WAVES ACESFRU ASEVW SURFACE WAVES BODY WAVES Travel through the inner layers of the planet. They move outward from the earthquake's focus (the point within the Earth where the earthquake originates). Has two types: Primary waves (P waves) and Secondary waves (S waves). TWO TYPES OF BODY WAVES P WAVES S WAVES SURFACE WAVES Surface waves travel along the Earth's surface. Diminishing in strength as they move away from the epicenter (the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus). Has two types: Love waves and Rayleigh waves.  TWO TYPES OF SURFACE WAVES RAYLEIGH WAVES LOVE WAVES PATHS OF SEISMIC WAVES HOW ARE WAVES DETECTED? SEISMOMETER & SEISMOGRAPH A seismometer is the internal part of the seismograph, which may be a pendulum or a mass mounted on a spring. Seismographs are instruments used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake. SHORT QUIZ  1. WHICH LAYER OF THE EARTH IS THE HOTTEST? A. CRUST C. OUTER CORE B. MANTLE D. INNER CORE 2. WHAT TYPE OF SEISMIC WAVE IS THE FASTEST AND ARRIVES FIRST AT A SEISMOGRAPH? A. P-WAVE C. LOVE WAVE B. S-WAVE D. SURFACE WAVE 3. WHICH LAYER OF THE EARTH IS COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF SOLID IRON AND NICKEL? A. CRUST C. OUTER CORE B. MANTLE D. INNER CORE  4. WHICH SEISMIC WAVE CAN ONLY TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS AND NOT THROUGH LIQUIDS? A. P-WAVE C. LOVE WAVE B. S-WAVE D. SURFACE WAVE  5. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE EARTH'S CRUST AND MANTLE? A. MOHOROVIC C. LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY DISCONTINUITY B. GUTENBERG D. LITHOSPHERE DISCONTINUITY  THANK YOU! That in all things, God may be glorified!