Electrical Hazards and 5S PDF

Electrical Hazards Causes of Electrical Accidents Causes of Electrical Accidents Unsafe Acts There are 3 major causes of Electrical Accidents: Carelessness Misuse Getting in a Hurry There are 2 reasons for the above causes of unsafe acts:...

Electrical Hazards Causes of Electrical Accidents Causes of Electrical Accidents Unsafe Acts There are 3 major causes of Electrical Accidents: Carelessness Misuse Getting in a Hurry There are 2 reasons for the above causes of unsafe acts: We know better but intentionally do something unsafe We don’t know better Avoid the following unsafe acts Failure to de energize, lockout and tagout hazards during maintenance Avoid the following unsafe acts Use of defective and unsafe tools Avoid the following unsafe acts Use of tools or equipment too close to energized parts. Avoid the following unsafe acts Not draining off stored energy in capacitors Using 3 wire cord with a 2 wire plug Avoid the following unsafe acts Remove and replace wrong fuse Not verifying power is off when making repair (drilling into a 220v AC line can kill) Causes of Electrical Accidents Unsafe Equipment What equipment can cause electrical accidents? Looses connection Faulty insulation Improper grounding Defective parts, such as broken outlet cover (unsafe accessible LIVE contacts) Unguarded live parts. Common Electrical Violations causing Dangers Power supply Panel Box Switches, outlets and junction boxes Frayed and bare wires Electric cords under rugs or other floor coverings Bathroom lighting Lighting of public hallways, stairways, landings and foyers Habitable room lighting Octopus wiring Outlet Covers Excessive or Faulty Fusing Cord run through walls or doorways and hanging cords or wire Temporary wiring Excessively long extension cord. Hazardous Environment Flammable Vapors, Liquids and gases Combustible dust Corrosive atmosphere Explosive environments  Safety Practices All violation of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) represent potentia dangerous arrangements. In order to correct these situations, the following safety practices are encourage.  What is 5S principle? 5S Training of Trainers for Training Institutions Training material No. 13 Aren’t you frustrated in your workplace? Oh, this position makes me tired ! I cannot remember what/how to next… Where is that Why I am making document ? mistakes again and I cannot find it ! again Why we cannot Oh time is not enough communicate to complete this work! properly? Are you positive thinker or negative thinker? 16 Thinking negatively in inside box and give-up? 17 Work together and do something with big positive attitude? 18 Even you are positive thinker, you still need something to make your ideas realistic You need tools ! 19 There are useful tools 5S approaches 20 What is 5S ? 5S is a philosophy and a way of organizing and managing the workspace and work flow with the intent to improve efficiency by eliminating waste, improving flow and reducing process unreasonableness. It is for improvement of working environment 21 What is 5S ? 5S activities are to create good working environment through reduction of “Muri”, “Mura”, and “Muda” It help to have a basis of strong management of workplace What is “Muri”, “Mura”, and “Muda”? Muri : overburden, unreasonableness or absurdity Mura : unevenness or inconsistency, primarily with physical matter and the human spiritual condition Muda : activity which is wasteful or doesn’t add value Source: http://blog.5stoday.com/category/muri-mura-muda/ 5S in Japanese/English/Swahili 5S is literally five abbreviations of Japanese terms with 5 initials of S. Japanese English Ki-Swahili S-1 Seiri Sort Sasambua S-2 Seiton Set Seti S-3 Seiso Shine Safisha S-4 Seiketsu Standardize Sanifisha S-5 Sitsuke Sustain Shikilia 23 Background on 5S activities The word “5S(five S)” was generalized in 1980’s in manufacturing sector in Japan, as Toyota Production System (TPS) became famous in the sector and “5S activities” were set as one of the bases of TPS Service industry started to used “5S” in 1990’s Background: - National Demonstration Project - NDP was designed to test TQM approach for health care quality and safety improvement NDP was conducted in US (1989-1990) and Japan (2000-2004) Many private hospitals in Asia, Europe, and US are practicing KAIZEN-TQM approaches for health care quality, hospitals management and safety improvement 25 What 5S can do? 26 Team work improvement through everyone’s participation 27 Identify Abnormalities 28 Identify wastes and reduce the wastes 29 The 7 wastes Overproduction Over processing Inventory Rework Waiting Transportation Motion 30 Mr. Taiichi Ohno, Former President of Toyota Motors Improve productivities 31 Improve safety 32 If no 5S activities…. Hesitate what to do Looking for necessary items Remember what / how to do Making mistake Details of 5S approach 34 5S: Sort-Set-Shine-Standardize-Sustain S1: Sort S5: S2: Sustain Set S4: S3: Standardize Shine 35  S1: Sort Focuses on eliminating unnecessary items from the workplace S1: Categorize equipment, Sort furniture, tool in your S5: S2: working place into the Sustain Set following 3 categories 1. Necessary 2. Unnecessary 3. May not necessary S4: S3: This step will also help Standardize Shine with the “just in case” attitude 36 Back to main  S1: Sorting activities Equipment, material, tools files, furniture etc. can be categorized based on the frequency of use! Equipment, materials May need it tools etc. in your work place Items only used occasionally are in this category Not need it Need it Items not used in current work process are in this category Items often use are in this category  Examples of “Sorting” Place “Red tag” for categorization of items to identify unnecessary items Move unnecessary items( broken tools, obsolete jigs and fixtures, scrap and excess raw material etc.) to central stored area Free up valuable floor space (Space utilization) Finding abnormality of equipment and tools (Out of order, missing parts etc.) 38 39  S2: Set “Set” is based on finding efficient and S1: effective storage of Sort necessary items Apply “Can see, Can S5: Sustain S2:Set take out, and Can return” philosophy This will save time and S4: S3: energy to look for Standardize Shine something 40 Back to main  S2: Setting activities Think not only “beatification. Need to consider workflow and arrange items Needed items Items often use (with current work process) Arrange them properly based on Have consensus among Use 5S tools for proper “Can see, Can take-out, Can co-workers on where and Organization of items return” Philosophy how to organize necessary such as items Labeling Color coding Numbering Zoning etc. Example of “Setting” activities Labeling , numbering, zoning for clear identification of storage areas to keep necessary items Set necessary items matching with workflow to minimize unnecessary movement and transportation time 42  BASELINE ADMINISTRATION PHOTOGRAPHS AUGUST SEPTEMBER 2008 PROCESS 2008 Before MID. After 5S YEAR 5S 43  S3: Shine Cleaning up one’s S1: Sort workplace daily so that there is no dust on floors, S5: S2: machines or equipment. Sustain Set It will create ownership and build pride in the workers S4: S3: Standardize Shine 44 Back to main S3: Shining activities Clean floor, windows and walls. Clean and Maintain office automation machines, medical equipment and tools, office furniture Develop and follow regular cleaning and Maintenance schedule  Example of “Shining” activities Daily sweeping and mopping of floor, bathroom, corridor etc. Regular cleaning and maintenance of equipment and tools Periodical check for changes in equipment and the service area such as: leaks, vibration, misalignment, breakage etc. IPC activities such as hand hygiene, waste segregation are also part of shine 46 47  S4: Standardize Maintain an environment S1: where S1 to S3 are Sort implemented in the same manner throughout the S5: S2: organization Sustain Set Give opportunities to employees to take active part in the development of S4: S3: these standards. Shine Standardize 48 Back to main S4: Standardizing activities S1 S2 S3 Develop mechanism to standardize Standardization will leads equalization of activities S1-S3 implementation for continuation = “Production leveling and smoothing” Standardization is useful for; Easy implementation of S1 to S3 activities Equalization process output Everyone’s participation  Example of “Standardize” activities Work instructions, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Checklist development and regular usage for SOPs Mechanism and format development for ordering supplies, reporting etc Color coding for waste segregation Standardized common symbols 50 51  S5 : Sustain Maintain S1-S4 through discipline, S1: Sort commitment and empowerment S5: S2: It focuses on Set defining a new Sustain mindset and a standard in S4: S3: Standardize Shine workplace 52 Back to main S5: Sustainability activities People get bored if no changes. Need to develop a mechanism to make staff exited and motivated Further Improvement Prevent fallback Improvement Measure improvement with proper periodical monitoring Example of “Sustain” activities Regular progress reporting Refresher training Periodical evaluation of 5S activities with proper advices for continuation and further improvements Appreciation, recognition and awarding on good 5S activities Reminder using 5S corner, new letters, good practice sheet etc. 54 55 5S Conceptual Framework SORT SUSTAIN STANDARDIZE SET SHINE 56 5S is becoming popular for seven solid reasons 1. Visible results enhance the generation of more and new ideas 2. The workplace gets cleaned up and better organized 3. Hospital and office operations become easier and safer 4. Results are visible to everyone - insiders and outsiders 5. People are naturally disciplined 6. People take pride in their clean and organized workplace 7. As a result the company’s good image generates more better 57 5S-KAIZEN-TQM Phases Preparatory Introductory Maintenance Implementation phase phase Phase phase 2 years 3 month 6 month On going Situation Training Standardizing Continue 5S analysis of staff Sustaining cycle Training Sorting Expansion areas to practice of Setting 5S activities managers Shining 58 Target of 5S Targets of Five-S include: Zero changeovers leading to product/ service diversification Zero defects leading to higher quality Zero waste leading to lower cost Zero delays leading to on time delivery Zero injuries promoting safety Zero breakdowns bringing better maintenance 59 Remember (1/2) 5S implementation can improve both working environment and the service content. Benefits on WEI will be better realized as you go along the training. Go systematically to implement S1-S5: Sort necessary & unnecessary items; Arrange items according to work flow; Make workplace and tools shining (daily cleaning); Standardize “sort-set-shine” process; and Workers acquire positive attitude to sustain & improve quality of health services. 60 Remember (2/2) Effectiveness of 5S in improving health care services content: Complement to patient safety efforts, e.g., Minimizes chances of providing wrong medicine, and treating wrong patients through proper sorting (files, records) and appropriate labeling (medicines, op-sites), as well as, use of checklist to avoid leaving items (such as gauze and scissors) by use of safe surgery checklist. Contribute to better continuum of care, e.g., Use of patient discharge checklists ensure correct linkages to needed services. 61 Example of 5S activities Before 5S (2009) After 5S (2010) Disorganized items in the store. Took Use labeling and organize items lead long time to searching items needed to minimize time for searching items, easy to control stocks 62 Example of 5S activities Before 5S After 5S Disorganized cabinet in a ward at Usangi DH 63  Using color coding for Visual control of ampules in a ward at MNH Green means Yellow means giving warning on Red means giving warning on “enough stock” “stock is getting less” “close to stock out and refill ” Wrap-up Positive attitude is very important for implementation of 5S activities It is not “Cleaning Campaign” 5S activities are to create good working environment through reduction of “Muri”(overburden), “Mura”(unevenness), and “Muda”(waste) 5S can identify and reduce “abnormalities” and “waste”, improve “team work”, “cleanness”, “safety” and “productivity” It is a basis of organization management Thank you for listening !