AP World Neolithic Revolution PDF

EQ How did domestication of plants and animals give rise to civilizations?  Agricultural Revolution or Neolithic Rev. Started about 12,000 years ago in Mesopotamia between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Cultivation of plants and domestication (taming) of animals...

EQ How did domestication of plants and animals give rise to civilizations?  Agricultural Revolution or Neolithic Rev. Started about 12,000 years ago in Mesopotamia between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Cultivation of plants and domestication (taming) of animals How did domestication transform human life across the globe?  How did agriculture bring a new relationship between humans and other living things? – Shaped the landscape i.e. canals, slash and burn, dams – Selectively bred animals/ dogs-hunting, oxen-plowing  New mutual dependence – Plants and animals relied on humans – Humans lost gathering and hunting skills  Choose best 5) The Neolithic revolution occurred first in A) Egypt. B) the Middle East. C) Central America. D) China. Answer C  Intensification getting of more food and resources from less land – Exploitation of resources More food population increase  Choose best 4) The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following EXCEPT A) population size and life expectancy. B) the tendency to believe in many gods. C) the stability of human settlements. D) the development of complex social patterns. Answer: B  End of the Ice Age 11,000 years ago – Led to human migrations – Warmer, more stable climates Plants flourish, new food sources – Broad spectrum diet developed. Humans ate animals/plants. – Tools developed for agriculture Sickles, baskets, in the Middle East Women agricultural innovators Clearing, slash and burn  Choose best Once developed, metal tools were preferred over stone tools for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) they were easier for ordinary people to make at home. B) they were sharper and more precise. C) they permitted more diverse shapes. D) they could be used to make accurate weapons. Answer: A  Permanent villages – Population growth then food crisis – Only a few hundred plant species only fourteen large mammal species  Fertile Crescent- - first Agricultural Revolution – Domesticated plants and animals – Mud bricks = more sophisticated building, shrines, homes, burial sites  Eastern Sahara Domestication (Sudan) – Region more hospitable 10,000-5,000 years ago. Sahara did not exist – Domesticated cattle  Americas – Absence of animals to domesticate. – Only cereal grain was maize or corn Americas are oriented north south across different climate zones slowing trade and diffusion  Globalization of Agriculture – Spreads in two ways Diffusion- gradual spread Colonization or migration  Language and culture spread with agriculture – Languages started in Turkey and today spoken from Europe to India – Similar in China – Spread of Bantu language Africa – Austronesians in the Pacific  Agriculture took 10,000 years to globalize. – Was resisted where land was poor or resources were great – By the beginning of the Common Era most gathering/ hunting societies were a minority  Farming did not improve life – People were shorter and lived shorter lives than gathering societies – Difficult work, sickness due to animal born disease, dependence on climate and rainfall – Larger populations led to epidemics  New technologies: – Pots, textiles, and metallurgy: New uses for domesticated animals other than meat and hides: fertilizer, milk wool, beasts of burden to haul and plow  Reliance on different animals in different regions – Horses were domesticated by 4,000 BCE Growth of pastoral (pasture animals)  Social variation – Pastoral societies- Animal husbandry- raising of animals – Pastoral societies Nomadic ,began in Central Asia , Arabian Peninsula and southern Africa Land did not lend itself to agriculture Must pasture animals-cover more land  Domesticated camels allowed human life in the inner Asian, Arabian and Saharan deserts No pastoral societies in the Americas  Agricultural Village Societies – Catalhuyuk in Turkey Buried dead under houses Specialized crafts No social inequality and no gender dominance  Chiefdoms Chiefs-generosity, ritual status, to govern, not force Goal: common good Later birth right would influence chief then kinks of civilizations and states Chiefdoms emerged in Mesopotamia  Please write Using PIECES, Summarize the similarities and differences between gatherer hunters and agricultural village societies?