Plant Responses to Stimuli Past Paper PDF

‫أو ًﻻ ‪ :‬إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿ ًﺎ اﻷﺳﺌـﻠ ـ ــﮥ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﯿ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﮥ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد اﻟﻀﻮء أو اﻧﻌﺪاﻣﻪ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻪ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺜﯿﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﻓ...

‫أو ًﻻ ‪ :‬إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿ ًﺎ اﻷﺳﺌـﻠ ـ ــﮥ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﯿ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﮥ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد اﻟﻀﻮء أو اﻧﻌﺪاﻣﻪ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻪ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺜﯿﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﻓﯽ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﯿﻀﮥ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﮥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﯽ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﮥ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻬﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‪ ،‬أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻵﺗﯿﮥ ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺒﻪ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﯽ ﻓﺘﺢ و ﻏﻠﻖ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﯿﻀﮥ ﻷوراﻗﻬﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﯿﻮم ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬أذﮐــﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛــﮥ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﺴﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﮥ اﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓــﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أﮐﺘﺐ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﮑﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻠﯿﮥ اﻹﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻔﺴﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﮥ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮥ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﯿﻀﮥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)أ( اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﯽ ‪ :‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ ‪2023‬‬ ‫)ب( اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻠﻮي ‪ :‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)ج( ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻓﺴﺮ ‪:‬ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﻃﯽ أوراق ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﯿﻀﮥ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﮥ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻹﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﺴﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﮥ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﮥ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬  ‫أو ًﻻ ‪ :‬إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﮥ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ وﻓﺮاﻧﺴﯿﺲ داروﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺒﮥ اﻟﮑﻨﺎري ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﮐﺘﺸﺎف اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯽ ‪.‬اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮥ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬وﺿﺢ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻗﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن داروﯾﻦ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﮥ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.       ‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬وﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن داروﯾﻦ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (A‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ أﻫﻤﯿﮥ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﻄﻮة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.   ‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪.         ‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬وﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن داروﯾﻦ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (B‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬وﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن داروﯾﻦ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (C‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬وﺿﺢ اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﺬي ﺗﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﯿﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن داروﯾﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺠﺎرﺑﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﮑﻨﺎري‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ت‪.‬ك ص ‪20‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬. ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﮐﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﮥ و إﺷﺎرات ﮐﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﮥ ﻟﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿ ــﮥ‬ 3 ‫ﺛﻐـ ــﺮ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻟﯿ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﺛﻐـ ــﺮ ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﻧﻬﺎر ًا‬ -: ‫( ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﮑﻞ ﻣﻦ‬1)...................................................................................................................................   : ‫)أ( ( اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن‬...........................................................................................................................  : ‫)ب( ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﺣﯿﺎء ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ) ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ( ﺑﺪ ًﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯽ ؟‬: ‫( ﻓﺴﺮ‬2)..........................................................................................................................................................  2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬. ‫( أذﮐﺮ أﻫﻢ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﮑﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﮥ و ﺗﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬3).......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2023 ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ‬  ‫( أي اﻷﯾﻮﻧﺎت اﻷﺗﯿﮥ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﺑﺸﮑﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺪرات اﻟﮑﻬﺮوﮐﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﮥ ؟‬4).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت و إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬5) ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴـــــﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗــــــــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬   ‫ﺳﺮﻋــــﺔ‬   ‫ﻣـﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑـﺔ‬. ‫( أﺷﺮح ﮐﯿﻔﯿﮥ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺤﺎرﺳﮥ ﻓﯽ ﺑﺸﺮة اﻟﻮرﻗﮥ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء وﺛﺎﻧﯽ أﮐﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﮑﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﺮﯾﻦ‬6).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( أذﮐﺮ أﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻐﻮر ﻓﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬7)..........................................................................................................................................................  16  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬.‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺒﺎدئ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﮥ ﺣﻮل ﮐﯿﻔﯿﮥ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ إﺷﺎرات ﻟﻠﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻷﺧﺮى‬ :‫ أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻵﺗﯿــﮥ‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﺳﺘﻬﺪاف اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت ﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ وأﻧﺴﺠﮥ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻓﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ 4 ‫ و ﻣﺎ أﻫﻤﯿﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎت ؟‬. (X) ‫( أذﮐﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﯿﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬1).......................................................................................................................................................... 37‫ك ص‬.‫ت‬ . ‫( أذﮐــﺮ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﮥ اﻟﺘﯽ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﻮل ﮐﯿﻔﯿﮥ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﮥ إﺷﺎرات ﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻷﺧﺮى‬2).......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................  2022 ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ‬.......................................................................................................................................................... 2023 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬ . ‫( أذﮐﺮ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻟﻠﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت‬3).......................................................................................................................................................... 37‫ك ص‬.‫ت‬ .‫( اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿــﮥ‬Y) ‫( أذﮐــﺮ أﻫﻤﯿﮥ اﻟﺘﺮاﮐﯿﺐ‬4).......................................................................................................................................................... . (W) ‫( ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﮑﻮن ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﮥ ﻓﯽ‬Z) ‫( وﺿﺢ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﮥ ﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن ﻣﺎ ﻓﯽ‬5).......................................................................................................................................................... WZ.‫( ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧــﺎت اﻟﻤﺆازرة واﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧــﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﻀﮥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت ﻓﯽ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬6) ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﻀـــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤـــﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬   ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬   ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ :‫( ﻓﺴﺮ ﮐﻼ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﯽ‬7) ‫)أ( اﻟﻌﻼﻗﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻪ واﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﮑﻮن ﺑﺴﯿﻄﮥ أو ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ؟‬..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫)ب( اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﮥ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت دون ﻏﯿﺮﻫﺎ ؟‬.......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( أذﮐﺮ أﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﮥ ﻟﻌﺪم إرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻨﯽ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ‬8).......................................................................................................................................................... 36‫ك ص‬.‫ت‬  17  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬.‫اﻟﺸﮑﻞ أدﻧﺎه ﯾﺒﯿﻦ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ آﻟﯿﮥ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﮥ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﻬﺎ‬. ‫ﻓﯽ ﺿﻮء ذﻟﮏ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮥ اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮥ‬ 5. ‫( أذﮐﺮ أﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺬي أﻣﺎﻣﮏ‬1)..........................................................................................................................................................  -: ‫( أذﮐﺮ أﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ اﻻﺗﯽ‬2).................000000000000000000000...  (Z).................000000000000000000000...  (Y).................000000000000000000000...  (x) : ‫( اﮐﺘﺐ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻻﺗﯿﮥ‬3)............................00000000000000000000000000000.........  (b).......................................000000000000000000000...  (a)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000... (c) . ‫( ﻓﯽ ﺣﺪوث اﻹﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮥ‬Z) ‫( و‬Y) ‫( و‬X) ‫( وﺿﺢ دور اﻟﺘﺮاﮐﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺸــﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣــﺰ‬4)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000... 2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬  (X)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000...  (Y)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000...  (Z) -: ‫( أﺷﺮح ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﯽ ﮐﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻻﺗﯿﮥ‬5)  : (a) ‫)أ( ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ‬........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  : (b) ‫)ب( ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ‬. (C) ‫( أذﮐﺮ أﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮥ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت ﻣﻮﻟﺪة اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬6).......................................................................................................................................................... 1.......................................................................................................................................................... 2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬ 2. (Y) ‫( ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬X) ‫( أﺷﺮح ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﺘﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬7).......................................................................................................................................................... 37‫ك ص‬.‫ت‬  18  ‫أو ًﻻ ‪ :‬إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﮥ ووﻇﯿﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻠﺸﮑﻞ أدﻧﺎه اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﯿﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮة ﺗﺘﮑﻮن أﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎق ‪.‬ﻣﺴﺘﻌﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﻬﻤﺎ أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻵﺗﯿــﮥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اذﮐﺮ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺸــﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣــﺰ )‪ (X‬و)‪(Y‬و)‪. (Z‬‬ ‫‪............................00000000000000000000000000000.........‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪(Y).......................................000000000000000000000...‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(X‬‬ ‫‪....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000...‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(Z‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﮐﯿﻒ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺸﯿﻂ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻻي ﻣﻨﺒﻪ أو ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أول ﻫﺮﻣﻮن ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﻓﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮥ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن داروﯾﻦ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪IAA‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أﯾﻦ ﯾﮑﺜﺮ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ﻫﺮﻣﻮن إﻧﺪول ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮏ )‪ (IAA‬ﻓﯽ اﻧﺴﺠﻪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اذﮐﺮ أﻫﻤﯿﮥ ) وﻇﯿﻔﮥ ( اﻷﮐﺴﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ إﻧﺪول ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮏ )‪. (IAA‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ث‪.‬ﻋﺎم ‪2021‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ ‪2022‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ ‪2023‬‬ ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ ‪2023‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮة اﻟﺴﯿﺎدة اﻟﻘﻤﯿﮥ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬اﮐﺘﺐ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪). (a‬أو( ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﺪث ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﻓﺮق ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺰ ‪ IAA‬ﻓﯽ اﻟﺠﺰء )‪ (Y‬؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬وﺿﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ إزاﻟﮥ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (X‬‬ ‫)او( ﻣﺎ اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ إزاﻟﮥ اﻟﻘﻤﮥ اﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿﮥ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة )‪ (b‬؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬اﺷــﺮح ﻣﺎ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌــﺮض ﺑﺎدرة ﻧﺒﺎت ) ﻣﻔﺼﻮل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺰء ‪ ( Y‬ﻟﻤﺼــﺪر ﺿــﻮء ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﻓﺴﺮ ‪ :‬ﻋﺪم ﺗﮑﻮن اﻟﺒﺮاﻋﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﮥ ) اﻟﺠﺰء ‪ ( Z‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻗﻤﮥ اﻟﺴﺎق ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬. ‫ ﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﮥ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬IAA ‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ ادﻧﺎه ﻓﺮﺿﯿﮥ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺤﻤﻀﯽ واﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ دور‬. ‫ﻓﯽ ﺿﻮء ذﻟﮏ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أﻧﺪول ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮏ و اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﮥ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯽ‬ 7 -: ‫( اذﮐﺮ اﺳﻢ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻻﺗﯿﮥ‬1) 00000000000000000000000000.........  (z) 00000000000000000000000000......... .................000000000000000000000... (Y) IAA  (x) 00000000000000000000000000.........  (v).................000000000000000000000...  (w). (W) ‫ )أو( اذﮐﺮ أﻫﻤﯿﮥ اﻟﻤﺮﮐﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬. ‫( إﻟﻰ ﺳﯿﺘﻮﺳﻮل اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮥ‬W) ‫( وﺿﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﺮﮐﺐ‬2).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺘﻮﺳﻮل داﺧﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮥ‬W) ‫( وﺿﺢ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﮐﺐ‬3).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﮥ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺤﻤﻀﯽ‬Y) ‫( اﺷﺮح اﻟﺪور اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ اﻟﺘﺮﮐﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬4).......................................................................................................................................................... + H . ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻔﯿﺰ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﮥ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﮥ‬IAA ‫( ) إﻧﺪول ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮏ‬X) ‫( وﺿﺢ ﮐﯿﻒ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬5).......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬ .(c)‫( وﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻠﻮز ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬b) ‫( ﻓﯽ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬Y) ‫( وﺿﺢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ دور اﻟﺘﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬6).......................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................  -: ‫( وﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﯽ ﮐﻞ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﯽ‬7)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000... IAA (a) 2021 ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ‬....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000... 2023 ‫ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ث‬  (b)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................0000000000.......00000000000... ....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000...  + H (c)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................000000000000000000000...  (d)....................0000000..................................000000000000000000000....................................0000000000.......00000000000...  20  ‫أو ًﻻ ‪ :‬إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ أدﻧﺎه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻷﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺴﺎق ﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻀﻮء ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﯽ ﺿﻮء ذﻟﮏ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع إﻧﺪول ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﮏ و اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﮥ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯽ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﮐﺘﺐ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (X‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪IAA‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬وﺿﺢ ﮐﯿﻒ ﯾﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن )‪ (X‬اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺴﺎق ﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻀﻮء ﻓﯽ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪ (a‬و )‪. (b‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ت‪.‬ك ص ‪20‬‬ ‫‪IAAa‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪IAAb‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﮐﺘﺐ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﺎق ﻓﯽ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ )‪. (b‬‬ ‫)أو( اﮐﺘﺐ دور اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻓﯽ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (b‬‬ ‫ث‪.‬ﻋﺎم ‪2023‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ ‪2023‬‬ ‫‪IAA‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﺷﺮح اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮق ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺰ اﻷﮐﺴﯿﻨﺎت ﻓــﯽ ﻃﺮف اﻟﺴــﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻓﯽ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﮥ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﮥ‬ ‫اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮥ‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺬور واﻷوراق ﻓﯽ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﮥ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﮥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﺴﻴﺴﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﺴﻴﺴﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺗﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘــــــﺄﺛﻴــﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻓﺴﺮ ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﮑﻮن ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ أو ًﻻ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺠﺬور ﺛﻢ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻷوراق ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺬﺑﻮل ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻓﯽ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﮥ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﮥ‬ ‫اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮥ‬ 10 ‫( ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﺒﻂ ؟‬1).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( اذﮐﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﮥ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ) أﻫﻤﯿﮥ ( ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ ﻓﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬2).......................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﮥ ﻟﻺﻧﺒﺎت؟‬:‫( ﻓﺴﺮ‬3)..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫( ﻓﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻓﯽ ﻣﻨﻊ إﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬور و ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﮐﻠﻤﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر ﻗﺼﯿﺮ ؟‬ABA) ‫( ﮐﯿﻒ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ زﯾﺎدة ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺰ‬4). ‫)أو( اذﮐﺮ أﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻷدوار اﻟﺘﯽ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺒﺬور ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺮب ﻗﺪوم اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﺎردة‬ ‫( ﻓﯽ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻓﺮص ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﺒﺬور ؟‬ABA) ‫)أو( ﮐﯿﻒ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ‬.......................................................................................................................................................... 1.......................................................................................................................................................... 2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬ 2023 ‫ﻋﺎم‬.‫ث‬ 2. ‫( اﺷﺮح ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻗﺘﺮاب ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊ و اﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻻﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺒﺬور‬5).......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( اذﮐﺮ اﻟﺪور اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ ﻓﯽ اﻷوراق ﻋﻨﺪ اﻗﺘﺮاب ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬6).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺬور‬GA3) 3 ‫( و ﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﮏ‬ABA) ‫( ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺑﺴﯿﺴﯿﮏ‬7) GA3 3 ‫ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺒﺮﻳﻠﻴﻚ‬ ABA ‫ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻷﺑﺴﻴﺴﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬      ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ‬ 22  ‫أو ًﻻ ‪ :‬إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﮑﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺾ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﮑﺎﯾﻨﺘﯿﻦ و اﻷﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﻓﯽ اﻟﺒﺎدرات و اﻟﺒﺮاﻋﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﮥ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﮥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﮑﻞ وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺴﺎﯾﺘﻮﮐﺎﯾﻨﯿﻨﺎت ‪.‬اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮥ‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻓﺴﺮ ‪ :‬ﯾﮑﺜﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﯾﺘﻮﮐﺎﯾﻨﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﯽ اﻟﺠﺬور واﻟﺜﻤﺎر واﻷﺟﻨﮥ ؟‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﮐﺘﺐ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ) اﻟﺰﯾﺎﺗﯿﻦ ( ﻓﯽ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺬرة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫دور ﺛﺎﻧﯽ ‪2023‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬وﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ اﻟﮑﺎﯾﻨﺘﯿﻦ أو ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮاﻓﺮه ﻓﯽ وﺳﻂ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﯽ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﻘﺎن اﻟﺠﺎرﯾﮥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﺷﺮح اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮥ ‪ :‬اﻟﮑﺎﯾﻨﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻨﺎﻫﻀﮥ ﻟﻸﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﻓﯽ ﺑﺎدرات اﻟﺴﯿﻘﺎن ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬وﺿﺢ ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﯽ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻷﺗﯿﮥ ‪-:‬‬ ‫)أ( اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺰﯾﺎﺗﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﻢ اﻟﺠﺬور ﻓﯽ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺬرة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)ب( رش اﻟﺰﯾﺎﺗﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺴﺠﮥ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﺘﯿﻤﯿﮥ أو اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪة أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺠﺬع اﻟﻤﺒﮑﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﮥ ﻋﻦ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﯽ ‪.‬‬ ‫)أ( ﻏﯿﺎب اﻷﮐﺴﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﯽ اﻷﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺸﺎر ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (A‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)ب( ﻋﺪم إﺿﺎﻓﮥ اﻟﺴﺎﯾﺘﻮﮐﯿﻨﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﯽ اﻻﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (B‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)ج( زﯾﺎدة ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺰ اﻷﮐﺴﯿﻨﺎت ﻓﯽ اﻷﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (C‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)د( زﯾﺎدة ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺰ اﻟﮑﺎﯾﻨﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﯽ اﻷﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪. (D‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬ ، ‫( ﻓﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬GA3) 3 ‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ أدﻧﺎه دور ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﮏ‬. ‫ أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻵﺗﯽ‬،‫( ﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬GA3) 3 ‫ُﻣﺴﺘﻌﯿﻨ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﺪور ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﮏ‬ 12. ‫( وﺿﺢ ﮐﯿﻒ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮥ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬1).......................................................................................................................................................... 2022 ‫ﻋﺎم‬.‫ث‬ GA3..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫( ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺎط ﺟﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺬرة ؟‬2).......................................................................................................................................................... GA3. ‫( وﺿﺢ وﻇﯿﻔﮥ ) أﻫﻤﯿﮥ ( إﻧﺰﯾﻢ اﻷﻣﯿﻠﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬرة‬3).......................................................................................................................................................... . ‫( اﮐﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮥ ﺗﻔﮑﮏ اﻟﻨﺸﺎ‬4).......................................................................................................................................................... ‫( ﻣﺎ دور ﺳﮑﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺘﻮز ﻓﯽ إﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬرة ؟‬5)..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫( ﻣﺎ اﻟﺪور اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﯽ إﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬرة ؟‬6).......................................................................................................................................................... . GA3 - 3 ‫( ﺣﺪد ﺛﻼﺛﮥ ﻣﻦ وﻇﯿﻔﮥ ) أﻫﻤﯿﮥ ( ﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺠﺒﺮﯾﻠﯿﻦ‬7).......................................................................................................................................................... 2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬ 1.......................................................................................................................................................... 2.......................................................................................................................................................... 3 -: ‫( ﻓﯽ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻻﺗﯿﮥ‬GA3) ‫( ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ رش ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬8).............................................................................................................................  : ‫)أ( اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻘﺰﻣﮥ‬...........................................................................................................................  : ‫)ب( اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﮥ‬  -: ‫ اﺟﺐ ﻋﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﯽ‬. ‫( ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﻦ دور ًا ﻣﻬﻤ ًﺎ ﻓﯽ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻋﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺒﺬور‬9) ‫( أﺛﻨﺎء إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻋﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺒﺬور ؟‬GA3) ‫)أ( ﻣﺎ اﻟﺪور اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻋﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺒﺬور ؟‬GA3) ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺪم إﻧﺘﺎج ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫)ب( ﻣﺎ‬..........................................................................................................................................................   ‫( ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻀﺞ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ؟‬GA3) ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﮥ أﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﺑﺤﻤﺾ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﺮﯾﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬  ‫)ج( ﻣﺎ‬..........................................................................................................................................................  24  ‫ إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﮥ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺒﻬﺎت‬: ‫أو ًﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﮥ‬. ‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﮑﻞ ادﻧﺎه دور أﺣﺪ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﮥ‬ ‫ اﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﮥ اﻻﺗﯿﮥ‬، ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﯿﻨ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺘﮏ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬ 13. (a) ‫( أﮐﺘﺐ أﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯽ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﮥ‬1).......................................................................................................................................................... 2022 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬  -: ‫( اذﮐﺮ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ )أﻫﻤﯿﮥ ( ﮐﻞ ﻣﻦ‬2).......................................................................................................................  : ‫)أ( ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻣﯿﺜﯿﻞ ﺑﻨﺰوات‬........................................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................  : (C2H4) ‫)ب( ﻏﺎز اﻻﯾﺜﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬........................................................................................................................................................ 2021 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬  2022 ‫ﻋﺎم‬.‫ث‬ -: ‫( ﻓﺴﺮ ﮐ ًﻼ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﯽ‬3) ‫)أ( ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﯽ ﺣﺎوﯾﺎت ﻣﻠﯿﺌﮥ ﺑﺘﺮﮐﯿﺰ ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎز ﺛﺎﻧﯽ أﮐﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﮑﺮﺑﻮن أﺛﻨﺎء ﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ ؟‬ 2022 ‫ﺗﺠﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬ ‫( ؟‬b) ‫ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻣﺼﺪري اﻟﻔﺎﮐﻬﮥ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﮥ ﺛﺎﻧﯽ أﮐﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﮑﺮﺑﻮن ﻓﯽ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﮥ‬: ‫)أو( ﻓﺴﺮ‬..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫)ب( اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن و ﻣﺼﺪري اﻟﻔﻮاﮐﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﮑﻢ ﻓﯽ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻧﻀﺞ اﻟﻔﺎﮐﻬﮥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ؟‬.......................................................................................................................................................... 1.......................................................................................................................................................... 2023 ‫ﻋﺎم‬.‫ث‬ 2 ‫)ج( ﻏﺎز اﻹﯾﺜﯿﻠﯿﻦ ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻣﯿﺜﯿﻞ ﺑﻨﺰوات ؟‬..........................................................................................................................................................  ‫( ﻣﺎ دور ﻏﺎز اﻹﯾﺜﯿﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﯽ إﻧﻀﺎج اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ؟‬4).......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... 2022 ‫ﻋﺎم‬.‫ث‬  25