Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology - Introduction to Anatomy & Terminology - Spring 2024 PDF

Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Introduction to Anatomy and Terminology [email protected] Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Plan for Today and Learning Objectives Introduction to you, me, and the course. What is anatomy? Study tips Introduction to medical terminology...

Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Introduction to Anatomy and Terminology [email protected] Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Plan for Today and Learning Objectives Introduction to you, me, and the course. What is anatomy? Study tips Introduction to medical terminology – explain the meaning of common anatomical and medical prefixes, roots, and suffixes provided in the list posted on Canvas. Construction and deconstruction of anatomical and medical terms Course Aims To prepare students for the veterinary program, with regard to terminology and basic anatomy and physiology. To describe the integration of structural and functional relationships of major bodily systems relevant to clinical cases typically encountered in veterinary medicine. Course Coordinator: Dr. Sanet Kotze [email protected] Course Structure Teaching 3 - 4 Lectures/week No dissection Consult Canvas for information re: syllabus, lectures, books, additional information when available Consult Medtrics for scheduling Examinations 4 tests worth 15% each in weeks 3,6,9, and 11 Final worth 40% in week 14 Canvas What is Anatomy? Anatomy is the study of body structure and function. It can be studied at various levels: Macroscopic (gross) anatomy* Microscopic anatomy (histology) Molecular anatomy (biochemistry) Developmental anatomy (embryology) What use is anatomy to a veterinarian? Diagnosis Observation (looking at the patient) Palpation (touching the patient) Scoping (getting a closer look) Auscultation (listening) Percussion (tapping on the body wall to hear reflected sounds) Interpretation of diagnostic images (radiographs, CT scans, MR images, ultrasound images) Surgery Design and choose best surgical route to organs and body structures, including foreign bodies Must know relationships between organs! Anatomy Study Tips The dog is the basic model. Try to understand concepts rather than relying solely on memorization of facts. Learn the basics first, add the detail later. Keep it in small ‘bites’ Practice teaching it to someone else to spot your weaknesses. Anatomy Study Tips (continued) Use a variety of study techniques: Use active learning methods Work in teams Mnemonics Draw Look for patterns, common themes. Be precise and accurate. Spell correctly – write the words by hand. Notes: Example Title o = origin i = insertion a = action i = innervation Notice that all have same action. Notice that all have same innervation. Add in notes from lab or reading to help identify. Spelling is Important! Ilium Ischium Pubis ILEUM vs. ILIUM Think about the errors that could arise from misspellings in medical notes or on prescription forms. Incorrect spellings that inadvertently spell another anatomical structure will be marked as wrong in your exams! Terminology Most medical and anatomical terminology originates from ancient Greek (Gr. or Gk.) and Latin (Lat. or L.) Examples: Brachycephalic, from: ▪ brakhús (Gr.) = short ▪ kephalē (Gr.) = head Coronary arteries, from: ▪ corona (Lat.) = crown Terminology A glossary of common prefixes and suffixes is provided on Canvas. Use a medical dictionary to look up terminology when needed. Prefix examples: super-, supra-, hyper- epi- interintra- extratrans- infra- sub-, hypo- Supraorbital foramen Infraorbital foramen Per rectal palpation Epidermis Subcutaneous Hypodermic needle Intravenous injection Extracellular Intercostal space Transabdominal Terminology Word roots ArthroCardi(o)ChondroCystEnter(o)Gastr(o)HepatoNephrNeuroOsteo- PhrenoEpiploicCapitusCervicalThoracicLingualSternoBrachioCleidoOmoLatissimusRectus- Enterotomy Enterectomy Terminology Double double vowels are ‘ugly’ Para-axial becomes paraxial Epi-axial becomes epaxial Hypo-axial becomes hypaxial American English differs from English English. Fetus is foetus Feces is faeces Anatomical abbreviations: Singular: m. = muscle; n. = nerve; a. = artery; v. = vein; ln. = lymph node Plural: mm. = muscles; nn. = nerves; aa. = arteries; vv. = veins; lnn. = lymph nodes