1st Trim English Reviewer PDF

English 1st Trimestral Exam Reviewer By: Moira Dizon _____________________________________________________ Topics: I. Marks of an Educated Man II. Types of Textual Aids III. Delivering a Well-Constructed Persuasive Speech (Persuasion/Research/T...

English 1st Trimestral Exam Reviewer By: Moira Dizon _____________________________________________________ Topics: I. Marks of an Educated Man II. Types of Textual Aids III. Delivering a Well-Constructed Persuasive Speech (Persuasion/Research/Thesis Statement/ Modals) IV. IF by Rudyard Kipling V. Professions for Women by Virginia Woolf Marks of An Educated Man Nicholas Murray Butler Born on April 2, 1862 Was a middle class man President of the University of Columbia (1902-1945) Served as an advisor to international presidents Received a nobel prize Introduction Question: “what is the importance of education” Importance of education in acquiring habit and trails of a educated man “A reasonable amount of learning must of course accompany an education, but after all, that amount need not be very great in any one field Was published in 1931 by the New York Times Characteristics of an Educated Man Correctness and precision in use of the mother tongue - Importance of proper English Language skills - Correctness and precision in language use - An educated man is strongly attached to his origin and heritage. - An educated man knows how to communicate himself through his native language. Refined and Gentle Manners - “Manners make the man” - Manners as a reflection of fixed habits of thought and action - Manners are formed over time through constant exposure to situations and experiences. - There are certain things that gentlemen do not do, and they do not do them simply because they are bad manners - It is the way one conducts himself/herself even in the most uncomfortable situation.  Power and Habit of Reflection - “Human beings for the most part live wholly on the surface of life. They do not live beneath the surface or far beyond the present moment and that part of the future which is quickly to follow it. - The power to think deeply and reflect on things - Importance of reading classic works such as prose and poetry - “When one reflects long enough to ask the question how, he is on the way to knowing something about science. When he reflects long enough to ask the question why, he may if he persists, become a philosopher.” Power of Growth - Continuing to grow and develop from birth to death - Importance of adult education - “It would appear to be true that many human beings, even those who have had a school and college education continue to grow after they are 24-25 years of age.” - The ability to continue to grow and learn through life Efficiency (Power to do) - Importance of being able to do something with one's education - “The more visionary dreamer, however charming or however wise, lacks something which an education requires.” - The ability to take action and make things happen Figures of Speech (not really part of our course outline but was part of our 1st quiz) 1. Simile ○ Definition: A figure of speech comparing two different things using "like" or "as". ○ Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun." 2. Hyperbole ○ Definition: An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally, used for emphasis or effect. ○ Example: "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse." 3. Personification ○ Definition: Assigning human characteristics to non-human objects or abstract ideas. ○ Example: "The wind whispered through the trees." 4. Litotes ○ Definition: An understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. ○ Example: "Not bad" to mean "very good." Types of Textual Aid Visual interpretation or data or information used to help readers understand ideas more easily. Mind Map Used to link ideas to a central concept It branches out to expound each idea Concept Map Complex version of a mindmap Shows how ideas may be interlinked Venn Diagram Used to compare and contrast 2 different ideas Pie Chart Used to show what makes up a whole Timeline Shows progression of a series of events arranged based on time Line Graph Shows the progression of a series of events arranged based on time. Fishbone Map/Chart Cause and effect relationship Kaoru Ishikawa diagram Delivering a Well-Constructed Persuasive Speech Research Collection of data Documentation of critical information Analysis and interpretation of that data/information Most essential parts of research: 1. Introduction - Background of the study - General synopsis of the structure used - Focus of research - Scope 2. Review of related literature - Researches use and review other existing studies about the topic 3. Methodology - Systematic process that a researcher has used to produce credible results - The 2 types of methodology: - Qualitative: Applies words in collecting and interpreting data -Quantitative: Applies numbers/statistics to measure validity of data 4. Discussion and Result - Main point - How you are able to acquire results - New ideas produced while doing the study 5. Conclusion - Summary of all important data Elements of persuasion Ethos Ethics Establishing credibility Gaining trust of audience Pathos Pity Getting your audience to feel or relate Logos Logic Arguing based on reason or fact Modals Formula: Special verbs (auxiliary verbs/helping verbs) - Ex: Would + cook Special verbs:Will, would, shall, must, have to, need not, can, might, etc Types of Modals Prediction: Future: I will What you believe is gonna happen in the future, 100% possible/confident: I will describing and ability, giving advice, etc Hypothetical (past +future)/imagination: Would Possibility: May = more likely Expresses how likely something will happen Might = less likely Can = present ability Could = lost ability Necessity: Shall = promise Express obligation, something that is not Should = advice optional Must = obligation Have = has basis/needs basis Need = must do Need not = Not required Had better = only if consequence Thesis Statement Formula: Limited subject + modals +stance + reasons/evidence Ex: 500 Days of Summer should be recognized as a relatable cinematic experience because it candidly explores the complexities of modern relationships, illustrates the struggles of unrequited love, and emphasizes the journey of self-discovery that many individuals face in their romantic lives - Explanation:  - Subject: 500 Days of Summer - Modal: Should be - Position: as a relatable cinematic experience - Reasons: because it (1) candidly explores the complexities of modern relationships, (2) illustrates the struggles of unrequited love, and (3) emphasizes the journey of self-discovery that many individuals face in their romantic lives Summary Shortening the text for better understanding Short overview of the text Length is shorter compared to the original text Only main points are seen here Summary is a short overview of the text that only contains the main points for better understanding Paraphrase Stating something in your own words Rephrasing/retelling something for better understanding Information contains all details/data from original text Length can be shorter or longer Citation Is used to make your work credible and give credit to where you got your information from APA format (American Psychological Association) ○ Intext: (Last name, year, page) ○ Formula for reference: Last name, initial. (Year, month, day). Article title. Publication.Url MLA Format (Modern Language Association 9th edition) ○ Last name, First name. “Title of source.” Title of container, number/volume, publication date, location/page ○ List of references is called “Works cited” ○ (Journal) Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of Journal, vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number, Date of Publication, pp. First Page Number- Last Page Number if available, DOI, permalink or URL. ○ (Youtube Video) "Title of video." YouTube, uploaded by Screen Name, day month year, www.youtube.com/xxxxx.  Intext citation - brief reference within the text of a document that acknowledges the source of information or ideas, allowing readers to locate the full citation in the bibliography or reference list. - Formula: (Last name, year) (Last Name & Last name, Year) - Ex: The romantic drama 'The Notebook' illustrates the enduring power of love and memory, demonstrating how true connections can withstand the test of time (Sparks, 2004). - Parenthetical intext: The citation is presented at the end of the sentence - Students are prone to burnout, exhaustion, and sleep deprivation (Dizon, 2024). - Narrative intext: The citation is integrated directly into the sentence. - Ex: According to Hontiveros (2024) we, women, will not truly be free when our basic rights are routinely denied to us. We must continue to fight;there is no other way. Elements of persuasion Persuasive Text Used to convince readers Conventional Texts Type of writing which goal is to inform Advertisements Opinion articles Speeches Editorials Multimedia Texts Makes use of various media elements such as videos and images Pictures Online post Videos Pitch decks/PPT Facts Proven, and is backed up by evidence Verifiable, research, tested, has reference or statistics  Universable: Widely accepted/ has reliability Language: according to, numbers, data, research, findings Opinion An opinion is a statement that makes use of personal pronouns to deliver beliefs and feelings Cannot be verified Varies from person to person Fact based opinion: Makes use of facts to make opinion stronger Subject-Verb Agreement 1. The subject and verb must agree in number ○ Singular subject - Singular Verb ○ Plural subject - plural verb 2. Subject of a sentence will never be found in a prepositional phrase 3. The subject does not always appear before the verb 4. Subjects joined by AND take plural verb 5. Unless the compound subject refers to the same person on/is taken as one unit 6. When a collective noun refers to the individual members of a group, the verb takes the plural form 7. Each, every or no that comes before the subject is singular 8. Units of measurement take singular verb 9. All, any, more, most, none, some, that, goes with the object of the prepositional phrase can either be singular or plural depending on the object Pronoun Antecedent Subject/Noun = Antecedent Pronoun: Substitutes a noun in the sentence IF Rudyard Kipling English Short story writer Born in India, Bombay (colonized at the time) Also known for his other works “Jungle Book” & “White man's burden” Youngest nobel prize winner for literature IF Poem  Fathers advice to son to navigate life better Full of hypothetical scenarios Has a universal appeal given that it talks about morals and values that are timeless Theme: Manhood, resilience, and personal integrity Structure: ABAB Qualities: ○ Self control ○ Courage ○ Perseverance ○ Integrity ○ Humility ○ Wisdom ○ Adaptation ○ Adaptability ○ Empathy Literary Theory A way to understand and analyze literature Helps us see the role of literature in life These are our literary lenses Formalism A method of literary criticism Structure ○ Patterns of the text ○ Framework of the text Sound ○ Rhyming Sense ○ Meaning ○ How the text communicates emotions Reader Response Emotions, connections, and understanding Readers perspective only, background of author is not being considered A literary theory that focuses on the readers experience and interpretation of a text rather than the author's intent Emotional response - Readers emotional reaction to the text Personal connection - How the readers relate to the text  Professions for Women Feminism Feminism is the belief in and advocacy for equality between genders, aiming to eliminate discrimination, stereotypes, and social structures that disadvantage individuals based on gender. Virginia Woolf Born on January 25, 1882 in London England Women were subject to stereotypes Brothers organization Renewed English writer Was a editor for mens work Became a writer only to realize she’d face more challenges Created Stream of Consciousness - Mimics feelings of character - Uses overlapping scenarios Main Idea Explores challenges women face when pursuing professional careers, specifically her own experience in the field of writing/literature Society expects women to peruse traditional roles Key Challenges Women Face The Angel in the house: - This is a metaphor that women should be self sacrificing, passive, and devoted to pleasing others - This Angel in the House served as her conscience saying that she should obtain the traditional roles of women which hindered her from writing and expressing her thoughts freely. Patriarchal Opposition: - Even if women do enter professions, they still experience prejudice that limit their ambition and expression Woolf’s personal struggle with “The Angel in the House” Whenever she tried to write, the angel urged her to sugarcoat her thoughts and feelings Killing the Angel of the House “Killing” the angel symbolizes Woolf rejecting the idealized image of women. If she did not “kill” the angel then she would have not been able to freely express her thoughts and feelings in her writing. Fisherman She compares a female to a fisherman setting a net into the depths, like a fisherman, women set themselves out into the world searching for truth and personal experience. Men on the other hand can freely “fish” while women still encounter obstacles. In a feminist context, the fisherman can represent women's struggles to express themselves in a male-dominated society. Goodluck to everyone! Please dm me if I have failed to add anything.