Soil Science Exam PDF

AGRICULTURE LICENSURE EXAM REVIEWER SOIL SCIENCE EXAM Set 1 1. The soil order of organic soils a. Histosol...

AGRICULTURE LICENSURE EXAM REVIEWER SOIL SCIENCE EXAM Set 1 1. The soil order of organic soils a. Histosols b. Entisols c. Andisols d. Mollisols 2. Soil particles whose size is less than 1 micron a. Soil colloids b. Sand c. Silt d. Organic matter 3. The original source of most organic matter in soil is a. Plant residues b. Bodies of dead animals and insects c. Soil inhabiting microorganisms d. Rocks 4. The orderly arrangement of atoms in the clay crystalline structure a. Lattice structure b. Layered structure c. Octahedron d. Tetrahedron 5. The process whereby ions absorbed on the surface of soil colloids are exchanged for ions in the soil solution. a. Anion exchange b. Cation exchange c. Ion exchange d. Isomorphous substitution 6. Compute the base saturation of a soil with a CEC of 100me/100gm and whose exchange sites are occupied by 20 me/100gm of basic cations. a. 20% b. 25% c. 60% d. 80% 7. A civil engineer is a a. Edaphologist b. Pedologist c. Petrologist d. Anthrophologist 8. The parent material correspond to horizon a. AB b. C c. D d. ABCD 9. The mineral supplying P is a. Feldspar b. Apetite c. Talc d. Pyrite 10. The hardest mineral is: a. Diamond b. Talc c. Quartz d. Apatite 11. The major form of nitrogen in the soil a. Elemental b. Inorganic c. Organic d. Available 12. The soil profile is found in the a. Core b. Mantle c. Crust d. Moho layer 13. The microorganisms responsible for the conversion of nitrite to nitrate. a. Azotobacter b. Mycorrhizae c. Nitrobacter d. Nirosomas 14. The basic elements lost in weathering are; a. Fe, Al b. Ca, Mg c. Zn, Mn d. C, H 15. One of the most variable soil components is a. Mineral water b. Organic matter c. Soil water d. Sand 16. The dark color of igneous rock is usually caused by: a. Quartz b. Feldspar c. Calcite d. Ferromagnesium minerals 17. The loss of nitrogen into the atmosphere in the form of ammonia a. Ammonification b. Denitrification c. Nitrification d. Volatilization 18. The physical state of the soil as relates to plant growth is known as soil a. Texture b. Consistency c. Tilth d. Structure 19. It is considered as one of the cause of the causes of soil acidity a. Crop rotation b. Irrigation c. Leaching of bases d. Liming 20. The entry of surface applied water into soil is known as: a. Infiltration b. Percolation c. Seepage d. Erosion 21. It is also known as white alkali soil a. Alkaline b. Saline c. Saline-sodic d. Sodic 22. This ion is absorbed with the least force to soil particles a. Na b. Ca c. H d. Al 23. The lime produced by hydrating Calcium oxide a. CaCO3 b. CaO c. CaMg (CO 3)2 d. Ca (OH2) 24. The hydraulic pressure of water held in the soil by capillary forces of attraction is a. Zero b. Positive c. Negative d. 10,000 25. The element in the soil that reacts with the liming material during the process of neutralization a. Hydrogen b. Magnesium c. Potassium d. Sodium 26. Where a complete cloud cover is present, the component of solar radiation that is maximum intensity at ground level is a. Light b. Infrared c. Ultraviolet d. Far red 27. The group of soil microorganisms, which have the ability to photosynthesize a. Algae  b. Fungi c. Nematodes d. Protozoa 28. The cation exchange capacity of a soil is a measure of a. The force of bonding between the soil and exchangeable cations b. The negative charge of the soil neutralized by easily replaceable cations c. The speed, with which ions added to the soil solution become absorbed on soil particle surfaces d. Acidity 29. These are produced by soil organisms, which also allow them to use some toxins in the soil as food a. Antibiotics b. Energy c. Enzymes d. Humus 30. In illuvial horizon in a soil is designated by the symbol a. A1 b. A2 c. B2 d. O2 31. The stable fraction of soil organic matter that remains after decomposition a. Carbohydrates b. Carbon c. Humus d. Organic 32. During the dry season plant roots are naturally supplied with water through a. Infiltration b. Capillary c. Percolation d. Leaching 33. A method of soil fertility evaluation whereby nutrients are known before a crop is planted a. Biological test b. Plant analysis c. Soil test d. Nutrient deficiency symptoms 34. Which of the following has the highest Ph dependent negative charges? a. OM b. illite c. Montmorillonite d. Kaolinite 35. An incomplete fertilizer materials contain: a. N, P and K b. N only c. K only d. N and P 36. The dominant basic cation in agricultural soil is a. Na b. K c. Mg d. Ca 37. At the same level of OM, which will have the highest water holding capacity? a. Loamy sand b. Clay loam c. Clay d. Sandy loam 38. A fertilizer recommendation of 90-60-60 can be satisfied by the application of a. 1 bag 45-0-0 and 8 bags 14-14-14/hectare b. 5 bags 20-0-0, 6 bags 0-20-0 and 2 bags 0-0-60/hectare c. 3 bags 20-0-0 and 8 bags 15-15-15/ha d. 4 bags 45-0-0, 6 bags 0-18-0 and 2 bags 0-0-60/ha 39. This is used in determining soil color a. Color wheel b. LCC c. Munsell colorchart d. Moh’s sclale 40. It is one of the examples of carbonates of lime a. Calcite b. Calcium oxide c. Gypsum d. Magnesium hydroxide 41. This microelement is a component of a protein and chlorophyll and is the most limiting element in crop production except legumes a. Nitrogen  b. Phosphorus c. Potassium d. Calcium 42. It is an inorganic fertilizer material, which is also a source of sulfur a. Ammonium phosphate b. Muriate of potash c. Gypsum d. Urea 43. The macronutrient is a metal component of chlorophyll and is deficient in acid upland soil a. Nitrogen b. Calcium c. Magnesium d. Copper 44. The most important step in soil chemical test. a. Sample drying b. Reagent preparation c. Sieving d. Soil sampling 45. This micronutrient is needed in nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants and is usually deficient in acid upland soil a. Zinc b. Molybdenum c. Iron d. Manganese 46. This is not one of the requirements for the process of nitrification a. Aerobic condition b. Ammonium ions c. Nitrate ions d. Organisms 47. The most dominant soil microflora are a. Insects b. Bacteria c. Algae d. Fungi 48. One of the following is an organic source of nitrogen a. Ammonium nitrate b. Ammonium phosphate c. Ammonium phosphate d. Urea 49. The soil microflora with the highest biomass are a. Bacteria b. Actinomycetes c. Algae d. Fungi 50. The phosphate fertilizer is manufactured by the reaction of the appetite with sulfuric acid and water. a. Ammonium phosphate b. Complete c. Ordinary superphosphate d. Triple superphosphate 51. This N is an acidifying process a. Denitrification b. Nitrogen fixation c. Nitrification d. Volatilization 52. A localized fertilizer placement whereby materials are placed along the side of the growing crop’s rows at the time most satisfactory to the crop. a. Banding b. Basal c. Sidedressing d. Topdressing 53. Microorganisms that are most active in the decaying of organic substances in soils are: a. Autotrops b. Aerobes c. Anaerobes d. Phototrophs 54. The process of nutrient movement from the soil to roots which is largely dependent to root growth.  a. Absorption b. Diffusion c. Mass flow d. Root interception 55. Once a soil has been placed under cultivation, its organic matter content usually a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains relatively unchanged d. All of the above 56. It states that the yield of the plant is regulated by nutrient present in the lowest amount relative to its optimum requirements a. Mineral theory b. Law of minimum c. Humus theory d. Stoke’s law 57. Nitrogen is the most limiting element in crop production except for legumes. The available form of nitrogen is a. Organic matter b. Nitrate c. Ammonium d. Both A and C 58. The capacity of the soil to supply nutrients element in right amount and correct proportion a. Availability b. Soil fertility c. Soil productivity d. Rate of reproduction 59. A soil chemical property, which largely control nutrient availability and microbial activities a. Buffering capacity b. Cation exchange capacity c. Soil Ph d. Soil conductivity 60. Nutrient deficiency symptom is referred to as the language of the crop. What is the term used to describe general yellowing of leaves as a result of deficiency of some nutrient element? a. Necrotic b. Chlorosis c. Plasmolysis d. Defective 61. Alkali soils with Ph less than 8.5 and an electrical conductivity equal to or greater 4mmhos/cm a. Alkaline b. Saline c. Saline sodic d. Sodic 62. Deficiency indicates low level of nutrient elements while this term indicates excessive level nutrient elements in the plants or soil a. Sufficiency b. Toxicity c. Hidden hunger d. Poverty adjustment 63. A problem soil usually found low-lying areas, mining area characterized by excessive amount of heavy metals. a. Mine-tailing affected soil b. Peat c. Saline d. Saline-sodic 64. The nutrient element in organic matter and minerals are considered unavailable. The most available form of nutrient element are: a. Soil solution b. Exchangeable c. Fixed d. Occluded 65. The most accurate method of assessing soil fertility a. Nutrient deficiency symptom b. Field experiment c. Plant analysis d. Soil analysis 66. Continuous flooding such in waterlogged lowland rice soils causes reduction of soils, which decreases the availability of these essential elements. a. N, P, K b. Zn, S and Cu c. Ca, Mg and S d. Mo, Mn and Cu 67. The advantage of organic fertilizer over inorganic fertilizer is a. Higher analysis b. Immediate effect c. More available d. Long term effect 68. Soil acidity is due to the presence of both Al+++ and H+ ions in the soil. The hydrolysis of 1 mole at Al+++ gives rise to + a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 moles of H ions 69. Soil acidity is one of the most expensive soil problems in crop production. To alleviate soil acidity, which among these soil amendments is applied? a. Sulfur b. Lime c. Organic fertilizer d. Urea 70. The enzyme responsible for nitrogen fixation a. Nitrate reductase b. Catalase c. Nitrogenase d. Carboxylase 71. The conversion of ammonium (NH4) into organic N a. Immobilization b. Fixation c. Mineralization d. Nitrification 72. One of the choices below is not a factor that determines the amount of lime to apply a. Lime requirement of the crop b. Soil organic matter c. Soil texture d. Time and frequency of liming 73. Of the following, the one that is not carbohydrate is a. Lignin b. Starch c. Cellulose d. Hemicellulose 74. The most prominent and numerous soil microorganisms a. Algae b. Actinomytes c. Bacteria d. Fungi 75. The percentage of organic N in the soil is approximately a. 96-98% b. 78-80% c. 68-75% d. 50-60% 76. Soil management, which increases availability of absorbed P in acid upland soils a. Fertilizer application b. Liming c. Organic matter application d. Prolonged anaerobic conditions 77. The most efficient organic matter decomposers under acidic soil condition are the a. Bacteria b. Actinomycetes c. Fungi d. Protozoa 78. The trade name of potassium chloride fertilizer a. Ammophos b. Muriate of potash c. Solophos d. Sulfate of potash 79. It is an indicator of biological activity in the soil a. Soil structure b. Soil respiration c. Soil fertility d. Soil oxidation 80. Blocks of soil from each horizon posted on hard board  a. Regolith b. Monolith c. Litolith d. Pedon 81. When nutrients are immobile deficiency first shows up in a. Youngest leaves b. Oldest leaves c. Senescent leaves d. Stems 82. Soil application of fertilizer after plant emergence a. Basal b. Topdressing c. Foliar d. Deep placement 83. Soil texture can be described effectively in the filed a. Touch method b. Pinch method c. Hydrometer d. Feel and roll method 84. The percent N, P2O 5 and K2O in a fertilizer a. Fertilizer ratio b. Fertilizer grade c. Fertilizer recommendation d. Fertilizer brand 85. In the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the soil cover and management factor are represented by a. R b. K c. P d. C 86. A soil condition usually associated with acidity problem is: a. Fine texture b. Level topography c. Poor internal drainage d. Soil acidity 87. A textual class consisting of a mixture of equal amounts of sand, silt and clay a. Sandy soil b. Clayey soil c. Silty soil d. Loamy soil 88. Soils in this category have the same color, texture, consistency, thickness and reaction (Ph) and have the same number and arrangement and similar chemical and mineralogical properties a. Soil series b. Soil order c. Great group d. Family 89. The basic cation, which enhances aggregation a. Ca b. Na c. K d. Mg 90. The property of the soil that enables water, air or roots to move through it a. Infiltration b. Density c. Permeability d. Percolation 91. The El Nino phenomenon created a global problem in agriculture. This problem is manifested by wide cracks in the soils. The cracks is due to the predominance of a. Kaolinite b. Montmorillionite c. Vermiculite d. Elite clays 92. The common bulk density value of volcanic ash soils. a. 0.1 to 0.7g/cc b. 0.5 to 0.9g/cc c. 0.9 to 1.2g/cc d. >1,75g/cc 93. The global stock of water in the ground water a. 97% b. 2% c. 0.7% d. micropores b. Macropores