Q2 Itwr Hinduism PDF

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Dear Lord and Father of all. Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all. For your protection, blessing and love, we thank you. Help us today to focus our hearts and minds on what we’re about to learn. Inspire us, as we listen and write on our lessons. Give us wisdom and i...

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Dear Lord and Father of all. Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all. For your protection, blessing and love, we thank you. Help us today to focus our hearts and minds on what we’re about to learn. Inspire us, as we listen and write on our lessons. Give us wisdom and intelligence to answer all the activities, questions and test that we’re about to do. Guide us this time as we discover more about the world around us. We ask all this in Jesus name we pray. Amen. Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems 2nd Quarter Hinduism  OBJECTIVES: A. Identify the different Dharmic Religion; B. Understand the importance of Dharma to Hinduism; C. Know the Historical Background and Symbol of Hinduism; D. Differentiate the Gods and Goddesses in Hinduism; E. Differentiate the Books in Vedas; F. State the 10 avatars of Vishnu and the four Yoga; G. Value the importance of the Belief and Doctrines in Hinduism; H. Potraying one of the Gods/Godesses through Portray in a Picture  GUIDE QUESTIONS: o Give the 3 Dharmic religion. o Who are the founders of Hinduism? o Give one of the Sacred Scriptures in Hinduism. o Who are the Gods and Goddesses in Hinduism? o Give one of the ten avatars of Vishnu. o What are the four yoga in Hinduism and explain the difference of the four. o What are the sects/division in Hinduism? o How do we react on the different social issues that this religion may have? o Why do we need to understand and learn the Hinduism Religion? Explain.  ART OF CHOOSING Instruction: Choose if the pictures are under Hinduism or not. “HINDUISM” or “NOT HINDUISM” DHARMIC RELIGIONS Hinduism Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism  Dharma § The word “Dharma” has no exact and specific translation in the Western Languages. § For the Hindus, it could mean an individual’s appropriate behavior or duty to be fulfilled in observance of custom or law. § For the Buddhists, it could mean universal law and order, or the Buddha’s teaching itself.  HINDUISM § World’s third largest religion. § Considered as the oldest and most complex of all world religions.  SYMBOL § primordial sound from which the universe was created. § The three syllables: A (to be born) U (rise up/fly) M (to become silent)  Historical Background § The term “Hindu” originated from the Persian word hindu (in Sanskrit sindhu) which means river. § It also refers to the people of the Indus Valley – the Indians (Bowker 1997) § The name Hinduism was given in the 19th century to describe the wide array of belief systems in India. § Hinduism was originally known as “Arya Dharma” or the “Aryan Way”.  Sacred Scriptures § The sacred texts of Hinduism have been principally passed down throughout generations by way of music, recitation, dance, and drama. § Two classes of Sacred Writings of Hindus 1. Shruti 2. Smriti  Sacred Scriptures SHRUTI § literally means “that which is heard” § They are regarded as eternal truths that were passed orally. The four collections of texts of the Vedas form the shruti. § Other writing that form part of shruti include the Samhitas, Brahmanas ,Upanishads and a few  VEDAS Sacred Scriptures § The four vedic books, which are sacrificial hymns compiled from an early tradition. 1. Rig-veda (MANTRAS) 2. Sama-veda (SONGS) 3. Yajur-veda (RITUALS) 4. Atharva-veda (SPELLS) § The word veda means “knowledge” or “sacred lore”  VEDAS Sacred Scriptures § The vedas are the earliest known Sanskrit literature from the Brahmanic period and oldest scriptures of Hinduism. § In the great epic Mahabharata, Brahma was said to have created the Vedas. Rig-veda is the most important and oldest book. - It is also the oldest living religious literature of the world. Collection of over a thousand hymns and more than thousand verses dedicated to the Aryan pantheon of gods.  VEDAS Sacred Scriptures § Yajur-veda or the “knowledge of rites” is the second book. - A compilation of materials recited during rituals and sacrifices to deities. § Sama-veda or the “knowledge of chants” is the third book. - This book is a collection of verses from basic hymns recited by priests during sacrifices. VEDAS Sacred Scriptures § Atharva-veda or “knowledge given by the sage Atharva” the fourth book. - It contains numerous spells and incantations for medicinal purposes and magical aids to victory in battle among others.  Sacred Scriptures § Each Vedas consist of four main parts, the Mantras, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads. § Mantras – are hymns and chants for praising god. § Brahmanas – are explanations of the Mantras with detailed descriptions of sacrificial ceremonies related to them. § Aranyakas - are meditations that explicate their meaning. § Upanishads – secret teachings transcend rituals to elucidate the nature of the universe and human connectedness to it. Upanishads are called Vedanta.  Sacred Scriptures Fundamental Teaching Treatises about Hinduism 1. Karma (action) 2. Samsara (reincarnation) 3. Moksha (nirvana) 4. Atman (soul) 5. Brahman (Absolute almighty)  Sacred Scriptures SMRITI § Smriti literally means “that which has been remembered” § The great epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, which contains the philosophical poem Bhagavad Gita. These are the national epics of India and considered to be the sacred texts of the masses where they draw their values and ideals.  Sacred Scriptures GREAT EPICS: Ramayana & Mahabharata § The Ramayana, translated as the “story of Rama” or “Rama’s Journey” is a Sanskrit epic poem written by the poet Valmiki consisting of 24,000 verses in seven books. § The Mahabharata is a Sanskrit literature of old India which is composed of around one hundred thousand verses making it the world’s longest poem. The author is Vyasa who is also considered to be the scribe of the Vedas. § The Mahabharata tells of a great struggle among the descendants of king called Bharata, a name used by many Indians to mean “India”.  Sacred Scriptures Bhagavad Gita § Bhagavad Gita is translated as “the Lord’s Song”. § It instructs any person that one may reach god through devotion, knowledge, or selfless action. § Humans must do their duty or dharma whatever it may be and whatever results it could produce.  Beliefs & Doctrines o Offers many paths to salvation. o May find liberation from the cycle of life through devotion to one or more gods. o Gods and goddesses can be worshipped at their temples. o Devotees can pray and offer sacrifices so that they can gain favor from deities and assist them in their struggle for salvation.  Beliefs & Doctrines Routes to Moksha o First, every soul dies and is reborn anew in new form (this cycle is called samsara) o Second, one’s deeds have an effect in this or future life. o Last, one may escape the weary round of death and birth. o Within every human is an eternal soul or atman that is being reborn many times and in various forms in accordance to the moral law or Karma. o A soul may escape the cycle of rebirth and attain moksha. This particular liberation can be achieved through the four yogas that involve a system of practices aimed at producing spiritual enlightenment.  Beliefs & Doctrines Routes to Moksha § The word yoga is derived from the root word yuj which translates as “to yoke” or “to join” § Patanjali is considered as the “father of modern yoga” as he codified the teachings of yoga in his Yoga Sutra.  The Four Yogas THE FOUR YOGAS PRACTICES JNANA YOGA The path of knowledge, wisdom, (The Way of Knowledge) introspections, and contemplation The path of devotion, emotion, love, BHAKI YOGA compassion, and service to God and (The Way of Love) others. The path of action, service to others, KARMA YOGA mindfulness, and remembering the levels (The Way of Work) of our being while fulfilling our actions or karma in the world The path of meditation that directly deals RAJA YOGA with the encountering and transcending (The Way of Meditation) thoughts of the mind.  Beliefs & Doctrines § For all Hindus, there are four desirable goals of life. These are the following: 1. Dharma (appropriate behavior) 2. Artha (the pursuit of legitimate worldly success) 3. Kama (the pursuit of legitimate pleasure) 4. Moksha (release from rebirth)  GODS & GODDESSES Devotion to the trimurti § The Brahman is often seen in three forms or functions called Trimurti, these are creation, preservation and destruction. § These fuctions are expressed in god forms, namely, Brahma (the creator); Vishnu (The preserver); and Shiva (the destroyer) § Brahma has four heads and eight hands, his chief consort is Saraswati, the goddess of science and wisdom.  GODS & GODDESSES Devotion to the trimurti § Vishnu known as the god of love, benevolence, and forgiveness. As the preserver, the creation is withdrawn to a seed whenever he sleeps but rises again as he wakes up. § He is worshiped in various forms of his incarnations or avatars. § Based on mythology, Vishnu has appeared on earth in nine different forms and will come a tenth time to end the present era or kalpa to bring the world to an end, and then recreate it.  The ten avatars of vishnu INCARNATION FORM ATTRIBUTES 1. Mutsya Fish Saved humanity and the sacred Veda texts from flood 2. Kurma Turtle Helped create the world by supporting it on his back 3. Varaha Boar Raised the earth out of water with his tusks 4. Narasimha Half-man, Destroyed a tyrant king half-lion 5. Vamana Dwarf Subdued king Bali, a powerful demon 6. Parshurama Brahmin Destroyed the warrior class 7. Rama Man Rescued his wife Sita and killed the demon Ravana 8. Krishna Man Told the epic poem Bhagavad Gita to warrior Arjuna 9. Buddha Man The enlightened man 10. Kalki Horse Yet to come to earth  GODS & GODDESSES Devotion to the trimurti § Lakshmi, Vishnu’s wife and goddess of fortune, who is seated on a lotus between two elephants w/ their trunks raised above her. § Vishnu and Lakshmi is the symbol of the sky and the sun. § Shiva – a destroyer and the god of death, destruction, and disease. (the third Trimurti). He is also god of dance, vegetable, animal, and human production.  GODS & GODDESSES § Durga is a powerful goddess created from the combined forces of the anger of several gods. § Parvati is the goddess of love, fertility, and devotion, is the modest, and conservative. Wife of Shiva. § Ganesha, the elephant-headed deity revered as the remover of obstacles. Shiva and Parvati’s son. § Kartikeya is the Hindu god of war. § Hanuman is monkey god.  GODS & GODDESSES GODS and GODDESSES PERSONIFICATION or ATTRIBUTES 1. Indra Leader of the devas or gods; the lord of heaven in Hinduism; god of rain and thunderstorms. 2. Agri god of fire; messenger of the gods 3. Adityas Sun-gods 4. Mitra Deity for honesty, friendship, contracts, and meetings 5. Varuna God of the water; god of law of the underwater world 6. Ushas Deity of dawns 7. Savitr Solar deity 8. Rudra Deity of wind and storm  GODS & GODDESSES GODS and GODDESSES PERSONIFICATION or ATTRIBUTES 9. Pushan Solar deity; god of meeting 10. Brihaspati Deity and religion 11. Dyaus Pita Sky god; father sky 12. Prithvi Mother earth 13. Surya Chief solar deity; the sun 14. Vayu Lord of the winds 15. Apas Water 16. Parjanya Thunder and rain  Worship and Observances § Hindi scriptures state that there are 330 million gods or devas. § Hindu worship sacred images and temples believed to house and represent the deities. § Hindi worship individually involving mantras (prayers) or vibrating sounds that summon the deity and the gift offerings. § Hindu celebrated festivals that are based on the Hindu calendar.  Worship and Observances § Main festivals include Holi, Diwali, and Dusserah. § The Diwali or “Festival of Lights” the India’s biggest and most important holiday of the year held in October or November that is similar to Christmas holiday of the Christians. § Pilgrimages are also undertaken by Hindus throughout India to visit the sacred shrines of their deities, rivers, mountains, and temples.  Worship and Observances § The city of Varnasi, also called Benares – is the most important and sacred pilgrimage site in India and is considered as the home of Shiva. § Kurukshetra – the place of the great war in Mahbaharata § Ayodhya – the old capital of Rama § Mathura – Krishna’s birthplace  SUBDIVISIONS/SECTS § Four principal denominations within Hindu faith: Shaivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism and Smartism. § Each sect has its own religious leaders, sacred texts, schools, and temples. § Shaivism – Lord Shiva; the compassionate One, is God for the Saivites. Followers of Shaivism value self-discipline and philosophy. They worship in temples and practice yoga.  SUBDIVISIONS § Shaktism – Goddess Shakti is supreme for shaktas. She is the divine mother and assumes many forms, be it a gentle one or a fierce deity. Believers use chants, magic, and yoga to summon cosmic forces. § Vaishnavism – Lord Vishnu is God for the Vaishnavites, especially in his incarnations Krishna and Rama. Adherents have multitudes of saints, temples, and sacred texts.  SUBDIVISIONS § Smartism – For the Smartas, devotees are left to choose their own deity in one of six manifestations, namely, Ganesha, Siva, Shakti, Vishnu, Surya, and Skanda. § Smartas are known as liberals as they embrace all major Hindu gods.  SELECTED ISSUES § Hinduism and Women - Manusmriti or the “Laws of Manu” states that women should be honored in Hindu society, women have always been considered inferior to men in almost all aspects of life. - In traditional society, women are expected to perform sati or suttee wherein widowed women are expected to jump on the funeral pyre of their husband to prove their loyalty and help save the soul of their husband in the afterlife.  SELECTED ISSUES § Caste system A system of social class composed of the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Dalits. By fulfilling their duties and accepting their dharma, they may be born to a better caste in their next lives. § Caste system SELECTED ISSUES Untochability has been banned and the caste system is no longer rigid. The Indian constitution has provided that is is unlawful to discriminate against lower castes. Lower caste members are now elected to key government positions. Kocheril R. Narayanan, a dalit who became the tenth president of India from 1997 to 2002. PORTRAY IN A PICTURE Instructions: Character Portrayal of Gods and Goddesses in Hinduism The class will be group into 10 groups and will pick one of the Gods/Goddesses in Hinduism Only one of the members will portray the character Use costumes and props to portray the character PORTRAY IN A PICTURE Take a picture of the person in charge to portray the character then print and put it on the half of 1/8 illustration board Design the background of the illustration board and on the bottom part write the name of the God/Goddesses and put some fun facts about it. PORTRAY THE GOD/GODDESSES RUBIRCS FOR PORTRAY THE GOD/GODDESSES Character Portrayal 10 Costume 10 Creativity 5 Content 5 Resourcefulness 5 Total 35 points