Philippine Electronics Code (Book 4) PDF

PHILIPPINE ELECTRONICS CODE (BOOK 4) DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM Table of contents 01 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM 02 THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS 03 THE RF MATERIAL DESIGN CRITERIA 04 THE DAS INSTALLATION 05 THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS 06 THE DAS PHYSICAL & LO...

PHILIPPINE ELECTRONICS CODE (BOOK 4) DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM Table of contents 01 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM 02 THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS 03 THE RF MATERIAL DESIGN CRITERIA 04 THE DAS INSTALLATION 05 THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS 06 THE DAS PHYSICAL & LOGICAL INSTALLATION & QUALITY ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS PRACTICES CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM The Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is an In-Building solution consisting of a number of pico cells to provide wireless coverage and services using 2G, 3G, 4G and even future 5G wireless access technology. Definite number of antennas constitutes one single sector and are strategically installed inside a building/compound to serve targeted objectives as one entity. In an In-Building Solution, one sector serves a group of dedicated antennas in the building, which are strategically grouped. CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM SECTOR A sector is defined as the division in a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in which it has its own resources and provides wireless services to a particular number of users. Three sectors comprise one Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and can be adjusted depending on the building service/capacity requirements that will benefit its users. Wi-Fi and Trunk radio communication system is implemented separately from the DAS CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM Schematic Diagram of a Distributed Antenna System CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM CLASSES OF DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS 1. INDIVIDUAL DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM (IDAS) ▪ The service is limited to one wireless service provider or operator only. ▪ It means that it is the only signal being propagated on the antennas in the system, which is provided by a single operator. ▪ The operator shall deploy the best possible technology in addressing the needs of the customers in that building. CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM CLASSES OF DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS Schematic Diagram of an Individual Distributed Antenna System (IDAS) CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM CLASSES OF DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS 2. COMMON DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM(CDAS) Several wireless service providers or operators utilize a shared or common system. Every antenna in the DAS is simultaneously propagating different wireless services provided by wireless service providers who have agreed to share the common DAS. CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM CLASSES OF DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS Schematic Diagram of a Common Distributed Antenna System (CDAS) CHAPTER 1: THE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM CLASSES OF DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS STANDARDS FOR COMMON DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS (CDAS) Service providers must deploy the best available technology to meet building customer needs. The lead service provider must supply a multi-operator combiner that meets the RF specifications in Chapter 2, Tables 12 or 13. The building owner must provide a dedicated equipment room for the combiner, which all service providers will connect to. The lead service provider will handle testing and optimization during the acceptance process, submitting walktest results and site performance stats, with representatives present for acceptance.  CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA THE RF ANTENNA RF antennas operate based on fundamental principles of electromagnetism. When an RF signal is applied to an antenna, it generates an electromagnetic field, which radiates energy into space. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA PICO OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA This radiates or intercepts radio- frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields equally in all horizontal directions in flat and 2D geometric planes. Normally used in many consumers' RF wireless devices such as wireless routers and telephone sets. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA General Technical Specifications of an Omni-directional Antenna CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA DIRECTIONAL / PANEL ANTENNA This is designed to focus its radio frequency (RF) energy in a specific direction, rather than radiating signals equally in all directions like an omni- directional antenna. To expand signal coverage or fill signal blind area where signal is weak or unavailable. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA General Technical Specifications of a Directional/ panel Antenna CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA FOR MICROCELLS Generally used to provide coverage in an open parking, lifts and elevators. It ensures continuous communication by focusing RF signals in a specific direction, enabling a stable connection despite movement. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF ANTENNA General Technical Specifications of a Panel Antenna for Microcell CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES RF cables are specialized cables used to transmit radio frequency signals in various communication and electronic systems, designed to handle high- frequency signals without significant loss or interference. Two Types of Cable: Feeder/ RF Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics Cable CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES FEEDER / COAXIAL CABLE Transmits radio waves from the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to the Distributed Antenna System (DAS), with a corrosion-resistant copper or aluminum core and protective insulation. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES TWO MAJOR FEEDER CABLE SIZES 𝟓 𝟏 Feeder Cable 𝟖 Lower signal loss Used in long cable runs (exceeding 50 meters) Higher power capacity, suitable for high- frequency and high-power applications More expensive than smaller cables due to its larger size and better performance. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES 5 General Technical Specifications of a 1 Feeder Cable 8 CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES TWO MAJOR FEEDER CABLE SIZES 𝟕 Feeder Cable 𝟖 Ideal for shorter cable runs UV-resistant jacket compatible with most RF systems. Commonly used in DAS, and radio communication for cost-effective setups. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES TWO MAJOR FEEDER CABLE SIZES 𝟕 Feeder Cable 𝟖 Lower signal loss Used in long cable runs (exceeding 50 meters) Higher power capacity, suitable for high-frequency and high-power applications More expensive than smaller cables due to its larger size and better performance. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES 7 General Technical Specifications of a 8 Feeder Cable CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES JUMPER CABLES Provide flexible and reliable connections between rigid feeder cables and antennas or other equipment. It is shorter than feeder cables and have low attenuation to ensure minimal signal loss. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES General Technical Specifications of a Jumper Cable CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES RADIATING CABLES OR LEAKY CABLES Leaky cables are mainly used for blind area where radio waves are not good to propagate, such as tunnels, rail transit, and mines. Which have the characteristics of large transmission power, low voltage standing wave ratio, and low loss. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES General Technical Specifications of a Radiating Cables or Leaky Cables CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES FIBER OPTICS CABLES A type of transmission medium that uses light to transmit data. An Optical Fiber is a cylindrical fiber of glass that is hair-thin in size or any transparent dielectric medium. Extremely high bandwidth (capable ultra-fast communication of transmitting large amounts of data over long distances with Immunity to Interference minimal loss). CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES General Technical Specifications of a Fiber Optics Cable CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES TWISTED PAIR CABLES This cable is used to connect transport equipment to the BTS. Twisted Pair Cables CAT5 Cable CAT6 Cable CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS THE RF CABLES TWISTED PAIR CABLES CAT6 features more stringest specifications for crosstalk and system noise CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS COMBINERS, COUPLERS, SPLITTERS COMBINERS, COUPLERS, SPLITTERS A. COMBINERS DIXPLEXER - simplest form of multiplexer, which can split signals from one common part into many different paths. TRIPLEXER 4-Way Combiner 6-Way Combiner CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS COMBINERS, COUPLERS, SPLITTERS B. COUPLERS unbalanced coupler that distributes power unevenly with low loss on the first output port while high lows on the second port. DIRECTIONAL COUPLER CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS COMBINERS, COUPLERS, SPLITTERS C. SPLITTERS Balanced couplers that split two cable systems and distribute power evenly. 2-WAY SPLITTER 3-WAY SPLITTER 4-WAY SPLITTER CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS COMBINERS, COUPLERS, SPLITTERS HYBRID COUPLERS a type of directional coupler where the input power is equally dividet between two output ports. Typically, it can be used to combine two frequency bands. For IBS installation, if the second output port will not be used it shall be properly terminated with a dummy load. Usually, a 50W dummy load is being used. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS COMBINERS, COUPLERS, SPLITTERS DUMMY LOAD a device used to simulate an electrical load. In IBS, it is usually utilized as an electrical load for the second output port in a hybrid coupler CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS RF EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVALS RF EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVALS All RF materials to be used in any rollout shall conform to the international standards set by IFC and IEEE. Qualification test shall be performed according to the following international standards. Mechanical Tests are designed to show that the cable performance does not suffer from the bending that occurs during installation. A small bending moment indicates easy handling during installation. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS RF EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVALS Qualification test shall be performed according to the following international standards. Thermal Expansion and Temperature Test is a temperature cycling tests demonstrate that the connector-cable interface maintains a high contact pressure after a long time of operation in outside environment ensuring stable and reliable electrical performance. Corrosion Test is performed through a salt spray tests over a long period of time, performed on cable assemblies attached with connectors and grounding kits without any sealing, it have long term reliability under extreme conditions that would only occur in case of installation faults or damage sealing. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS RF EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVALS Qualification test shall be performed according to the following international standards. Weather Protection is a sealing type of test to demonstrate the long-term tightness at an overpressure that is double of what can be expected at any place of the world due to changes of the atmospheric pressure. Electromagnetic Discharge is a form of lightning test to confirm the ability to withstand high current pulses defined in relevant standards for lightning protection. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS CODE OF RF DAS IMPLEMENTATION CODE OF RF DAS IMPLEMENTATION Bending of Cable - The bending of cable shall not exceed the maximum allowable bending radius of the cable based on the material specifications sheet. This is to prevent the malfunction and existence of high VSWR on the cables. Fire Retardant - In fire hazard installations, fire retardant RF materials shall be used. Cable Tray - All cable tray installation and standards shall comply with NEMA Cable Tray Standards CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS CODE OF RF DAS IMPLEMENTATION Cable Route - All cable routes shall be installed based on the Installation plan based on carefully engineers based possible routes, which considers walls, pre-stressed concrete, man-hole ceiling availability, and building engineers restrictions. Cable Brace - Cable brace can be installed every 1 to 1.5 meters of cable. Detailed cable bracing is carefully discussed in Book 1. CHAPTER 2: THE RF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS TYPE APPROVED EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION TYPE APPROVED EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION DOH Certification All type-approved equipment's to be used for the installation of DAS shall be issued with DOH Certification and shall be attached in the design proposal to be submitted to the Building Owner, Seria Operator, and Office Building Official.  CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT 1. Services Offered 2. Wireless Access Technology In designing an In-Building Solution the following shall be considered: 1. Target Coverage Objective 2. Number of Subscribers 3. Technology Deployment CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA COVERAGE AND CAPACITY DESIGN COVERAGE AND CAPACITY DESIGN 1. Coverage Design consideration - The service providers shall satisfy the minimum key performance indicators for coverage design criteria. a. CPICH - Common Pilot Channel f. RSRQ - Reference signal Received b. RSCP- Received Signal Code Power Quality c. RSSI - Received Signal Strength g. SINR - Signal to Interface plus Noise Indicator Ratio d. Ec/Io h. PIM - Passive Intermodulation e. RSRP - Reference Signal Received Power CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA COVERAGE AND CAPACITY DESIGN Technology Indicators Minimum Values 2G (GSM900, Received Signal -80dBm or better GSM1800) Level (Rxl.ev) 99% of the targeted objective Received Signal Quality class of 4 or Quality(RxQual) better 99% of the The table shows the following targeted objective 3G (UMTS2100, CPICH RSCP -80dBm or better minimum design criteria that will UMTS900) @95% of the targeted objective determine the number of antennas CPICH Ec/Io -10dB or better 95% & sectors based on the link budget of the targeted objective calculation per technology and the 4G (LTE 1800, RSRP -92dBm bettet i 99% LTE2100, LTE2600) of the targeted target coverage objectives objective RSRQ -12dB or better 99% of the targeted objective SINR 10dB or better 99% of the targeted objective CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA COVERAGE AND CAPACITY DESIGN 2. Capacity Design Consideration - The capacity of the site is calculated based on the foot traffic or total number of seating capacity of the building. This will determine the number of carriers per technology and sectors to be deployed in the wireless infrastructure of the building. a. Grade of Service (GoS) - the probability of a call in a circuit group being blocked or delayed for more than a specified interval, expressed as a vulgar fraction or decimal fraction. CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE TARGET COVERAGE AREAS 1. Standard Target Coverage Areas a. All Public Access Areas e. Bowling Alleys and other i. Guest Lifts and Lift (Lobbies and Hallways) covered Recreational Facilities Lobbies b. Bars, Restaurants, Food f. Cinema lobbies and major j. Offices Courts hallways k. Stores, Specialty Shops c. Basement and Covered Drivers Waiting Lounges l. Supermarkets Parking g. Fitness Clubs, Gyms, and m. Clinics d. Boutiques, Salon Locker rooms n. Comfort Rooms h. Galleries and Trade Halls CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE TARGET COVERAGE AREAS 2. Incidental Coverage a. Fire exit b. Storage rooms c. Areas restricted by Owners like banks, BPO, tenant's Units. Electrical, Mechanical Rooms, AHU CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS Major Shopping Malls Small Scale Shopping Malls Hotels Condominiums Hospitals Schools & Universities This table shows the Airports Government Buildings different classification of Seaports Stadium building according to their Mixed Commercial & Residential Funeral Homes purpose Building Bar, Restaurant & Clubs Commercial Corporate Buildings Bus/Railway Terminals Condotels (Condominium plus Hotel) Auditoriums Data Centers Industrial Buildings Arena/Coliseum CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE TYPE OF BUILDING (VERTICAL) For this code, the following Building Type Number of Floors building types on vertical perspective are Low Rise 1-5th Floor established as follows: Mid Rise 6 -15 Floor High Rise 16-35th Floor This table shows the Super High Rise 36-70 Floor different building types Skyscraper 71-100 Floor based on vertical rise CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE TYPE OF BUILDING (HORIZONTAL) a. Low Rise Expanded Building - usually big mall with expanded land area or wider land area. b. An Arena – a large venue and an enclosed area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theater, musical performances, or sporting events. c. A Stadium - a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event. CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA TYPES OF DAS DESIGN TYPES OF DAS DESIGN 1. Passive DAS Solution a type of DAS design solution in which it uses purely passive components and no line amplifier used on the system components. CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT 2. Pure Active DAS Solution a type of DAS design solution in which every antenna has a dedicated Remote Radio Unit. Every radio CHAPTER 3: THE RF DAS DESIGN CRITERIA WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT 3. Hybrid Active – Passive DAS Solution a type of DAS design solution in which the entire radio unit is put nearest to the first passive component. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW Installed on building ceilings for optimal distribution. Strategically placed to meet building and service needs. Ensures 99% indoor RF signal coverage. Designed to overpower outdoor RF signals within the building. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW OMNI ANTENNA INSTALLATION Installed below or inside the false ceiling. Can be conventional or camouflaged deployment. Positioned in hallways or tenant units based on building needs. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW CONVENTIONAL ANTENNA SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT Installed below or inside the false ceiling. Can be conventional or camouflaged deployment. Positioned in hallways or tenant units based on building needs. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW Aesthetic Antenna System Deployment Designed to resemble CCTV cameras, card slots, or smoke detectors. Preferred by building owners focused on aesthetics. Challenging to deploy due to its impact on link budget calculations. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW PANEL ANTENNA INSTALLATION Installed in building corners and long hallways. Used to fill shadow areas missed by Omni antennas. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION OVERVIEW OMNI ANTENNA WITH PIPE EXTENDER Pipe extenders ensure antenna stability and proper positioning, bolted on concrete beams. Coaxial cables must not bend below a 90° radius to avoid internal cracks and performance issues. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION DETAILS & GUIDE INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION DETAILS & GUIDE CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION INDOOR ANTENNA INSTALLATION DETAILS & GUIDE PANEL ANTENNA INSTALLATION Ideal for panel antenna installation. Allows tilt adjustments (up, down, left, right). Provides flexibility and simplifies optimization. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Strategically placed to meet building requirements and ease installation/maintenance. Splitters, combiners, and couplers secured with component brackets. Cables routed via ceiling hangers or cable trays, depending on the building's system. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Wall/Roof Feed-Thru Plates Seals rigid line access entry points in buildings. Composed of split-matched halves with eight mounting holes. Installed using appropriate hardware for secure sealing. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Feed-thru Plate Installation Steps: Determine Entry Point Identify rigid line penetration point and cut area to dimension D. Insert rigid line section and ensure it is suspended at the entry point. Mark and Drill Mounting Holes Use feed-thru flange as a template to mark eight mounting holes. Drill through roof/wall or insert bolt anchors for concrete. Secure Flange Halves Position flange halves and add hardware. For metal: Use bolts, lock washers, flat washers, and nuts. For concrete: Use anchor bolts and tighten securely. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Typical Antenna and Cable Installation Shows antenna and cable setup without a false ceiling. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Antenna and Cable Installation with False Ceiling Shows antenna and cable setup with a false ceiling. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Cable, Connectors and Hanger Support Details CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION COMPONENT DETAILED INFORMATION Couplers and Splitters Installation Details CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) Remote Radio Units (RRU) either placed on a wall mount or a 19” rack. Its power source is either in AC or DC. -48 VDC 240 VAC respectively. the DC power cable shall be used for a distance maximum length given in 150 meters. are link to a BBU (Baseband Unit) via fiber optics cable. the fiber optics cable is either a Single mode or a Multimode system. conduits are only used on Fiber Optics cables, Ethernet cables, IF transport cable. shall be deployed in riser areas, EE rooms, telecom rooms and or a mounted wall where the building administrator provides sufficient and secured space. compliance for natural cooling is highly required. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) RRU Installation Details CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) RRU Installation Procedures CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) RRU Layout Plan CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) RRU Installation Diagram CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) Installing The RRU On The Metal Pole a. Install the main fixture as indicated below procedure. b. Install the auxiliary fixture between the nuts of the dual-nut bolt assembly in the main fixture. c. Use an adjustable wrench to tighten the nut until the fastening torque is 40 N*m. In this way, the main and auxiliary fixtures are secured on the pole. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) Installing The RRU On The Metal Pole d. Install the RRU on the main bracket. When you hear a click, you can infer that the RRU is in position. e. Install the main fixture of another RRU. Ensure that the main and auxiliary fixtures are perfectly tilted. f. Lastly, we need to install the second RRU on the main fixture. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) Installing RRU in a Wall Mount a. Place the auxiliary fixture on the wall at the installation position and then mark the anchor points by using a marking pen. b. Drill holes at the anchor points and then install the expansion bolt assemblies. c. Fit the auxiliary fixture on the expansion bolts downward, and then tighten the bolts by using a combination wrench (17 mm-17 mm). d. Install the main bracket, and then use a level bar to adjust the levelness of the bracket. e. Lastly, install the RRU in the system. CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) Installing RRU in a U-steel **This procedure for installing the RRU on U-steel and angle steel is the same as that on a metal pole CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) Installing RRU in an Angle Steel **This procedure for installing the RRU on U-steel and angle steel is the same as that on a metal pole CHAPTER 4: THE DAS INSTALLATION THE REMOTE RADIO UNITS (RRU) FEEDER CABLE INSTALLATION AT THE RISER  CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS Cross sectional view of an equipment room: CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The General Equipment Room Consideration (Room Sizes & related accessories) as defined. The Minimum Combiner Room Size for CDAS projects shall be: 2.0 x 2.0 x 3.5 meters The typical RF equipment found inside the equipment room (table 21) The equipment room shall be near the existing building vertical riser or electrical access areas. The equipment room shall be near the electrical room of the building. The equipment should have no major overhead water piping (except fire sprinkler) The equipment room shall be in a permanent location where it will not be affected by any future building room or space expansion. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The General Equipment Room Consideration (Room Sizes & related accessories) as defined. The Minimum Combiner Room Size for CDAS projects shall be: 2.0 x 2.0 x 3.5 meters The typical RF equipment found inside the equipment room (table 21) The equipment room shall be near the existing building vertical riser or electrical access areas. The equipment room shall be near the electrical room of the building. The equipment should have no major overhead water piping (except fire sprinkler) The equipment room shall be in a permanent location where it will not be affected by any future building room or space expansion. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The General Equipment Room Consideration (Room Sizes & related accessories) as defined. The Combiner Room shall be available for Combined Distributed Antenna System (CDAS) application. The Combiner Room shall be of equal distance from individual mobile service operator (coax feeder cable run/length from combiner to BTS is equal for all operator). Typical Combiner Room distance from equipment room is 10 meters for lesser cable loss. The equipment room location shall be free from any hazardous chemical fumes, garbage facilities or other unwanted disposal area, etc. The equipment room location shall be properly ventilated to avoid heat concentration inside the room. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The General Equipment Room Consideration (Room Sizes & related accessories) as defined. The equipment room grounding shall be connected to the building grounding system. The equipment room main AC power source shall be connected to building back-up generator. The overhead C-Channel flanged in cable ladders are required, (refer to NEMA Standards Publication VE 2-2000 for Cable Tray Installation Guidelines). The main AC PDB circuit breaker shall have a minimum rating of 125A for individual DAS Equipment Room. The equipment room shall have a grounding bar for telecom equipment and AC equipment. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The General Equipment Room Consideration (Room Sizes & related accessories) as defined. The Air-conditioning Unit (ACU) is required to maintain to maintain room temperature of 20 deg. Celsius. Air-condition shall have a redundancy for cyclic cooling and non-simultaneous rest. Adequate lighting shall be provided for work environment and other related maintenance activities. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The Typical RF Equipment Found Inside the Equipment Room Cabinets Height (mm) Width (mm) Depth (mm) Weight (in full configuration) Base Cabinet 200 600 480 20 RF Cabinet 700 600 480 118 Rectifier Cabinet 700 600 480 65 Transmission Rack 700 600 480 57 Battery Cabinet + 700 600 480 65 + (8 x 35kg) Battery CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The Rectifier The Rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS The Base Transceiver Station BTS 2G Technology NodeB 3G Technology eNodeB 4G Technology CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS Base Transceiver Station Repeater A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal amplifies it and retransmits at a higher level or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, s that the signal can cover longer distances. Normal Aircon Split Type Aircon CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS Normal Type The Air Condition Unit Air Conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air to more favourable conditions, typically with the aim of Split Type distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space to improve comfort. Normal Aircon Split Type Aircon CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS Cross Sectional View Of an ACU Installation CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS Transmission Rack 1. The Microwave Transmission Rack – transmitting information by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are measured in cm. 2. Fiber Optics Transmission Rack – transmitting information by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE EQUIPMENT ROOM STANDARDS Battery Cabinet + Battery Battery backup provides power when primary source is unavailable. Small single cells are use to retain clock time and date in computers. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE ELECTRICAL STANDARDS THE ELECTRICAL STANDARDS AC SUPPLY AND SURGE PROTECTORS 1. TVSS – is designed to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes. 2. ACPDB – this device divides an electrical power into subsidiary circuits. 3. Rectifier CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE ELECTRICAL STANDARDS THE GROUNDING SYSTEM Grounding System is circuitry which connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the conductors relative to the Earth’s conductive surface. 1. BUSBAR- is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminium that conducts electricity. Its main purpose is to conduct a substantial current of electricity, not to function as a structural member. 2. Grounding PIT – final grounding where the end wire is grounded to Earth for Lightning and Surge Protection. 3. Lightning Arrester- use to protect insulation and conductors of the system. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE ELECTRICAL STANDARDS THE GROUNDING SYSTEM Busbar Grounding Pit Lightning Arrester CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS DEPLOYMENT OF MICROWAVE AS A TRANSPORT SOLUTION Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeters called microwaves. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS DEPLOYMENT OF MICROWAVE AS A TRANSPORT SOLUTION Microwave Antenna To direct microwaves in narrow beams for point-to-pom communication links or radiolocation (radar), a parabolic antenna is usually used. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS DEPLOYMENT OF MICROWAVE AS A TRANSPORT SOLUTION The ODU (Outdoor Unit) It is the outdoor Radio Unit which feeds the Antenna to produce electromagnetic wave. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS DEPLOYMENT OF MICROWAVE AS A TRANSPORT SOLUTION The IDU (Indoor Unit) It is the radio Connected the ODU via RF Cable. This serves as the first connection of the Mobile Station to the transport system. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS DEPLOYMENT OF IP RAN AS TRANSPORT SOLUTION (VIA FIBER OPTICS OR COPPER) IP RAN Transport Equipment An IP radio access network (IPRAN) is an IP-based wireless access network that uses IP/MPLS at the metro aggregation/core layer and Layer 2 enhanced Ethernet (with or without Layer 3 IP/MPLS) at the access layer. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS IP RAN Installation Guide CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS IP RAN Installation Guide 1. Install the protection grounding cable on the left chassis grounding point when mounted in an ETSI cabinet, open rack, or on a desk. 2. In a 19-inch cabinet, connect the PGND cable to the left mounting ear grounding point. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS IP RAN Installation Guide 1. Make a proper terminal for the power cable end according to the electrical power cable processing specifications. Then, insert the power cable in the DC connector. 2. Insert the conductive part of the bare crimp terminal of the power cable in the DC connector, and the tighten the screws. CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS IP RAN Installation Guide CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS IP RAN Installation Guide CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS IP RAN Installation Guide CHAPTER 5: THE DAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS THE TRANSPORT STANDARDS SONET and SDH The Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE Quality assurance (QA) is a systematic process that ensures a product, service, or process meets the desired quality standards. It involves planning, implementing, assessing, reporting, and improving quality. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE How is DAS Installation Secured? Detailed inspection of passive and active components through Visual Checking Checklist Standard Regular or Quarterly checked by QA engineers CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM (DAS) ACCEPTANCE DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM (DAS) ACCEPTANCE Examples: Checklist Standards on: ✓ Cable Ladders ✓ Feeder Routes ✓ Proper Tightening of connectors ✓ Labels ✓ Proper Specifications of components Remember that Checklist Standard is necessary for conservative requirements on DAS VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) reading ✓ VSWR reading should be at 1.5 the lower the better and the maximum lowest ideal is at 1. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE FACILITY/ EQUIPMENT ROOM ACCEPTANCE Proper Ventilation and Air Conditioning. If data transport is via microwave, proper checking of tower structure and foundation is briefly checked. Proper installation of cable ladder. Feed through plate and grounding bus must comply to required standards. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE FACILITY/ EQUIPMENT ROOM ACCEPTANCE FACILITY/ EQUIPMENT ROOM ACCEPTANCE CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE Visual Inspection is important Ensure that the Installation of Antenna is free of damage Side Struts is tightly fixed. Wave guide is firmly fastened. Grounding Kit is installed properly and tightly fixed to ground point; Grounding Cable must be properly crimped and fastened to grounding bar. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE DAS Grounding kit Microwave side struts Microwave Radio Tower Waveguide Coaxial Cable CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE Visual Inspection is important Porthole and Wall Entry Gland should be properly sealed for waterproofing. Ensure that dehydrator tubes and fittings has no leak and properly labeled. Proper Installation of Radio Equipment must be observed and practiced Transmission equipment should be anchored to the ground and should not swing at any cost. DC Power Cables are required to be properly crimped and fastened. Bolts and Nuts must be properly tightened. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE Wall Entry Gland Radio Equipment Transmission equipment anchored to ground (AI generated) Dehydrator tube for RF transmission CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE Labels are required DC Power Cables to its designated breaker E1/LAN Converter or Switch Equipment (on the equipment itself) E1/ LAN CONVERTER CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELESS TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE Visual Inspection is Important For all Cables, Grooming is important For Logical inspection, Transport must be tested for bit error rate to ensure a 100% reliable data transport. It is a standard that the ust be free of error within 24hrs. Cable Grooming Bit Error Rate Tester CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE WIRELINE TRANSPORT ACCEPTANCE Visual Inspection is Important Wireline Equipment Grooming BER testing is important like in Wireless Transport Acceptance. Basically the acceptance for Wireline Transport is the same as Wireless Transport Acceptance. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE What is RF? Radio Frequency, is a measurement of the oscillation rate of electromagnetic waves. RF Acceptance is focused in 3 major categories Coverage Quality Handover Operator shall conduct RF acceptance, testing and acceptance walk test to verify if all operators met desired specifications and guidelines. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE COVERAGE Mobile operators set leverage to Key Performance Indicator to which extent must be covered in a particular building. Commitment Coverage must not have a signal level reading below the KPI. RF tester CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE Received Power (dBm) Range Type of Coverage (-65 to +INF) Excellent Coverage (-75 to -75) Very Good Coverage (-85 to -75) KPI Acceptable Coverage (-95 to -85) Poor Indoor Coverage (-105 to -95) Poor Outdoor Coverage (-65 to +INF) No Coverage 2G and 3G Received Signal (-75 to -75) Strength Matrix (-85 to -75) (-95 to -85) (-105 to -95) (-INF to -105) CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE Received Power (dBm) Range Type of Coverage (-65 to +INF) Excellent Coverage (-85 to -65) Very Good Coverage 4G LTE Received Signal (-95 to -85) KPI Acceptable Coverage Strength Matrix (-105 to -95) Poor Indoor Coverage (-115 to -95) Good Outdoor Coverage (-120 to -115) Poor Outdoor Coverage (-INF to -120) No Coverage CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE QUALITY Signal Quality is very important as it sets the phase on how good the signal is inside a building compared to all noises and interference. 2G Quality Matrix 2G Quality FER (%) Range Type of Coverage 0 to 1 Excellent Voice Quality 1 to 3 Good Voice Quality 3 to 5 Tolerable Voice Quality 5 to +INF Poor Voice Quality CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE 3G Quality (Ec/Io (dB) Range) Type of Coverage (-6 to +INF) Excellent Quality (-8 to -6) Very Good Quality (-10 to -8) Good Signal Quality 3G Quality Matrix (-12 to -10) KPI Acceptable Quality (-14 to -12) Poor Indoor Quality (-17 to -14) Poor Outdoor Quality (-INF to -18) Bad Quality CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE MCS SINR (min) dB QPSK 1/3 -0.75 QPSK 1/2 1.5 QPSK 2/3 3.5 4G Quality Matrix 16 QAM 1/2 7 16 QAM 2/3 9.5 16 QAM 4/5 11.5 64 QAM 1/2 11.5 64 QAM 2/3 14.7 CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE HANDOVER Proper neighboring identification must be programmed to smoothly process soft and hard handover. Neighbor definition shall be properly implemented to avoid interference and missing neighbors. Remember that KPI is depending on TELCOM operators. Example: Institution Building Scenario: Suppose that MHDP building has a DAS to ensure uninterrupted connectivity. Practical Neighboring Setup: Antennas placed at intersections of corridors or common areas like classrooms are set as neighbors for antennas in hallways. Antennas near stairs are configured to hand over seamlessly to the next level's antennas. Example: An instructor broadcasting on a live video lecture moves from one end of the mall to another, and the handover occurs smoothly between antennas in different zones. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE RF ACCEPTANCE SPILLAGE Spillage occurs when a signal from a transmitting antenna leaks into areas that are not part of its intended coverage zone. OVERSHOOT Overshoot happens when a transmitted signal travels beyond the intended coverage area, often reaching far-off regions where it was not designed to provide service. Remember that KPI is depending on TELCOM operators. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES Safety first is important, accidents can happen anytime. GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS PRACTICES CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Required Warning Signs must be properly posted. Trained and qualified personnels are only allowed to handle installation replacement of equipment. Obey all warning signs; read equipment warning before usage. Use authorized equipment to perform maintenance equipment. Do not perform any actions that creates potential hazard to people or makes equipment unsafe. Do not work alone if working on potentially hazardous conditions exists Never assume; always double check. Use disposable dust mask for protection from inhalation of dust from dusty environment. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES PERSONAL ELECTRIC/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT All personal electric and electronic brought must be inspected by designated personnel. Designated electronics technicians perform safety checks on electronic equipment. Electronic Equipment that is not double insulated or that does not have a case and handle made of non-conducting material and does not pass an inspection for rugged, safe construction shall not be used. Wear rubber gloves when using metal cased portable electronic equipment or hand-held portable tools in hazardous conditions(e.g, wet floor). Wear leather gloves. Only use tools and utilities that are in flawless condition. It is not permitted to use visibly damaged tools. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES WORKING ON ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT Personnel must never work on energized equipment alone. Never operate a switch with other hand on metal surface. If handling circuits with dangerous voltages, always work with a partner that knows the location of power supply switches. Always ensure adequate insulation when touching powered circuits. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES ENSURING DE-ENERGIZATION Disconnect power supplies when working with the equipment. Do not touch a conductor until it has been verified that it is de-energized. Use a voltmeter or voltage tester to ensure that the equipment is de-energized. Ensure that the installation is not powered by an additional power supply or protected via an additional fuse. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES WORKING AREA REQUIREMENTS The standing surface must be insulated from ground with insulating material (rubber mats or insulated tiles, or, when these are not available, dry wood, dry canvas, dry phenolic material). Floor covering must be non-skid. Keep chasis area clean and dust free. The working area must be properly ventilated. Keep tools away from walk area where you and others could fall over them. Ensure good lighting at workplace. Untidiness at workplace involved risks of injury. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES CLOTHING AND ARTICLES Do not wear loose clothing that could be caught in the chassis. Fasten your tie or scarf and roll up your sleeves. When working on installation, always tie back long hair. Workers shall not wear watches, rings, watch chains, metal articles that might accidentally contact energized circuits. Never wear jewelry or items such as metal fittings or metal rivets on items of clothings. Clothings and articles should be dry as possible. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES ELECTRONIC WORKBENCHES Bond and ground the workbench. Install a grounding bus for maintenance purposes. Install a disconnect switch to secure power to the workbench in case of electrical shock. Always put on Electro-statically Sensitive Devices (ESD) on wristband before touching any of the boards or modules. Always place the PC board on a grounded conductive base and do not work on any PC board anywhere else. Only use grounded soldering iron. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES HANDLING FIBER OPTIC CABLES Fiber Optic cable must be handled properly, spliced and terminated by highly experienced personnel because this is a very sensitive solution. These personnel must wear safety gloves while splicing any fiber optic cable. Improper handling of fiber optic termination equipment can lead to serious injuries to human health because fiber optic glass is so thin, it can't be detected by any medical techniques, if penetrated on the body. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS In events of accidents, remain calm and controlled. Always switch off the power supply before you touch the accident vicinity. If you are not able to switch off the power supply, immediately only touch the victim with non-conductive material e.g. wooden broom handle and try to isolate the victim from the power supply. You must be familiar with first aid practices n events of injuries. Immediately call ambulance or the emergency doctor. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES SAFETY IMPLEMENTATIONS Implement a comprehensive training program for all hands on hazard and safety precautions pertaining to electronic systems, equipment, and personal electronic equipment. As a first step, designate an electronic safety officer. Electronic Safety Officer Responsibilities: investigating all mishaps and near mishaps He/she shall ensure that personnel engaged in operation follow safety precautions He/she shall evaluate the effectiveness of the safety program by analyzing internal He/she shall ensure that required safety and external reports devices and warning signs are installed He/she shall ensure submission He/she shall train electronics personnel in occupational injury and illness reports safety precautions and mishap prevention He/she shall recommend improvements to He/she shall monitor mishap prevention by the safety program CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES He/she shall observe posted operating instructions and safety precautions. He/she shall report any unsafe condition, equipment, or material. He/she shall warn others of hazards and failure to observe safety precaution. He/she shall wear approved protective clothing or use protective equipment as required. He/she shall report any injury or evidence of impaired health. CHAPTER 6: THE DAS PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL INSTALLATIONS QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION PRACTICES Be safe always. THANK YOU SO MU-