Wireless Infrastructure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the Grade of Service (GoS) primarily concerned with in wireless infrastructure?

The total number of wireless carriers needed

The intensity of foot traffic in an area

The overall capacity of seating in a building

The probability of a call being blocked or delayed (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a Standard Target Coverage Area?

Supermarkets

Bowling alleys and recreational facilities

Restaurants and food courts

Fire exit (correct)

What determines the number of carriers per technology to be deployed in a building's wireless infrastructure?

The height and materials used in construction

The capacity based on foot traffic or seating (correct)

The architectural style of the building

The geographic location of the building

Which area listed is included under Incidental Coverage?

Areas restricted by owners, like banks Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of TARGET COVERAGE OBJECTIVE?

It combines both incidental and standard coverage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Passive DAS Solution?

It uses purely passive components without any line amplifier. Signup and view all the answers

In a Pure Active DAS Solution, what is true about each antenna?

Each antenna has a dedicated Remote Radio Unit. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Hybrid Active-Passive DAS Solution?

The entire radio unit is placed nearest to the first passive component. Signup and view all the answers

Why are antennas installed on building ceilings in the Indoor Antenna Installation Overview?

To strategically meet building and service needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of Omni Antenna Installation?

They can be installed below or inside the false ceiling. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of strategically placing indoor antennas?

To optimize RF signal coverage at 99%. Signup and view all the answers

What does conventional antenna system deployment typically require?

Installation below or inside the false ceiling. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of antenna installation in buildings?

To overpower outdoor RF signals within the building. Signup and view all the answers

What should workers avoid wearing when working near energized circuits?

Loose clothing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a grounding bus in an electronic workbench?

To provide a safe path for excess charge Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for personnel to wear safety gloves when handling fiber optic cables?

To protect against injuries from glass shards Signup and view all the answers

In the case of an accident involving electrical shock, what is the first action a bystander should take?

Switch off the power supply Signup and view all the answers

What type of device should be worn before handling Electro-statically Sensitive Devices (ESD)?

Wristband Signup and view all the answers

What item is NOT recommended to wear while working on installations?

Metal fittings on clothing Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you cannot turn off the power supply during an accident?

Touch the victim with non-conductive material Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to use a grounded conductive base when working with PC boards?

To protect against static electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical distance from the equipment room to the combiner room to ensure lesser cable loss?

10 meters Signup and view all the answers

Which condition must the equipment room avoid to ensure safety and proper functioning?

Presence of hazardous chemical fumes Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum rating required for the main AC PDB circuit breaker in an individual DAS Equipment Room?

125A Signup and view all the answers

What is the required room temperature that the Air-conditioning Unit (ACU) must maintain?

20 deg. Celsius Signup and view all the answers

What type of redundancy is required for the Air-conditioning Unit (ACU)?

Cyclic cooling and non-simultaneous rest Signup and view all the answers

What additional feature is necessary for the equipment room in terms of safety and functionality?

Adequate lighting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the combiner room is correct?

Coax feeder cable length must be equal for all mobile operators. Signup and view all the answers

How should the equipment room grounding be configured?

Connected to the building grounding system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Battery Cabinet in an equipment room?

To provide backup power when the primary source is unavailable Signup and view all the answers

Which system is used to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes?

TVSS Signup and view all the answers

Which component is involved in dividing electrical power into subsidiary circuits?

ACPDB Signup and view all the answers

What is a BUSBAR primarily used for in an electrical system?

To conduct a substantial current of electricity Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission does the Fiber Optics Transmission Rack utilize?

Light pulses Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of a Lightning Arrester is to protect what within an electrical system?

Insulation and conductors Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Grounding System in electrical standards?

It connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground for potential definition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a Microwave Transmission Rack?

To transmit information via radio waves with measured wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

Where should the protection grounding cable be installed when mounted in an ETSI cabinet?

Left chassis grounding point Signup and view all the answers

In a 19-inch cabinet, to which grounding point should the PGND cable be connected?

Left mounting ear grounding point Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in processing the power cable according to the specifications?

Make a proper terminal for the power cable end Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the power cable is inserted into the DC connector?

Conductive part of the bare crimp terminal Signup and view all the answers

What protocols do SONET and SDH refer to?

Standardized protocols for optical fiber communication Signup and view all the answers

What is used in SONET and SDH to transfer digital streams over optical fiber?

Lasers and highly coherent light Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transferring data in SONET and SDH?

Over optical fiber Signup and view all the answers

What equipment is necessary for connecting the power cable properly?

A DC connector Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Electronics Code (Book 4) - Distributed Antenna System (DAS)

The Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is an in-building solution comprised of multiple pico cells to provide wireless coverage using 2G, 3G, 4G, and potentially 5G technology.
A specific number of antennas forms a single sector strategically installed within a building or compound to achieve a unified objective.
In in-building solutions, a sector serves a grouping of dedicated antennas within the structure, methodically arranged.

Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
RF Material Specifications
RF Material Design Criteria
DAS Installation
DAS Technical Standards
DAS Physical & Logical Installation & Quality Acceptance
General Safety Precautions Practices

Chapter 1: The Distributed Antenna System

The Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is an in-building solution for wireless coverage and services employing 2G, 3G, 4G, and upcoming 5G technologies.
A predetermined number of antennas create a single sector, strategically placed within a building or compound.
These sectors function as one entity, delivering targeted wireless services.
In in-building scenarios, a single sector manages a cluster of strategically positioned antennas within the structure.

Chapter 1: Sector

A sector is a designated division within a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) containing dedicated resources for wireless service delivery to a specific number of users.
Three sectors collectively compose a single BTS.
Sector configuration is adjustable based on building service/capacity requirements to maximize user benefit.
Wi-Fi and Trunk radio communication systems are handled independently from the DAS.

Chapter 1: Schematic Diagram of a Distributed Antenna System

Visual representation of a DAS, showcasing the equipment room, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), jumper cable, and distributed antenna system.
Components like technology 1, technology 2, technology 3, and combiners are indicated.
Illustrates the interconnections between various components of a DAS

Chapter 1: Classes of Distributed Antenna Systems

Individual DAS System (IDAS): A DAS system exclusively serving a single wireless service provider or operator.
Common DAS System (CDAS): A DAS system jointly used by multiple wireless service providers or operators. Each antenna within a common DAS simultaneously carries signals from multiple service providers who have agreed on shared use.

Chapter 2: The RF Antenna

RF antennas operate based on the fundamental principles of electromagnetism. When an RF signal is applied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is generated, radiating energy into space.
Includes classifications of antennas like Pico Omni-Directional antennas and Directional/Panel antennas.
Contains general technical specifications for omni-directional and directional/panel antennas detailed in tabular formats (frequency, gain, VSWR, impedance, polarization).

Chapter 2: RF Material Specifications

Overview of RF cables (feeder/coaxial cable, fiber optics cable, jumper cables, radiating/leaky cables).
The presentation identifies two major feeder cable sizes (7 and 8).
Detailed technical specifications for the 1/8 feeder cable, including different components (e.g., inner conductor, dielectric, outer conductor).
Specifications are given in tabular formats.

Chapter 2: Combiners, Couplers, Splitters

Discusses the functions and types of combiners, couplers, and splitters in various forms—diplexer, triplexer.
Explains what directional couplers are and how they distribute signal power.
Covers hybrid couplers, which split input power equally among outputs.
Includes Dummy Load component in the system.

Chapter 2: RF Equipment Type Approvals

This outlines the international standards for the materials used in RF installations based on IFC and IEEE standards.
Discusses specific tests like Mechanical Tests, Thermal Expansion and Temperature Tests, Corrosion Tests, Weather Protection, and Electromagnetic Discharge to ensure component stability and performance over time and under various environmental conditions.

Chapter 3: The RF DAS Design Criteria

Presents considerations for wireless technology deployment in designing in-building solutions.
Considers target coverage objectives, the number of subscribers, and technology deployment.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) which include: CPICH, RSCP, Ec/lo, RSRP, RSRQ, SINR and PIM are identified for quality design.
Table presentation showing the required minimum values for each indicator and technology.
Capacity design considerations are described considering foot traffic and seating capacity.
The importance of Grade of Service (GoS) - the probability of call blocking or delays over a given interval -- when calculating capacity in the building.

Chapter 3: Target Coverage Objective

Establishes a categorization of target areas based on their nature (e.g., public access areas versus incidental areas).
Presents classifications of buildings by purpose (e.g., shopping malls, hospitals etc.).
Includes building types classification based on vertical rise (e.g., low rise versus high rise) and horizontal configuration (e.g., low rise expanded or arenas).
Defines various design requirements given by building types.

Chapter 3: Types of DAS Design

Describes Passive DAS Solutions - those using only passive components with no line amplifiers.
Describes Pure Active DAS Solutions - those where every antenna features a dedicated remote radio unit.
Introduces Hybrid Active – Passive DAS Solutions - where the entire radio unit is situated close to the first passive component.

Chapter 4: The DAS Installation

Indoor Antenna Installation Overview - describing installation techniques for various antenna types including omni-directional and panel antennas, placement and aesthetics.
Detailed information on installation procedures.
Overview of component installations (specific components and their installation points).
Installation steps for wall/roof feed-thru plates, including marking points and securement.
Detailed information regarding RRU (Remote Radio Unit) installation: placement methods on metal poles, walls, and U-steel. Details on cable installation at the riser.

Chapter 5: The DAS Technical Standards

Equipment Room Standards—specifying dimensions, location, requirements, and auxiliary components (e.g., grounding).
Electrical Standards—outlining AC power supply and surge protection requirements (Transient Voltage Suppressors and AC Power Distribution Block and their function). Describing the grounding system used for the DAS.
Transport Standards— detailing microwave, fiber optic, and IP RAN installation guidelines (including cable types, components that are used, and installation procedures).

Chapter 6: The DAS Physical and Logical Installations Quality and Acceptance

Quality Assurance (QA) process - describes a process that ensures a product, service, and process meets quality standards.
DAS installation is secure via methods like visual inspections and checklist adherence.
DAS acceptance testing involves verifying signal quality with measurements and acceptable coverage levels.
Handover — describes the smooth signal transition between neighboring antennas or different zones, considering operator specifications and constraints.
Spillpage and Overshoot — defines and describes undesirable signal characteristics like spillage and overshoots that needs to be minimized.
General Safety Precautions Practices covering topics like personal equipment checks, working procedures, ensuring de-energization, and working area requirements.

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Description

Test your knowledge of wireless infrastructure concepts such as Grade of Service (GoS), coverage areas, and deployment strategies. This quiz will challenge your understanding of key terms and standards in wireless technology. Perfect for students and professionals in telecommunications.