Herbs PDF

Herbs Section 2 What are Herbs? They are plant parts consisting of tender parts usually including stem, leaves, flowers & fruits. Non-woody Stem Small Plant Lack of Secondary Thickening Easily broken Stem It’s the part of the plant that carries leaves or their modifications at...

Herbs Section 2 What are Herbs? They are plant parts consisting of tender parts usually including stem, leaves, flowers & fruits. Non-woody Stem Small Plant Lack of Secondary Thickening Easily broken Stem It’s the part of the plant that carries leaves or their modifications at the nodes. It consists of nodes and internodes. Function: Conduct water and minerals Support the plant. Classification of the Stem Herbaceous Woody Succulent Suffruticose Mentha Shrubs & Trees Hyoscyamus Thymus (woody at the base, herbaceous at the top) Peppermint Peppermint ‫ﻋﺷب اﻟﻧﻌﻧﺎع اﻟﻔﻠﻔﻠﻰ‬ Origin: Dried ripe leaves and flowering tops of Mentha piperita Family Labiatae Morphology Stem: Quadrangular, herbaceous 1-3 mm thick Green to dark purple tinge. Leaves Description Ovate to lanceolate with acute apex, serrate margine, pinnate viennation, and symmetrical leaf base Phyllotaxis Opposite decussate Surface.Glabrous or slightly hairy Powder Characteristics 1- Condition: Fine powder. 2- Colour: Olive Green. 3- Odor: Aromatic. 4- Taste: Aromatic followed by cold sensation  Key Elements 1- Epidermal cell: Wavy wall, diacytic stomata Key Elements: Hairs 1. Glandular Hairs 2. Non-glandular Hairs Labiaceous glandular hair Capitate Hair Thyme Thyme ‫ﻋﺷب اﻟزﻋﺗر‬ The dried ripe aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris Family Labiatae  Stem Shape Circular at the base & quadrangular at the top. Direction of growth Vertical and erect. Branching Presence Present Mode Sympodial (apical bud turns to foliage) Surface of stem Slightly hairy  Leaves Shape Ovate to lanceolate , small in size Colour Grayish green Apex Acute Margin Entire and revolute Phyllotaxis Opposite decussate Powder 1-Condition: Fine powder 2- Colour: Pale Green 3- Odour: Aromatic 4- Taste: Aromatic somewhat pungent taste  Key Non-glandular hair Labiaceous Hair Elements Diacytic stomata Non-glandular Bent Hair Key Elements Non-glandular multicellular bent hair with warty cuticle Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus Arabic name: ‫ ﺳﻛران‬, ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺞ اﻷﺳود‬ Origin: The dried leaves with or without the flowering tops of Hyoscyamus muticus Family: Solanaceae Stem Thick quadrangular stem Erectile Hairy Leaves Shape Ovate Color Green Apex Acute Margin Serrated, acute with triangular lobes Surface Glabrous, very hairy Phyllotaxis Opposite decussate Powder Characteristics Color: Brown Odor: Characteristic Taste: Bitter Key Elements Anisocytic stomata Key Elements Multicellular Glandular Hair Multicellular Branched Glandular Hair Chemical Tests for Herbs Powder extract + Sudan lll → Red color This is due to the presence of Volatile Oils Powder extract + FeCl3 → Bluish green color with Mentha and Blue color with Thyme This is due to the presence of Tannins Powder extract + Mayer’s reagent → Yellowish-white color with Hyoscyamus This is due to the presence of Alkaloids