Drug Related Problems (DRPs) PDF

Outlines 1) Prescription related 2) Pharmacy related 3) Patient Related Problems 4) Non-prescription medications (self-medications) 5) Pharmacist- Patient relationship 6) Pharmacist- Doctor relationship 7) Other: Employee – Owner relationships Pharmacy Practice...

Outlines 1) Prescription related 2) Pharmacy related 3) Patient Related Problems 4) Non-prescription medications (self-medications) 5) Pharmacist- Patient relationship 6) Pharmacist- Doctor relationship 7) Other: Employee – Owner relationships Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 1 Drug Related Problems (DRPs) 1. Prescription A. Unreadable: Related e.g Bad hand writing (Solution?) Problems B. Unrecognisable: e.g you can read the name but the you don’t know what is it? Not in your sources also C. Interaction Problems (Drug-Drug, Drug-Disease, etc) D. Drug Choice Problem (Patient gets or is going to get a wrong (or no drug) drug for his/her disease and/or condition) E. Dosing problem (Patient gets more or less than the amount of drug he/she requires) Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 2 Pharmaceutical care What is the Pharmaceutical care? The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life. These outcomes are: cure of a disease; elimination or reduction of a patient's symptomatology; arresting or slowing of a disease process; or preventing a disease or symptomatology. Pharmaceutical care involves the process through which a pharmacist cooperates with a patient and other professionals in designing, implementing, and monitoring a therapeutic plan that will produce specific therapeutic outcomes for the patient. This in turn involves three major functions: identifying potential and actual drug-related problems; resolving actual drug-related problems; and preventing drug-related problems. Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 3 DRPs A Drug-Related Problem is an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 4 DRPs 2. Pharmacy A. Misarrangement: Related Case 1. Two completely different drugs but Problems have the same pack design if placed close together this may….. (Increase pharmacist error probability). ( think of a solution) Case 2. Nearly expired were placed at the back this causes( dispense longer and keep sooner). This may lead to… (dispensing expired drugs- financial loss) Case 3. Dispensing of incomplete pack of the drug. Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 5 DRPs 2. Pharmacy B. Different companies and different Related Problems prices(patient confuse and/ or misunderstand (loss of trust). Think of solution Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 6 DRPs 2. Pharmacy C. Conflict of interest between the Owner and Related Problems the patient) Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 7  3.Patient Related Adverse reaction(s) Patient suffers from an adverse drug Problems event 1. The cause of can be related to the selection of the drug and/or Causes dosage schedule. 2. Drug Use Process: The cause of the DRP can be related to the way the patient uses the drug, in spite of proper dosage instructions (on the label) 3. Information: The cause of the DRP can be related to a lack or misinterpretation of information. …………………………… Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 8  3.Patient Related Problems 4.Patient/Psychological :The cause of the DRP can be related to the personality or behaviour of the patient. Patient dissatisfied with therapy despite taking drug(s) correctly Insufficient awareness of health and diseases (possibly leading to future problems) Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 9 DRPs 4. Non- A. Incorrect symptoms reporting by patients prescription (wrong medication) medications B. Inability to ask the correct questions (self-medication) (number and type). Related Problems C. Dispense less or more drugs (………) D. Fail to refer patients to a doctor when it’s needed (………..) Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 10 DRPs 5. Pharmacist- Patient Getting patient’ trust is very important but HOW? relationship Be professional (trust yourself) Be honest Listen to patients Talk to patients (enough time) Provide enough information and advices Remember the patient and ask about his/her previous disease or drug Build good relationship with patients (be careful) Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 11 DRPs 6. Pharmacist- Do not interfere with his/her work ( sometimes Doctor relationship the doctors has his/her own plan with the patients) e.g placebo. If there was a prescription error try to communicate but do not dispense, you may tell the patient that you need to talk with the doctor first. Build good relationships with nearby doctors. Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 12 Other problems 7. Employee- Owner A. If you are an employee: relationships Your time if for the work only Be honest Work as you the only employee ( do not keep the work for others to do it) Do not interfere in the business process (How much the owner get profit) Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 13 Other problems Employee – Owner B. If you are the owner: relationships Maintain good working environment Pay Good and on-time Listen to your employees Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 14 Questions Q1: A patient presents a Q 2: Name 3 potential prescription contains 3 drugs, interactions that may occur you cannot recognise one of between a prescription that them. contains more than one A. What you can do to solve this medication. problem Q3: Give 2 examples of Drug- B. What to do if after all steps disease interactions you have taken you still cannot identify that drug? Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 15 Questions Q3: You have a three different Q4: What to do if there is an commercial items from the same error in the prescription? drug, which one you will Q5: Name three DRPs that are dispense how to explain this to related to self-medication? the patient? Discuss also the consequences that may result from these problems. Q 6: What are the consequences of dispensing the wrong expired date? Pharmacy Practice-LAB 1- Dr Salem Abukres 2020-2021 16