Bio Hematopiotic antihemorrhagic Vitamins PDF

 HMIM224 Block Hematopoietic and antihemorrhagic Vitamins  Objectives of the Lectures 1. Introduction to the role of vitamins as micronutrients 2. Types of vitamins 3. Biochemistry of water soluble vitamins 4. Importance of water soluble vitamins in red blood cells formation 5. B...

 HMIM224 Block Hematopoietic and antihemorrhagic Vitamins  Objectives of the Lectures 1. Introduction to the role of vitamins as micronutrients 2. Types of vitamins 3. Biochemistry of water soluble vitamins 4. Importance of water soluble vitamins in red blood cells formation 5. Biochemistry of the fat soluble vitamins 6. Role of vitamin K in blood coagulation  Water-Soluble Hemopoietic Vitamins 1. Pyridoxine B6 (Coenzyme for ALA synthase of heme synthesis) in detail in GIT block 2. Folic acid B9 3. Cobalamin (B12) 4. Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C)  1-Folic Acid Chemistry : Sources: It is present in green vegetables, liver and meat. But easily destroyed by cooking. NOT synthesized by humans who obtain folic acid by diet , but can be synthetized by microorganisms. Active form Tetrahydrofolate (THF)(activation occurs in human cells) Function of Folic Acid Essential for purines and thymidine nucleotides needed for DNA synthesis Therefore, it is important for cell division and final maturation of red cells. So, folic acid is essential for cell division including hemopoeitic cells (erythroid progenitors) Deficiency: Causes: deficiency in diet, GIT disease (----absorption) or antifolate cytotoxic drugs (methotrexate). Leads to macrocytic anemia. Folic Acid Deficiency Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) 1. The parietal cells of the gastric glands secrete a glycoprotein called intrinsic factor which combines with vitamin B12 protecting the vitamin from being digested. 2. The intrinsic factor also helps binding of vitamin B12 to a specific receptor site in the brush border membrane of the mucosal cells in the lower ileum. 1. Inside the cell the vitamin is set free, transferred across the intestinal epithelium and is absorbed to the blood. 2. In blood, it is bound to a plasma protein transcobalamine I I → distributed to the tissues; excess vitamin is stored in liver. Two Two Reactions Require B12 Vitamin B12 Deficiency 3- Vitamin C (L- Ascorbic acid)  Vitamin K (‘Koagulation’ vitamin) is fat soluble vitamin essential for normal coagulation. occurs naturally in two forms: Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone): widely in plants (Leafy green vegetables) Vitamin K2 (menaquinones): (menaquinones vitamin K2 synthesized by intestinal flora, animals Bile is required for the absorption of the natural forms of vitamin K, which are fat soluble. The storage pool of vitamin K is modest and can be exhausted in 1 week,. A synthetic analogue, Menadione (K3), is water soluble. Role of Vitamin K in Hemopoeitic System Vitamin K Deficiency