Science 7: Cell Functions and Structures PDF

Science 7 : The Functions Lesson 1 and Structures o Cells  Objectives At the end of this lesson, you will learn: 1. To differentiate plant and animal cells according to the presence or absence of certain organelles; and 2. To explain why the cell is considered th...

Science 7 : The Functions Lesson 1 and Structures o Cells  Objectives At the end of this lesson, you will learn: 1. To differentiate plant and animal cells according to the presence or absence of certain organelles; and 2. To explain why the cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. GALILEO INVENTED ROBERT GALILEI TELESCOP THE BROWN E ROBERT ANTON VAN LEEUWENHEOK GALILEO INVENTED ROBERT GALILEI TELESCOP THE BROWN E ROBERT ANTON VAN LEEUWENHEOK GALILEO DISCOVERED ROBERT GALILEI THE CELL BROWN ROBERT ANTON VAN LEEUWENHEOK GALILEO DISCOVERED ROBERT GALILEI THE CELL BROWN ROBERT ANTON VAN LEEUWENHEOK  STAGE BELONGS TO MIRRO CLIPS OPTICAL R PARTS COARSE ADJUSTMENT OBJECTIVES KNOB  STAGE BELONGS TO MIRRO CLIPS OPTICAL R PARTS COARSE ADJUSTMENT OBJECTIVES KNOB  STAGE BELONGS TO MIRRO CLIPS ILLUMINATI R NG PARTS COARSE ADJUSTMENT OBJECTIVES KNOB  STAGE BELONGS TO MIRRO CLIPS ILLUMINATI R NG PARTS COARSE ADJUSTMENT OBJECTIVES KNOB OXYGE KNOWN AS CELL N BASIC UNIT THE OF LIFE TISSUE ATOM OXYGE KNOWN AS CELL N BASIC UNIT THE OF LIFE TISSUE ATOM  What is a cell? The word cell came from the Latin word “cella” which means small as It is described room. the basic unit of life and we cannot see it by our naked eye.  What is a cell? Although cells are microscopic, they are composed of tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions called the cell organelles. PARTS OF THE AND THEIR CELL FUNCTIONS NUCLEUS The “brain” of the cell. Directs cell activities and contains genetic material called chromosomes made of DNA it is the command center of the cell  NUCLEIOD Contains a very long REGION continuous threadlike circular structure referred to as bacterial chromosome that carries the helical NUCLE0LUS Distinct structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are produced. The nucleolus disappears during cell division. NUCLEUS NUCLE0LU S CYTOPLASM Jelly-like fluid where organelles are suspended. Serves as a medium of transport of materials inside the cell. Maintains cellular shape. CYTOPLASM where the different parts of the cells are found PROTOPLASM – a mixture of many compounds forming a jellylike substance where all the chemical activities of the cell take place  CELL AND THEIR ORGANELLES FUNCTIONS  ORGANELLES FOR PROTECTION (cell membrane, cell wall) CELL WALL Tough and thick layer composed of cellulose. Additional protection. PRESENT IN PLANT  CELL Also called plasma MEMBRANE membrane Serves as the doorway of entering and exiting materials to and from cell in a selective layer. ORGANELLES FOR ENERGY PROCESSING (mitochondria, plastids) MITOCHONDRIA The “powerhouse” of the cell. Makes energy out of food. PLASTIDS -double-membrane organelles found in plant cells, some protozoans, and bacteria. Chloroplastids or chloroplasts are the most common It contains green PLASTIDS Chloroplastids or chloroplasts contain green pigments called chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are the energy-capturing centers in plant cells involved in the manufacture of the cell’s food known as ORGANELLES FOR MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS (endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, ribosomes)  ENDOPLASMIC Called the RETICULUM “intracellular highway” Transports all sorts of items around the  ENDOPLASMIC Two types of it RETICULUM are smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.  ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) -Contains ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - No ribosomes attached.  GOLGI APPARATUS / GOLGI BODY Appears like stack of pancakes. “mailman of the cell” Modifies proteins and lipids GOLGI APPARATUS / GOLGI Process materials BODYto be removed from the cell. Packages products into vesicles for RIBOSOMES Site of protein synthesis. ORGANELLES FOR STORAGE AND BREAKDOWNS (vacuole, lysosomes)  VACUOLE Storage of inorganic and organic substances. Larger in plant cells than in animal cells.  LYSOSOMES contains digestive enzymes to help break  ORGANELLES FOR SUPPORT AND COMMUNICATIO (cytoskeleton) N CYTOSKELETON network of thin and fibrous filaments that serve as the bones and muscles of the cells.  ORGANELLES FOR MOVEMENT (cilia, flagella)  FLAGELLA AND Used for movement. CILIA Flagella are long appendages attached to plasma membrane.  FLAGELLA AND Cilia filter incoming and outgoingCILIAair. Root hairs of plants are mostly cilia. It absorbs water from the environment.  REFLECT! Learn to count the blessings that you are receiving every day. Do not be selective like the cell membrane. Learn also how to divide these blessings by sharing them with others. In what aspect should we become like the cell