Grade 9 Reformation Lesson Plan PDF

2nd Quarter: Grade 9 – Lesson: Reformation Middle ages: ethical side of a prince activity, a ruler must behave based on Unboxing of Terms: Christian moral principles 1. Predestination - Belief that G...

2nd Quarter: Grade 9 – Lesson: Reformation Middle ages: ethical side of a prince activity, a ruler must behave based on Unboxing of Terms: Christian moral principles 1. Predestination - Belief that God Machiavelli: contradicted prior belief predestined people to be saved or ⮚ “for the gap between how people damned. actually behave and how they ought 2. Indulgence - A remission, after death, of to behave is so great that anyone all or part of the punishment due to sin. who ignores everyday reality in order to live up to an ideal self will soon discover he had been taught Protestant Reformation – religious reform how to destroy himself, not how to movement that divided the western Christian preserve himself” church into Catholic and Protestant groups ⮚ 1 of the first Western thinkers to abandon morality in analyzing politics Background to the Reformation ⮚ Ends justify the means – achieving results regardless of the methods The Growth of State Power - 2nd half of 15th century: attempts had been made to reestablish the Social Changes in the Renaissance centralized power of monarchical - Social changes in the 15th century: governments helped create an environment in - “New monarchies” – emerged in Reformation France, England, and Spain - Landholding nobles: declining incomes ⮚ Attempted to suppress the nobility and population ⮚ Efforts to control the church - Urban areas: peasants made up the ⮚ Desire to obtain new sources of overwhelming mass (85 – 90% of total revenue to increase royal power European population) ⮚ Enhance military forces at their ⮚ Population of serfs: decreased as disposal the labor dues owed by peasants to - Renaissance Monarchs: obsessed with their lord were increasingly the acquisition and expansion of converted into rents paid in money political power ⮚ 1500: peasants became legally free, resented their superiors and sought a greater share of the benefits Niccolo Machiavelli coming from their labor - Italian Diplomat, author, philosopher ⮚ Grievances of peasants and poor - Author of “The Prince”: one of the most population: led many of them to influential works on political power in support religious reform the Western world movements Context: Prelude to Reformation Religious relics: Christian Humanism: 2nd half of the 15th - Remains of a saint or objects that they century owned (ex: ulo ni St John the Baptist and bone of St John de La Salle) - Major goal: Reform of Christendom - People believed that collecting relics - Christian humanists believed in the can provide indulgence for them ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves and thought that through education in the sources of Martin Luther and the Reformation classical, and especially Christian antiquity, they could instill an inner - Monk and a professor at the University piety or an inward religious feeling that of Wittenburg would bring about a reform of the - Focused on studying the Bible hence church and society based his ideas from the bible - To change the society, human beings must change first Context: a. Catholic Doctrine: emphasized that both faith and goods works are needed Desiderius Erasmus for salvation b. Luther: humans could never do enough - Most influential Christian humanist good works to merit salvation (humans - His concept of religion: “the philosophy are innately weak and powerless if seen of Christ” – Christianity should be from the perspective of God) viewed as a guiding philo rather than a system of dogmatic beliefs ⮚ Salvation through faith alone (made possible by the sacrifice of Jesus) 🡪 Church and Religion on the Eve of Reformation Justification by Faith - Corruption in the Catholic church encouraged the people to want reform - Between 1450 and 1520: popes failed Luther: greatly upset by the widespread selling to meet the church’s spiritual needs of indulgences (became more focused on ruling papal Johann Tetzel: offensive in the eyes of Luther states and politics) - High church officials became ignorant - supported indulgences to spiritual duties and regarded the - indulgences can be used for the sins church offices as an opportunity for that are just about to be done wealth - lessens the time of souls in purgatory 95 Theses Indulgences - posted by Luther on the door of the - Kapatawaran sa kasalanan (binebenta) church - Certificates - Criticized the abuses and crimes of the - Lessens their time in purgatory for selling of indulgences 1,443 years  - Thousands of copies were printed and Luther: conservative on economic and quickly spread to all parts of Germany social issues 🡪 turned against the peasants ⮚ Called on the German Princes (“ordained by god to maintain Excommunication: Luther’s ideas were not peace and order”) to crush the accepted and the church excommunicated him rebels in 1521 ⮚ 1525: suppressed the peasant - Luther was also summoned to appear hordes before the imperial diet of the Holy ⮚ Luther: dependent on state Roman Empire (Edict of Worms) 🡪 authorities for the growth of his asked to take back his statements 🡪 reformed church refused Politics and Religion in the German Reformation Charles V: wanted to strengthen and preserve the unity of the empire in the Catholic Faith - Internal political situation in the Holy Roman Empire: not favorable for Charles - 1546: brought military forces to Germany Lutheranism Fredrick the Wise - Well-established - Lutheran princes: well organized - Saved Luther from the fury of the church Charles V: Unable to defeat them 🡪 forced to - Hid Luther under his care 🡪 during these negotiate a truce times, Luther translated the Bible into German language Peace of Augsburg (1555) - Formally acknowledged the division of Christianity Peasant’ War (1524) - Lutheran states were to have the same legal rights as catholic states - Since Luther’s ideas made an impact on - German states: free to choose between the common people, this contributed to the 2 but this settlement did not the emergence of the Peasants’ War recognize the principle of religious - Mixture of social discontent due to toleration for individuals pitiful conditions and religious revolt - German ruler: right to determine the religion of his subjects  - Subjects: did not have the right to - Pope: unwilling to grant annulment of choose their own religion marriage - Established the “Church of England” to marry Anne Boleyn Spread of Protestant Reformation - Anne Boleyn: had a baby but girl (future Queen Elizabeth I) 🡪 disappointed Henry Zwinglianism VIII - Led by Ulrich Zwingli in Switzerland 1534: Established separation of the Church of - Abolishment of relics and images England to Rome - Pinatanggal ang mga paintings, decorations, and iba pang religious na - Act of Supremacy: declared that the kagamitan sa simbahan king was the only supreme head on - New liturgy replaced mass by scripture earth of the Church of England 🡪 gave reading, prayer, and sermons him control of doctrine, clerical appointments, and discipline 1547: Death of Henry VIII 🡪 succeeded by Calvinism Edward VI (anak kay Jane Seymour) - John Calvin (French but was forced to Edward VI: succeeded by Mary I flee to Switzerland after converting to Protestantism) Mary I: attempted to return England to - Emphasized on the absolute Catholicism sovereignty of God (all-powerful nature) - Ordered the burning of 300 protestant ⮚ Predestination: eternal decree, heretics meant that God had predestined some people to be saved and others to be damned Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation ⮚ Calvinists: they later on had this unshakable conviction that they - Protestants: important in developing a were doing God’s work on earth new view of the family - 1536: Calvin began working to reform - Abolished celibacy the city of Geneva - Family life – only destiny for women (part of the divine plan) English Reformation Catholic Reformation - Rooted in politics, not religion Catholic church: worried about the spread of Henry VIII Protestantism in different parts of Europe - Was a committed Catholic before Catholic Reformation or Counter- - Wanted to divorce Catherin of Aragon Reformation? (had a daughter – Mary I - but no male heir) and wanted to marry Anne Boleyn Counter reformation  - Some historians prefer this term since - Believed in purgatory and in the use of they consider this as a direct reaction indulgences BUT the selling of against the Protestant movement indulgences were prohibited - Acknowledged supremacy of the pope Catholic reformation - For some historians, some elements of reform was already present at the end of 15th century (not a mere reaction to Protestantism) Society of Jesus - Religious order - Jesuits - Used education to further spread Catholicism in Germany and Western Europe Reformed Papacy - Pope Paul III established a Reform Commission 🡪 to investigate the corruption and injustices of Renaissance Popes a. Inquisition – to combat heresy b. Index of Prohibited Books – books that are “dangerous to the faith or morals of Roman Catholics” c. Formation of the Council of Trent Council of Trent March 1545: group of high church official met in the city of Trent (border between Germany and Italy) - Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings - Only the church could interpret the scripture - Both faith and good works were declared necessary for salvation