Class 12 Physics - Semiconductor Electronics PDF

Summary

This document contains questions and answers related to semiconductor electronics, a topic in class 12 physics. The questions cover concepts like n-type and p-type semiconductors, potential barriers, and transistor action. It provides explanations and solutions based on NCERT material.

Full Transcript

Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Semiconductor Electronics:...

Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits NCERT Solutions www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Question1. In n-type silicon, which of the following statement is true? (a) Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. (b) Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants. (c) Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants. (d) Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. Answer: Correct Option is (c) Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants. In n-type silicon, the electrons are the majority carriers, while the holes are the minority carriers. An n -type semiconductor is obtained when pentavalent atoms, such as phosphorus, are doped in silicon atoms. Question2. Which of the statements given in Exercise 14.1 is true for p -type semiconductors? www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Answer: Correct Option is (d) - Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. In a p-type semiconductor, the holes are the majority carriers, while the electrons are the minority carriers. A p -type semiconductor is obtained when trivalent atoms, such as aluminium, are doped in silicon atoms. Question 3. Carbon, silicon and germanium have four valence electrons each. These are characterised by valence and conduction bands separated by energy band gap respectively equal to (E g ) C , (E g ) Si and (E g ) G e. Which of the following statements is true? (a) (E g ) S i < (E g ) G e < (E g ) C (b) (E g ) C < (E g ) Ge > (E g ) Si (c) (E g ) C > (E g ) Si > (E g ) Ge (d) (E g ) C = (E g ) Si = (E g ) Ge Answer: Correct Option is (c) - (E g ) C > (E g ) Si > (E g ) Ge Of the three given elements, the energy band gap of carbon is the maximum and that of germanium is the least. www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions The energy band gap of these elements is related as: (E g ) C > (E g ) Si > (E g ) Ge Question 4. In an unbiased p-n junction, holes diffuse from the p -region to n- region because (a) free electrons in the n -region attract them. (b) they move across the junction by the potential difference. (c) hole concentration in p -region is more as compared to n -region. (d) All the above. Answer: Correct option is (c) hole concentration in p -region is more as compared to n-region The diffusion of charge carriers across a junction takes place from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration. In this case, the p -region has greater concentration of holes than the n-region. Hence, in an unbiased p -n junction, holes diffuse from the p -region to the n-region. Question 5. When a forward bias is applied to a p -n junction, it www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions (a) raises the potential barrier. (b) reduces the majority carrier current to zero. (c) lowers the potential barrier. (d) None of the above. Answer: Correct Option is (c) lowers the potential barrier When a forward bias is applied to a p -n junction, it lowers the value of potential barrier. In the case of a forward bias, the potential barrier opposes the applied voltage. Hence, the potential barrier across the junction gets reduced. Question 6. For transistor action, which of the following statements are correct? (a) Base, emitter and collector regions should have similar size and doping concentrations. (b) The base region must be very thin and lightly doped. (c) The emitter junction is forward biased and collector junction is reverse biased. (d) Both the emitter junction as well as the collector junction is forward biased. www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Answer: Correct option is (b), (c). For a transistor action, the junction must be lightly doped so that the base region is very thin. Also, the emitter junction must be forward-biased and collector junction should be reverse -biased Question 7. For a transistor amplifier, the voltage gain (a) remains constant for all frequencies. (b) is high at high and low frequencies and constant in the middle frequency range. (c) is low at high and low frequencies and constant at mid frequencies. (d) None of the above. Answer: Correct option is (c) - is low at high and low frequencies and constant at mid frequencies. The voltage gain of a transistor amplifier is constant at mid frequency range only. It is low at high and low frequencies. www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Question 8. In half-wave rectification, what is the output frequency if the input frequency is 50 Hz? What is the output frequency of a full-wave rectifier for the same input frequency? Answer: Input frequency = 50 Hz For a half-wave rectifier, the output frequency is equal to the input frequency. Output frequency = 50 Hz For a full-wave rectifier, the output frequency is twice the inpu t frequency. Output frequency = 2 × 50 = 100 Hz Question 9. For a CE-transistor amplifier, the audio signal voltage across the collected resistance of 2 kΩ is 2 V. Suppose the current amplification factor of the transistor is 100, find the input signal voltage and base current, if the base resistance is 1 kΩ. Answer: Given: Collector resistance, R C = 2 kΩ = 2000 Ω www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Audio signal voltage across the collector resistance, V = 2 V Current amplification factor of the transistor, β = 100 Base resistance, R B = 1 kΩ = 1000 Ω Input signal voltage = V I Base current = I B We have the amplification relation as: =β Voltage amplification VI = ) = =0.01 V Therefore, the input signal voltage of the amplifier is 0.01 V. Base resistance is given by the relation: RB = = =10 x 10 - 6 A Therefore, the base current of the amplifier is 10 μA. www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Question 10. Two amplifiers are connected one after the other in series (cascaded). The first amplifier has a voltage gain of 10 and the second has a voltage gain of 20. If the input signal is 0.01 volt, calculate the output ac signal. Answer: Given: Voltage gain of the first amplifier, V 1 = 10 Voltage gain of the second amplifier, V 2 = 20 Input signal voltage, V I = 0.01 V Output AC signal voltage = V O The total voltage gain of a two -stage cascaded amplifier is given by the product of voltage gains of both the stages, i.e. V = (V 1 × V 2 ) = 10 × 20 = 200 Using, V 0 = (V × V I ), V 0 = (200 × 0.01) = 2 V Therefore, the output AC signal of the given amplifier is 2 V. Question 11. A p-n photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with band gap of 2.8 eV. Can it detect a wavelength of 6000 nm? www.learnohub.com Class 12 Physics | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | NCERT Solutions Answer: Given: Energy band gap of the given photodiode, E g = 2.8 eV Wavelength, λ = 6000 nm = 6000 × 10 − 9 m The energy of a signal is given by the relation: E= Where, h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 × 10 − 3 4 Js c = Speed of light = 3 × 10 8 m/s E= = 3.313 × 10 − 2 0 J But 1.6 × 10 − 1 9 J = 1 eV Therefore, E = 3.313 × 10 − 2 0 J = =0.207eV The energy of a signal of wavelength 6000 nm is 0.207 eV, which is less than 2.8 eV − the energy band gap of a photodiode. Hence, the photodiode cannot detect the signal. ********** www.learnohub.com

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