Social Interaction PDF

16. Social Interaction Thursday, November 14, 2024 11:22 AM MANIPULATION (social influence) Ø Intentionally alter, change, or exploit others HARMFUL MANIPULATION (exploit/harm) Ø Manipulate others with malevolent intent (role of dark personality traits) Ø Dark Personality Traits...

16. Social Interaction Thursday, November 14, 2024 11:22 AM MANIPULATION (social influence) Ø Intentionally alter, change, or exploit others HARMFUL MANIPULATION (exploit/harm) Ø Manipulate others with malevolent intent (role of dark personality traits) Ø Dark Personality Traits - More than one ways to be "bad" - Subclinical Tendencies (not criminals/personality disorder) THE DARK TRIAD (D3) Ø Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy Ø What these 3 have in common: - CALLOUS= lack of empathy > don't care about others/willing to hurt people SUBCLINICAL PSYCHOPATHY > score high in PSYCHOPATHY Ø Characteristics: - Impulse, erratic, lacking self-control - Reckless thrill-seeking - Antisocial behaviour - Psychopathy (Hard tactics) >> Machiavellianism (both hard + soft tactics) Ø Self-Report Psychopathy Scale - Questionnaires - Ex. I admit that I often "mouth off" without thinking", I have tricked someone in me money >> brag about things they have done - Negative correlated to impression management > not responding in a social res reporting their bad behaviour s SUBCLINICAL NARCISSISM > view themselves as better than others Ø Characteristics: - Grandiosity nto giving sponsible>>  reporting their bad behaviour s SUBCLINICAL NARCISSISM > view themselves as better than others Ø Characteristics: - Grandiosity - Selfish, sense of entitlement > entitled to special treatment - Views others as significant Ø Narcissistic Personality Inventory - Ex. I have a natural talent for influencing people, I insist upon getting the respec me Ø Engage in self-deception + self-enhancement >> impervious > tend to be liked a overtime people see their true colours MACHIAVELLIANISM > the end always justifies the means Ø Characteristics: - Master manipulator - Clinical worldview - Strategic, calculating, amoral >> associated with both hard(threatening/hardba tactics (compliments) - Benefits outweigh the risk - Don't trust others Ø Ex. The best way to handle people is to tell then what they want to hear EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THE D3 (DARK TRIAD) Ø PSYCHOPATH: lie, cheat, + aggress >> report range of misbehaviours - Report vandalism, report their bad behaviours Ø NARCCISSITS: self-enhance + aggress after an ego threat - Exaggerate their good qualities - Tell them they're bad at something > will lash out on you Ø Machiavellians: plagiarize essays + avoid risky bets Ø Behaviour Genetic Research - D3 (dark triad) have substantial genetic components - Only MAHIAVELLIANISM has a shared environment component  ct that is due at first >> all)+ soft  Ø Machiavellians: plagiarize essays + avoid risky bets Ø Behaviour Genetic Research - D3 (dark triad) have substantial genetic components - Only MAHIAVELLIANISM has a shared environment component Ø Dark traits may be reflected in certain FACIAL FEATURES Ø Holtzman (2011) Personality Faceaurus.. THE DARK TETRAD (D4) >>> CALLOUS Ø Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Everyday form of Sadism, Psychopathy Ø Sadism: Exists in normal everyday people SUBCLINICAL (EVERYDAY) SADISM Ø Non-sexual Ø Biological basis in predatory aggression > not sex Ø Defined as: CALLOUS enjoyment of others' suffering > enjoy being cruel - Appetitive > for suffering/cruelty > rewarding - Chronic > see it overtime (personality trait) Ø Causes Suffering: physical and/or emotional pain Ø Direct vs Vicarious Sadism 2 WAYS TO BE A SADIST: 1. Direct Sadism = I enjoy psychically hurting people 2. Vicarious Sadism = I enjoy watching MMA, where there is no escape EVERYDAY SADISM: INITIAL LAB STUDIES 1. How to study sadistic behavior in the lab? 2. Is sadism different from other callous traits (ie. The dark triad)? STUDY 1 = Bug Crunching Ø Choose from the following: 1. Kills bugs 2. Help experimenter kills bugs 3. Clean toilets 4. Ice water pain tolerance STUDY 2 = UNPROVOKED AGGRESSION Ø Psychopaths hurt innocent people Ø Only a sadist would WORK to hurt others - Investing time + effort > personal cost - Enjoy suffering >Due to INTRINSIC REWARDS (absent for dark triad) Ø Tested in the lab using a white-noise aggression paradigm Ø Easy vs Costly aggression RATIONALIZATION IN EVERYDAY SADISM > avoid guilt - "I hurt the person, but they didn't really hurt that bad" - Retains positive view of themselves Ø In follow-up research > Sadism predicted a tendency to: - MINIMIZE others' pain - MINIMIZE culpability for harm Ø Due to positive effect Ø Psychological rationalization to enjoy harm w/o guilt ? SADISTS: 1. Enjoy others' suffering 2. Ability to minimize or rationalize the suffering you have caused BIG 5 Associations > Self Reports BIG 5 Associations > Self Reports Ø Narcissism = engage in self-deceptive enhancement (think they have all good tr - High in extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, LOW agreeableness + neuro Ø Machiavellianism = correlated with neuroticism, low in agreeableness + consci Ø Psychopathy = high in extraversion + openness, low in agreeableness + conscien Ø Sadism = extra low in agreeableness + conscientiousness Ø People high in dark traits > no suffering > bad interactions with others - Not unwell but don’t get along w/ others DARK TRAITS: Interpersonal Circumplex Ø Cold hearted; High in agency + low in communion > CALLOUSNESS > Theoretica quadrant 2 Ø Self reports = average agency, high on cold-hearted NARCISSISM & SOCIAL INTERACTION Selection = people who admire them - reflect positive view they hold of themselves Evocation = Exhibitionism splits people - people view them as brilliant + entertaining, others as selfish + boorish Manipulation = highly exploitative of others MACHIAVELLIANISM & SOCIAL INTERACTION Selection = prefer loosely structured situation - Untethered by rules that restrict the deployment of exploitative strategy Evocation = not noticed by others > no reaction until its too late - Tend to evoke anger + retaliation for having been exploited Manipulation = influence or manipulate others using tactics that are EXPLOITATIVE, s and deceptive - Long-term focus raits) oticism ientiousness ntiousness ally in self-serving, Manipulation = influence or manipulate others using tactics that are EXPLOITATIVE, s and deceptive - Long-term focus PSYCHOPATHY & SOCIAL INTERACTION Selection = cheap thrills + dangerous situations that others avoid Evocation = charming, polished, attractive veneer evokes positive emotions + social e - Likely to evoke fear when crossed Manipulation = highly exploitative of others - Short-term focus SADISM & SOCIAL INTERACTIONS Selection = prefer anonymous ONLINE interactions - Prefers anonymous online interactions - Plays violent videogames + sports - Choose careers w/ access to weapons Evocation = evoke hostile + aggressive responses; interpersonal dislike Manipulation = INTENTIONALLY provoke others - Deceptive behaviours trick people into looking foolish self-serving, evaluations