Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems - Module 13: Taoism PDF

SHS Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Module 13: Taoism AIRs - LM LU_Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems _Module13 HUMSS - INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SY...

SHS Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Module 13: Taoism AIRs - LM LU_Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems _Module13 HUMSS - INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS Module 13: Taoism Second Edition, 2021 Copyright © 2021 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners. Development Team of the Module Author: Raymond K. Laroya Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Content Reviewers: Reggie A. Bicera and Macdonald P. Venida Language Reviewer: Marites N. Milana Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr. Design and Layout: Eliza A. Ponce Management Team: Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS Mario B. Paneda, EdD, EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________ Department of Education – SDO La Union Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046 Email Address: [email protected]  SHS Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Module 13: Taoism Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  Target Daoism (Taoism) is a nature-based philosophy which flourished in China during the late Bronze Age. It observes nature subjectively, seeing the observer and the observed s one entire system. Taoism (also known as Daoism) is a Chinese philosophy attributed to Lao Tzu (c. 500 BCE) which contributed to the folk religion of the people primarily in the rural areas of China and became the official religion of the country under the Tang Dynasty. Taoism is therefore both a philosophy and a religion. It emphasizes doing what is natural and "going with the flow" in accordance with the Tao (or Dao), a cosmic force which flows through all things and binds and releases them. In this lesson, we will know more about another Daoic religion- Daoism- and understand its historical development and its relevance to Chinese society and culture. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1.Analyze the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related issues of Taoism (HUMMS_WRB12-II/IVi-13) Specifically, this module will help you to: 1. trace the historical background of Daoism; 2. explain the core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related issues of Daoism;and 3. appreciate Daoism as a philosophy and religion. Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the pretest on the next page in a separate sheet. 1  Jumpstart For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities. Have fun and God bless! Activity 1: Jumble Solver! Directions: Unscramble the letters to form words that are related to Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences using the meaning as your clue. Jumbled Letters Clue Word/Answer A nature-based philosophy and religion that flourished in China 1. I D O M S A during the late Bronze Age and became an official religion during the Tang Dynasty It is one of the most famous symbols 2. I N Y N Y G A represented in Taoism. The meaning behind the symbol is that the colors, black and white, are complementary forces (rather than opposing forces) According to the myth, he was 3. O L I Z A conceived by a shooting star and was born of a virgin mother, who kept him in her womb for 82 years. It is a collection of stories, tales, 4. K B O O F O jokes and anecdotes that have NGCHAUZUT gathered around the figure of Chuang Tzu. Considered as one of the sacred 5. A D O E D N I G J texts of Daoism which means “The Book of the Way and it’s Power” He believes that such freedom can 6. Z Z H I A U G N only be attained by living according to the Dao itself. 7. E A D J R U E P He is the highest Taoist deity. SEON It refers to the natural energy or life 8. H I C force that sustains living beings 2 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  A ritual performed in cases of 9. M E X O C R S I sickness with the goal of gaining victory over the evil spirits. 10. U Z H O A period known for constant struggle YDYSNAT for power, wealth, and prestige. Discover I. Historical Background Daoism is a nature-based philosophy authored and founded by Lao Tzu (c. 500 BCE). The focal idea of Daoism is the relationship of human beings and the nature. Daoist believe that everything comes from the Dao (The Way). Self- cultivation should be encouraged for Daoist to return to the natural mode of existence. Daoism functioned as a philosophy of abandonment and withdrawal from the rampant warfare and social unrest which characterized the reign of the Zhou dynasty--a period of constant struggle for power, wealth, and prestige. It served as a protest of common people against the rising despotism of rulers and served as a reaction to the growing firmness of the moralists, who were followers of Confucius. The goal of Daoists was to conform to the great pattern of nature, which is called Dao, or “The Way.” As a philosophy, Daoism focuses on the great mysteries of the Dao; as a religion, its goal is to achieve long life and, ultimately, immortality. The historian Sima Qian (145-86 BCE) tells the story of Lao-Tzu (Laozi), a curator at the Royal Library in the state of Chu. The name “Lao Tzu,” in the world of learning, also means “old master” or “old scholar.” According to the Myth, Laozi was conceived by a shooting star and was born of a virgin mother, who kept him in her womb for 82 years; he was said to be born with flowing hair, which signifies that he would become a wise man. Lao-Tzu believed in the harmony of all things and that people could live easily together if they only considered each other's feelings once in a while and recognized that their self-interest was not always in the interest of others. Lao-Tzu grew impatient with people and with the corruption he saw in government, which caused the people so much pain and misery. He was so frustrated by his inability to change people's behavior that he decided to go into exile. Before leaving, a gatekeeper named Yin Hsi requested him to write a book. Laozi agreeably wrote two chapters about 3 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  Dao (Way) and De (individua power), which came to be named Dao De Jing or Laozi. Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu), believed to live from 369- 286 BCE. According to Sima Qian, his last name was Chuang, his given name was Chou, and Tzu means “master,” thus Chuang Tzu (Zhuangzi) means “Master Chuang.” He was born in the town of Meng in a small state of Sung, near the border between present-day Hunan and Shandong Province. He served as an officer-in-charge of a royal garden during the middle of the Warring States period and was said to be invited by King Wei of Chu to become his chief minister, which he declined. Zhuangzi is considered a great philosopher and a great writer, and he wrote a book, together with his followers, which became known as Zhuangzi, and was believed to be completed before the Han Dynasty. (Fairbank and Reischauer 1989) II. Sacred Text 1. Dao De Jing (Tao te Ching) Daoism’s foundational text is the Tao te Ching or Dao De Jing, meaning “The Book of the Way and its Power” also known as Lao Tzu. It is a mysterious collection of enigmatic remarks which many find hard to understand. This key book of Taoism was compiled around the 3rd century BCE. Taoists regard the Tao te Ching as the essential guide to living a full spiritual and ethical life. The Dao De Jing has often been attributed to Laozi, but some believe that it was a product of the collective efforts among various groups in China, since a closer analysis of the scripture reveals that there is no integrated philosophy in the Dao De Jing; instead, it was a collection of sayings and proverbs, lines from popular songs, and clever maxims coming from various contributors with various concerns. 2. Book of Chuang Tzu/Zuangzi Written during the third century B.C.E. and attributed to a man named Zhuangzi, the second founder of Daoism. It consists of delightful parables, metaphors, and poetic passages, and is praised for its high literary value which represents the most significant formulation of early Daoist thought. It consists of thirty-three chapters which are divided by modern scholars into three parts. The first part is called the Inner Chapters for all the chapters in this part are widely recognized by modern scholars as written by Chuang Tzu himself. These chapters contain the core Taoist teachings of Chuang Tzu. The second part is called the Outer Chapters for these chapters are believed to have been written not by Chuang Tzu but by his followers. These chapters basically elaborate on the ideas discussed in the Inner Chapters. The third part is called the Mixed Chapters for they are a combination of philosophical texts that are believed to have been written by Chuang Tzu and his followers (Puqun Li 2012, 195). 4 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  Zhuangzi believes that such freedom can only be attained by living according to the Dao itself. Part of living according to the Dao is to defer to its laws, which includes the law of dying. According to the book, the sage—through his exceptional wisdom—is liberated from life’s ups and downs and the world and has overcome his sensibility. This gives equal importance to life and death and does not advocate longevity as opposed to Confucianism. Daoist concept of salvation focuses on this life than in the afterlife. Zhuangzi’s central theme is the relativity of things or nature or balance of yin yang. III. Concepts, Beliefs, Doctrines and Practices 1. The Dao It is the essential concept and creative principle in Daoism, existed before the world according to Lau Tzu. It is undetectable, indistinct, shapeless, and indefinable, it is the foundation of all being, and the way in which nature and the universe exist. All things come from it, and are nourished by it, that is why sometimes the Dao is called “Mother.” Dao is the origin of heaven and earth, and it is also the way in which heaven and earth now live. Its meaning differs across religions and philosophies: for Confucians, it refers to the basic principles of moral philosophy while for the Legalists, it is the way of power (Brown 1987). The Dao is distinct from God. It is not a being for it is the origin of all beings, and its great virtue is that it does everything but desires nothing. It is “emptiness”, which does not compete with other forces but is contentment with itself. This contentment, when practiced by people, will enable them to lead good lives (Ching 1993) 2. Deity/God (Dao as the Origin of all Beings) Daoism does not have a God unlike other religions in the world. Daoists believe that the universe originated from the Dao, which created and controls the universe and distantly guides things on their way. However, the Dao itself is not God and is not worshipped by the Daoists. Instead, they worship deities, who are gods of a particular role, and they traditionally worship Lao Tzu not only as the first god of Daoism but also as the representation of the Dao. Daoists also believe that the Dao can only be found in silence since it is heavenly and beyond change. For the Daoists, God is found inside us, in the thoughtful emptiness from which all power and life originates in all directions; it is the “Nothing” within all of us where all our energy comes from. Religious Taoism, influenced by Chinese folk religions, also believes in many deities (gods and goddesses). Taoism, in this regard, is a polytheistic religion. It is said that there are thousands of Taoist deities. Some are spirits of nature occupying rivers, streams, and mountains. Some represent different powers of the universe. Some are holy men who are believed to have achieved immortality (they include emperors). And some are ancestral spirits who are usually regarded as protective household gods (Molloy 2010, 228-229) 5 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 The Three Pure One The most important of the Taoist deities are the ones constituting the socalled the Three Pure Ones or Three Purities (called Sanjing or San Ching), which is regarded as the Taoist version of the Trinity. These gods are considered the pure manifestations of the Tao. A. “Jade Pure One” or the “Primeval Lord of the Heaven” (YuanshiTianzun). He is believed to be residing in the Heaven of Jade Purity. He is described as eternal, limitless, without form, the source of everything, and the administrator of Heaven. He is the highest Taoist deity. B. “Supreme Pure One” or “Lord of the Numinous Treasure” (LingbaoTianzun). He is associated with the principle of yin and yang and is considered the source of Taoist knowledge and scripture (the Tao Te Ching). C. “Grand Pure One” or “Lord of the Way and its Virtue” (DaodeTianzun). He is believed to have been manifested or incarnated in the form of Lao Tzu. He is depicted as having pure white beard, symbolizing his being an eminent, aged ruler. 3. Yin Yang The Yin-Yang (meaning “shady side” and “sunny side”) is one of the most famous symbols represented in Taoism. The meaning behind the symbol is that the dark and light, night and day, hot and cold, sky and earth, male and colors, black and white, are complementary forces (rather than opposing forces). This symbol represents how nothing is completely yin or yang and are interdependent on each other, such as, night and day or life and death. They are opposite but complementary forces, like female, right and left, front and back, birth and death, up and down, out and in, strong and weak, and so many others. The principle of the yin and yang is also called the Law of Reversion— the forces of yin and yang reversing with one another—which the Tao Te Ching (Chapter2, translation by Mitchell 1995). 4. The De The De, which means virtue or the proper adherence to Dao. It refers to the power to bring the Tao into realization. It means “virtue,” both in the sense of “moral character” and the “power to act.” It encourages inaction in nature and advocates the quiet and passive nature of a person so that the Dao, or the creative principle in the universe, may act through them without interference. People should simply follow the Dao and must do nothing on their own. “Non-competition in Emptiness” is said to be the other side of the principle of “inaction in nature.” For Daoists, inaction means a person’s outward actions, and emptiness is the corresponding inner state, which also means “absence of desire.” Daoists believe that when a person becomes peaceful, that person acquires power to overcome all things without having to compete with others. In line with 6 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 this, humility and avoiding competition with others are two virtues which Daoists value most. Lastly, “contentment with what is” is another expression of inaction in nature and of non-competition in emptiness. By following the way of nature, a person can attain contentment. For Laozi, the way of happiness is contentment. “There is no greater sin than the desire for possession, no greater curse than the lack of contentment.” (Brown 1987) The Three Jewels Connected to Te (virtue) and Wu-Wei (effortless action) are the three major Taoist virtues, known as the Three Jewels (or Three Treasures) of Taoism. These virtues are compassion, moderation or simplicity, and humility. An ideal Taoist prefers a simple life. Living according to the natural flow of things means living a simple life. Simplicity is avoiding extremes and includes contentment. A simple life is a life lived with contentment. 5. Wu Wei Wu-Wei means “no behaviour” or “doing nothing.” It also means “to do without doing” or “actionless activity.” It refers to the cancellation or restriction of human behaviour, especially human activities. It advocates a “go with the flow” attitude by cultivating a state of being wherein our actions are in harmony with the natural cycles of the universe. It also means living in harmony with the flow of nature, never resisting it. In this connection, it is described as effortless or spontaneous action. For if we are just going with the flow of nature, our actions are effortless, just like how, for instance, plants and animals live, they just follow the natural course of things to survive. Spontaneity, or “being natural” is important in Wu-Wei, for Daoists believe that everything in the world should develop naturally. Non-aggression is also important in Wu Wei, for Laozi believed that the Daoist ideal society is a primitive community with a natural, harmonious, and simple life which exists without war and competition (Sharma 1993). 6. Qi/Chi Qi/Chi is a primal substance that animates the universe in Taoism, a mysterious force introduced to us by ancient Chinese myths and legends that have also told us about the Tai Chi and about Tao. Chi is the force that sets the world and everything in it into motion. The qi refers to the natural energy or life force that sustains living beings. Qi literally means “air’ or “vapor.” It is the fundamental substance of nature and living beings, as well as life force. It refers to matter, which is continuous, energetic, and dynamic. It is sometimes translated as “material force” or “vital force.” It is considered as the foundation of body and life. Daoists believe that everything is made up of qi and will eventually return to qi. Because of this, people should not be afraid of death, for life and death are but phases of the circulation of qi (Sharma 1993). Daoists believe that the balance of qi is the key to a healthy life and longevity. Qi is considered as the basic component of everything that exists, which gives form to life and makes things happen. It is considered as the root of the human body, the basis of human health. 7 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 IV. Worship and Observances Ritual or liturgical expressions are important to the Daoist religion. These include ritual initiation meant for purification and renewal in the life cycle and development of the human person. Daoist priests are licensed to perform rituals of specific traditions. One form of ritual is exorcism, performed in cases of sickness with the goal of gaining victory over the evil spirits. Other rituals are performed in the form of festivals, especially New Year. In these rituals, incense is a central aspect, together with the sacrificial offering of sacred writings such as paper charms which contain the prayers of individuals, bearing their names and the intentions which are burned as part of the ritual. One major ritual is the Chiao (jiao) that is a cosmic renewal which is made up of several small rituals. A shortened version of this ritual requires the local villagers to present offerings to the deities, to bring peace and prosperity to the village. A. Meditative Practices Humility and non-competition are among the most important virtues in Daoism with naturalness and naturalism, as well as non-aggression and passive rule, manifest the fundamental virtue of Wu Wei. The physical appearance of the Daoist sage exemplifies the virtue of humility. The sage also manifests the virtue of non-competition by not competing but emerging victorious, nonetheless. (Brodd World Religions: A Voyage of Discovery) B. Moral Practices Daoists put emphasis on ethical behaviour by incorporating it into their practices. They value the need for a moral life, of good works as well as of ritual atonement for misbehaviour (Ching 1993). Daoism values the virtues of naturalness, behaving as nature dictates, not as caused by social pressure or personal pride; and naturalism, which entails resisting temptation to meddle with nature. Daoists tend not to initiate action; instead they wait for events to make action necessary, avoiding letting their own desires and compulsions push them into doing things. Generally, Daoism, just like other religions, disapprove of killing, stealing, lying, and promiscuity. It promotes philanthropic, selfless, and humane behaviour. Good behaviour is seen as an essential part not only of self- improvement but the world as a whole. Goal Practices To attain longevity - use of potions (led to the practice of alchemical and immortality experiments which made lasting contributions in various fields such as chemistry, medicine, and pharmacology) - practice meditation (includes experiments with one’s self, especially the body through the use of methods of inner alchemy, associated with yoga and other forms of meditation) - breathing technique (to be in contact with qi, for longevity and to counter aging. 8 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  To dispel illness or - Jiao Festival (or the rite of cosmic renewal, celebrated to suffering rededicate thee local temple and to renew the whole community by cleansing it from suffering and hardships. - Refrain from eating grain (based on the Daoist belief that illness is caused by three corpse worms which reside in the body and eating grain will encourage these worms to stay. - Confession and purging of one’s sin (based on the belief that illness may be caused by wrongdoings) V. SELECTED ISSUES A. Fatalism Daoism has been criticized for propagating laziness or espousing a fatalistic attitude in life by letting nature take its course and reminding Daoist to just go with the flow. This is in accordance with their belief in Wu-Wei- reveal that inaction in Daoism simply means avoiding unnatural actions by not doing force or aggressive actions. This means performing all one’s actions with natural and unforced attitude. The running water exemplifies this kind of unforced action, for when running water in a stream encounters a rock on its path it does not need to force its way to be able to pass through, instead it just passes through its sides for it to continue its path. Daoist believe that force causes resistance. Inaction is often misinterpreted as not doing anything, when in fact it means doing things naturally by taking the natural action without the use of force. B. Superstition There is a misconception that Daoism involves sorcery, which includes the drawing of signs, chants, and other practices which led to the notion that Daoism promotes superstitious practices. But the practice of ancestor worship has been an aspect of Chinese culture which found its way in Daoism, similar to the Shinto practice among the Japanese, thus Daoists often find themselves in temples, praying to their ancestors for guidance in their everyday lives. They believe that all things have spirits, and that deities of the heavens and earth are all around us. They are always around us to guide, protect, and bless us, thus we should always see to it that we show our gratitude to them by performing rituals such as praying and using incense as a medium of communicating with the deities, for they believe that when the precious incense burns in the golden incense burner, the smoke travels up to the heavens. C. Urban Development Environmentalism is one issue confronted by Daoism. Daoists believe in the dictum “leave nature alone and nature will thrive.” It advocated a utopian vision of society characterized by order and harmony, and an emphasis on self- cultivation as a means of achieving social harmony. Daoism advocates the idea that we should follow the lead of nature instead of controlling it, for humans are natural creatures who should live in harmony with nature. China’s excessive movement toward urban development at present is seen as being inconsistent with the Daoist belief in the importance of living in harmony with nature. Daoists believe that social harmony will be achieved through a return to nature. 9 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  Explore Here is an enrichment activity for you on to master and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from the previous lesson Activity 1: Take it Essay! Directions: Based on what you have learned from this module, answer the following questions briefly but substantially. Use another sheet of paper for your answers. 1. Do you agree with this quote? Expound your answer. “There is no greater sin than the desire for possession, no greater curse than the lack of contentment.” 2. How does one achieve the state of being one with the Dao? 3. Why does Daoism have been criticized for propagating laziness or espousing a fatalistic attitude? 4. Why do Daoist people need to avoid competition with others? 5. What aspect/concept of Daoism can we adopt as Filipinos that will help us improve our society? Expound your answer. Rubric 5 Points 3 Points 1 Point Ideas/ Answers are Answers are not Answers are off Content and comprehensive, comprehensive or tangent to the Organization accurate and completely stated. Key questions and complete. Key Ideas points are addressed not supported. are clearly stated, but not well explained, and well supported. supported. 10 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  Deepen Enrichment Activity 1: Reflect and Decide Directions: Think of your personal belongings. Group them into two: those that you can live without them and things that you cannot live without them in your normal life. Reflect on your classification. Then answer the guide questions below. Personal Belongings Things you can live without them Things you cannot live without them Guide Questions: 1. What are your bases on your classification? Expound your answer. 2. Focus on the things you considered you cannot live without them. If you were to simplify your life (or further simplify it), are you willing to drop those things in your life? Expound your answer. 3. How would you describe simple living? 4. Is contentment essential ingredients of a simple life? Expound your answer. 5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point Ideas/ Answers are Answers Answers are Answers Answers Content and comprehensive are not are partial are off Organization , accurate and accurate comprehensive and tangent to complete. Key and or completely incomplete. the Ideas are complete. stated. Key Key points questions clearly stated, Key points points are are not and not explained and are stated addressed but clear. supported. well- and not well Questions supported. supported. supported. not adequately answered and not supported. 11 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  Gauge Directions: Read and analyze the following questions/statements. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper. 1. In Daoism, in order to obtain longevity and immortality, one must practice the following EXCEPT ONE. A. Breathing Technique B. Grain Practice Meditation C. Refrain from eating D. Use of Potions 2. It is a nature-based philosophy and religion that focuses its idea on relationship of human beings and the nature in order to achieve harmony and balance. A. Buddhism B. Confucianism C. Daoism/Taoism D. Shintoism 3. The Taoist concept of harmony among opposites is contained in the principle of ____. A. Chi B. Wu-Wei C. Dao D. Yang and Ying 4. It pertains to the natural energy or life force that sustains living beings and literally means “Air” or “Vapor”. A. Chi B. Dao C. Wu-Wei D. Yin and Yang 5. Which of the following concept or doctrine of Daoism advocates a “go with the flow” attitude by cultivating a state of being wherein our actions are in harmony with the natural cycles of the universe A. Chi B. Dao C. Wu-Wei D. Yin and Yang 6. What do you call the rite of cosmic renewal, celebrated to rededicate the local temple and to renew the whole community by cleansing it from suffering and hardships? A. Chi Festival B. Jiao Festival C. Exorcism D. Wu-Wei 7. The three major Taoist virtues, known as the Three Jewels are humility, compassion and __________. A. Filial Piety B. Generosity C. Moderation or Simplicity D. Purity 8. Who among the Three Pure One is believed to have been manifested or incarnated in the form of Lao Tzu? A. Grand Pure One B. Supreme Pure One C. Jade Pure One D. Purified Pure One 12 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 9. The principle of the yin and yang is also called the ___________—the forces of yin and yang reversing with one another A. Law of the Dao B. Law of Motion C. Law of Energy D. Law of Reversion 10. Which among the concept/doctrine of Daoism encourages inaction in nature and advocates the quiet and passive nature of a person? A. The Dao B. The De C. Wu-Wei D. Yin-Yang 11. It is a mysterious collection of enigmatic remarks which many find hard to understand and considered as Daoism’s foundational text? A. Dao De Jing B. The Book of Chuang C. De Dao Jing D. Zuangzi 12. He believed in the harmony of all things and that people could live easily together if they only considered each other's feelings once in a while and recognized that their self-interest was not always in the interest of others. A. Confucius B. Lao Tzu C. Mencius D. Zuangzi 13. How does one achieve the state of being one with the Dao? A. Human nature must deviate with the rest of nature B. Human nature should be aligned with the other cosmic deities and practice meditation and yoga C. Human nature should be aligned with the rest of the nature to achieve harmony and balance D. Human nature should focus their belief in one God in Daoism and emphasize on individualism 14. Which of the following statement explained the concept of the Dao? A. Dao is the origin of heaven and earth according to the Shinto B. Dao is the origin of heaven and earth and the path through success C. Dao is the origin of heaven and earth and the way to perfect enlightenment D. Dao is the origin of heaven and earth and it is also the way in which heaven and earth now live 15. Which of the following explain the concept of Daoism? A. Living in harmony with celestial being is the way of living with the Dao B. Living in harmony and balance with only one God is the way of living with the Dao C. Living in harmony with Supreme Being and good relationship with others will lead to the Dao D. Living in harmony with nature is the way of living the Dao, which will lead to good health and long life because there is a balance of yin yang 13 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 II. Read and analyze the following statements. Write TRUE if the statement gives correct information about Daoism and FALSE if it is not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of pad paper. 16. Daoism advocates the idea that we should control the nature instead of letting them lead, for humans are natural creatures who should live in control with nature. 17.Daoist believe that when the precious incense burns in the golden incense burner, the smoke travels up to the heavens. 18. Inaction in Daoism is often misinterpreted as not doing anything, when in fact it means doing things naturally by taking the natural action without the use of force. 19. As a philosophy, Daoism focuses on the achievement of long life and immortality while as a religion, it focuses on great mysteries of the Dao. 20. Daoist concept of salvation focuses on after life rather than their present life. Great job! You accomplished the module. Congratulations! 14 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13 15 Jumpstart: Gauge: 1. C (Activity 1: Jumble Solver 2. C 3. D 1. DAOISM 4. B 5. C 2. YIN YANG 6. D 7. C 3. LAOZI 8. A 4. BOOK OF CHUANG TZU 9. D 10. B 5. DAO DE JING 11. A 12. B 6. ZHUANGZI 13. B 7. JADE PURE ONES 14. D 15. D 8. CHI 16. False 9. EXORCISM 17. True 18. True 10. ZHOU DYNASTY 19. False 20. False Answer Key References Printed: Ong, Jerome A. et.al (2016). Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems,1253 Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Quezon City, Vibal Group, Inc. pp.198-208 Jr. Mabaquiao, Napoleon M.PhD, (2016). Introduction to World Religion and Belief Systems, 927 Phoenix Bldg, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila Phoenix Publishing House (Pandayon Series). pp 226-254 Websites: (https://www.bookdepository.com/Book-Chuang-Tzu-Chuang- Tzu/9780140455373) (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tao-te-Ching) (https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/texts/texts.shtml#:~:text=Tao% 20Te%20Ching, known%20as%20the%20Lao%2Dtzu.) (https://www.kobo.com/nz/en/ebook/chuang-tzu-mystic-moralist-and-social reformer-2) (https://www.filosofiaesoterica.com/lao-tzu-on-all-around-mastery/) (https://www.ancient-symbols.com/symbols-directory/taijitu.html) (https://taoismchina.weebly.com/sacred-symbols.html) https://www.ancient.eu/Taoism/https://people.howstuffworks.com/taois mandchi.htm#:~:text=In%20Taoism//https://taoismchina.weebly.com/ritu als-worship-and-festivals.html 16 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  17 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13  For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – SDO La Union Curriclum Implementation Division Learning Resource Management Section Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500 Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127 Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046 Email Address: [email protected] [email protected] 18 LU_ Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems_Module13