International Cooperation PDF

| TT ® Chapter Thirteen International cooperation Introduction In Standard Four, you learnt about bu...

| TT ® Chapter Thirteen International cooperation Introduction In Standard Four, you learnt about building good relations with people of different origins, including the acts of hospitality and brotherhood and the concept of “globalization.” In this chapter, you are going to learn about international cooperation, diplomatic relations, and international communities. You will also learn about the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. International cooperation refers to agreements made by different nations aimed at working together. When the cooperation involves neighbouring countries or countries under the same geographical region, it is termed regional cooperation. Importance of international cooperation Many nations in the world cooperate in order to be powerful in all aspects. International cooperation fosters sharing of professional skills and experiences among members. It also builds friendships, for example through cultural exchange, business, politics, and economy. Stable international relations enhance peace and security. Good relations among nations is more important especially to neighbouring countries. Through international cooperation, Tanzania benefits via, for example, getting markets for her products, loans, expertise, and scholarships. Tanzania foreign policy The 2015 Tanzanian foreign policy identifies the direction of international relations. The policy focuses on the following major aims: to protect peace and security of the United Republic of Tanzania and to stabilize the international relations and forecasting development, peace and security in | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 174 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | ® the world. It also focuses on the rectification of the United Nations and other monetary institutions. In addition, it allows collaboration with any country which has trust in Tanzania. Additionally, the policy encourages developing cooperation among other developing countries, fighting beyond the new economic model, and strengthening the African Union. Advantages of international relations Tanzania cooperates with other nations in politics, economy, diplomacy and culture. Economic cooperation is more sensitive since no nation in the world is economically self satisfactory. International trade can be conducted only if there are good international relations. Different embassies have been opened to stabilize political, economic and cultural relations between Tanzania and other countries. Cultural cooperation is strengthened by economic and political integration. International relations also strengthen peace and security in the neighbouring countries. For example, the relations between Tanzania and Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Mozambique, and Burundi is strengthened by their good neighbourhood. International cooperation strengthens peace, facilitates development and fosters professional integration. It also strengthens trade, especially when the nations decide to have a common currency. In addition, international relations help in exchanging technology among members to facilitate free movement of people from one country to another. Challenges facing international relations Several challenges face international relations. Some of them include contract violation, untrustworthiness, as well as ideological and cultural differences. Other challenges include boarder conflicts, business conflicts, and administrative regime change. Additionally, economic and development differences may lead one nation to be superior than others. Political instability, rebellion, and terrorism are also among the challenges facing international relations. | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 175 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | TT ® oe | Look at the following pictures and answer the questions that follow. Figure1: Relations between Tanzania and other countries | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 176 @ 2021/08/04 v6 | | || ® (eerie ) Answer the following questions: , 1. | What do you see in picture 1? Mention the advantages brought by the activity in picture 2 WN What are the neighbouring countries of Tanzania? What is the policy guiding the relations of Tanzania with other BR countries? In which year did the policy become operational? { OS aD Discuss with your fellow pupils the importance of international relations between Tanzania and other nations in economic and political development. Write the advantages in your exercise book and submit it to your teacher. International communities International communities are made of several countries. Examples of international communities are Commonwealth (CW), the United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). These communities have been formed purposely for different goals and international duties. Commonwealth Commonwealth refers to the union of free nations that were once colonised by the British. It was established in 1949. One of its goals was to build cooperation, friendship, and brotherhood among the nations. Another goal was to deal with political resolutions especially among the member states. This relation intends to ensure equality, human rights and dignity as well as respect. Tanzania is a member of commonwealth countries. It benefits the following: The country has an opportunity to share their views with developed countries. Economically, Tanzania gets market for its products. In addition, rich nations like England, Canada and Australia provide aid and grants to developing member countries. | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 177 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | TT ® United Nations (UN) The United Nations is the union of free independent states in the world. It was established in 1945 soon after the Second World War. Objectives of the United Nations 1. To ensure peace and security of the whole world 2. Toresolve political, economic, social, cultural and legal conflicts among nations Achievements of the United Nations The following are some of the achievements of the United Nations: (i) | Refraining from the occurrence of another World War. (ii) | Reducing the production of dangerous weapons such as nuclear weapons. (ill) Helping countries such as Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Kenya, and Uganda to get independence. (iv) Resolving different inter-political conflicts and civil wars between member states. (v) Providing peace keepers and other aid to countries with political instabilities. (vi) Forming different United Nation agencies for development such as the International Labour Organisation, United Nation Children Education Fund, and United Nation High Commission for Refugee. (vii) Combating racism and colonialism. Challenges facing the United Nations The United Nations faces many challenges. These include the division between poor and rich countries and civil wars in different areas, such as Nigeria, Burundi, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 178 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | |  Figure 2: Refugee camp African Union (AU) The African Union was established in 2002 with the following objectives: to bring solidarity and togetherness among African countries, protect peace and morality among member states, insisting on international cooperation and respect for human rights. The union enhances peace, security and safety of the African continent. It also promotes principles of democracy and good governance among its member states. The African Union strengthens sustainable economic, societal, and cultural development. It also facilitates development of science and technology among the member states. Achievements of the African Union Through this union, different achievements have been made. One of the achievements is to maintain good economic relationships between member states such as the East African Community, Southern African Development Community, Common—Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and the | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 179 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | TT ® Economic Cooperation of Western African States. The main objective of these communities is to fight against poverty and diseases among member states and to ensure peace and unity among them. Another achievement is the construction of infrastructures, which link together different African countries so as to simplify trade and transportation. A good example is the road from Cape Town to Cairo (Egypt) through Dodoma and Manyara in Tanzania. Challenges of the African Union The biggest challenge facing the African Union is poverty and political instability among its member states. A good example is the conflict in South Sudan. The East African Community (EAC) The cooperation among East African countries such as Tanganyika, Kenya and Uganda started in 1947. These countries were under the British Colonial rule. At that time, their cooperation was based on social services. Colonial governors were the highest people who gave orders. After the independence of these countries, a New East African Community was formed in 1967. Various aspects of cooperation were established. These included railway, monetary, postal, and the examination council. This cooperation collapsed in 1977 due to different reasons. One reason is the difference in political ideology. Whereas Kenya adopted capitalism, Tanzania adopted socialism. In contrast, Uganda was under the dictatorship form of government by Idd Amin. Idd Amin destroyed neighbouring relations by claiming that Kagera Region was part of Uganda. It was also said that Kenya had more seats than Tanzania and Uganda on the decision- making committee. In 1993, leaders of East Africa, namely Daniel Arap Moi (President of Kenya), Ali Hassan Mwinyi (President of Tanzania) and Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (President of Uganda), discussed revamping the East African Community. On 7" July 2000, the new East African Community was formed with its headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania. Later on, other members joined the EAC and marked a total of six (6) countries. These are Burundi and Rwanda which joined it in 2007 and South Sudan which joined it in 2016. | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 180 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | || ® Objectives of the East African Community (EAC) Some objectives of the East African Community are to foster sustainable development, enhance good governance by removing economic sanctions, encourage free movement of people, and strengthen unity and solidarity among its member states. Other objectives are starting political federation and reaching economic development and good life to the member states. It seeks to collaborate in removing economic sanctions by having common tariffs, a common market, a common policy, and strategies for industrialization. The community expects to have a common currency and engage in environment conservation. Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tanzania is one of the members of the Southern African Development Community. This community was established in 1980. It involves all southern African countries. Its headquarters are in Lusaka, Zambia. This community has 15 member states which are South Africa, Angola, Botswana, eSwatini, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Seychelles, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mauritius, and Mozambique. Objectives of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) The objectives of the Southern African Development Community include ensuring security, solidarity and safety; building infrastructure such as communication; and reducing dependence on foreign aid. The community intends to resolve economic challenges, socially and politically within the member states. SADC also aims to develop agriculture and industries among member states. | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 181 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | TT ® - (Gate ). Answer the following questions: 1. List different international communities in which Tanzania is a member state? 2. Outline the advantages that Tanzania is getting from being a member of different international communities. What do you understand by the term “United Nations”? Ww What are the objectives of the United Nations? oa fF Mention the objectives of the East African Community. Mention the names of the Presidents who formed the East African Community. 4 d am Discuss with your teacher and fellow pupils the advantages that Tanzania is getting from being amember of the East African Community. Indicators and effects of globalization on Tanzania Globalization is a form of international relation between nations in different aspect such as economy, business, politics, society and culture. This system is accelerated by science and technology as well as information systems. Technology simplifies communication through electronic tools, such as computers and mobile phones. This system has led to interaction and cooperation among states. Therefore, in this section, you will learn the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. You will also learn how to address the effects of globalization in Tanzania. Indicators of globalization include freedom of investment of capital | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5FINAL.indd 182 @ 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | ® and money internationally, free market, freedom of people, wealth and technological transfer around the world. Globalization ensures democracy and good governance. Another indication of globalization is the spread of international agencies such as international banks and business companies. Other indicators include withdraw from international business forums by some governments, improvement in information technology especially the international media and uses of social media. Read the following conversation and answer the questions which follow. Zena: Was there globalization during your time? Grandfather: Globalization? What is it? Zena: It is a new way by which nations interact with each other easily and effectively in political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Grandfather: Ahaa! So what are the advantages of globalization? Zena: It has several advantages: It reduces economic sanctions, provides job opportunities, increases investments, and leads to technological advancement. Therefore, globalization helps to improve social welfare such as health, water, education, and transport services. Grandfather: You have mentioned these advantages. Then, what about its disadvantages? Zena: It is true! There are disadvantages of globalisation. For example, it has reduced the power of states to decide their affairs independently. It leads to the increase of illegal things such drugs and weapons. Globalisation has also affected our culture since people adopt foreign customs and traditions, which are against our values. It also leads to cyber- crime, terrorism and exploitation of developing countries. Grandfather: That is why, nowadays, there is an increase in moral decay. So, what can we do to fight against those negative impacts? | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5 FINAL.indd 183 2021/08/04 15:44 | | | TT ® Zena: We’re supposed to help each other since unity is strength. We’re supposed to improve our education system so that it can filter and allow only the acceptable content to be accessible to us. We should use our resources properly to reduce over dependence on foreign aid, which normally comes with difficult conditions. Grandfather: Good, my granddaughter! We’re supposed to respect our moral values. We should protect and cherish our culture and stop copying everything foreign. All youth who will be imitating bad foreign customs and conducts should be punished. Zena: | understand you. | won't be one of them, Grandfather! Answer the following questions: 1. | Mention the advantages of globalization. 2. What are the effects of globalization? 3. | Mention ways which can be used to fight against negative effects of globalization OR Discuss with your fellow pupils the impact of globalization on your community. Summarise your discussion in your exercise book and submit it to your teacher. | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5 FINAL.indd 184 2021/08/04 15:44 | |  SECTION A Match the items in Part A with their correct counterparts in Part B. A a AN PART B 1. International Relations (a) Moral decay 2. Communities in which (b) All independent states are Tanzania is a member voluntary member states. 3. Strengthening international (c) Promoting business relations (d) Separation 4. Effects of globalization (e) Relation between one nation 5. United Nations with another nation(s). (f) United Nations, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Commonwealth, East African Community (g)East African community, globalization and technology, trade Union, Commonwealth African Union SECTION B Write True for a true statement and False for a false one. 1. It is prohibited for a low income country to join the East African community. 2. A Tanzanian business man or woman Is supposed to conduct his or her business activities only in Tanzania. 3. Therelation between Kenya and Tanzania has helped to strengthen economy in both countries. 4. The United Nations provides financial support to its member states. 5. Diplomatic relations help Tanzania to promote her culture. \ | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5 FINAL.indd 185 2021/08/04 15:44 | | || FEO ® Vocabulary Almighty God Challenge restrictions and problems that someone faces Community a social unit with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs, or identity Dignity a State of being respected as a human being Diplomacy wisdom of dealing with people to build relations with other countries or nations Discrimination treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way Government a body of authority with legal political power of domination Revamp give new and improved form, structure or appearance to Terrorism a State of fear and threat of a group to others | | CIVIC & MORAL STD 5 FINAL.indd 186 2021/08/04 15:44 | |