Nucleic Acids PDF

Nucleic Acids Stated Clearly: How does DNA work? Pg. 28 – 29 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids (polymers) are macromolecules composed of chains of nucleotides (monomers). Types of nucleic acids ❑ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ❑ RNA (ribonucleic acid) ❑ ATP (adenosine triphosphate) DNA stores heredit...

Nucleic Acids Stated Clearly: How does DNA work? Pg. 28 – 29 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids (polymers) are macromolecules composed of chains of nucleotides (monomers). Types of nucleic acids ❑ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ❑ RNA (ribonucleic acid) ❑ ATP (adenosine triphosphate) DNA stores hereditary information (i.e. physical appearance, protein structure, predisposition to disease, etc.) RNA helps transfer hereditary information into proteins Nucleotides are made of Phosphate group (PO4-) Nitrogenous Base Made of single or double Adenine (A) carbon-nitrogen ring Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) in DNA Uracil (U) in RNA Sugar (can be deoxyribose or ribose) Nucleotides have different nitrogenous bases. Nucleic Acid Synthesis Nucleotides join via phosphodiester bond to create a nucleic acid. Ligase Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA RNA # of strands Type of sugar Nitrogen bases Complementary base pairs? Hydrogen bonds? Backbone Location in cell Structure of DNA Structure of RNA Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA RNA # of strands double strand single strand Type of sugar deoxyribose ribose Nitrogen bases A, C, G, T A, C, G, U Complementary yes (because it is No base pairs? double stranded) Hydrogen bonds? Yes No Backbone sugar and phosphate sugar and phosphate Location in cell Nucleus Nucleus, cytoplasm Chargaff ’s Rule Chargaff’s Rule: A = T and G = C ○ samples from all organisms obey this rule Example: A DNA molecule has 20% adenine nucleotides. What % of the DNA is made of cytosine nucleotides? Complementary Base Pairing DNA Template 3’ATTCGTCA5’ DNA complementary strand RNA complementary strand ATP - a special nucleotide… Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the universal energy carrying molecule High-energy bonds exist between the phosphate groups. When these bonds are broken, energy is released. ATP … con’t What is the nucleotide called when only 1 phosphate group remains attached to the ribose? ADPAMP