11U World Religions Exam PDF

Islam: -​ Modesty means dressing and acting in a way that avoids drawing attention from others. -​ The Qur’an instructs both men and women to ‘avert their eyes, and safeguard their modesty Male modesty: -​ Men cover the area from above the bellybutton to below the knee. Scullcap...

Islam: -​ Modesty means dressing and acting in a way that avoids drawing attention from others. -​ The Qur’an instructs both men and women to ‘avert their eyes, and safeguard their modesty Male modesty: -​ Men cover the area from above the bellybutton to below the knee. Scullcap for prayer -​ Having a beard is also an important aspect of modesty for men. Female modesty: -​ For Muslim women, modesty is generally understood as covering the body. Often meant to cover everything except their face, hands and feet while with unrelated men Why do muslim women wear head coverings: -​ Allah commands muslims to be modest - respected for who they are -​ The hijab liberates women - judgement of the heart -​ For identity - visible symbol of faith -​ Foster understanding - sparks interfaith dialogue and conversation Hijab: Covers the hair, neck, and sometimes shoulders, leaving the face visible. Niqab: Covers the face, leaving only the eyes visible, often paired with a headscarf. Burqa: Covers the entire body and face, with a mesh screen for the eyes. Halal: Things that is allowed to eat in Islam. Ramadan: The holy month of fasting in Islam. Jihad: Means ‘to struggle’ and can refer to a spiritual struggle they go through for Allah Iftar: The meal Muslims have after sunset to end a day of fasting during Ramadan Calendar: The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar. It is based on the amount of time it takes the moon to go around the Earth.12 months, but the Islamic lunar calendar is shorter by 11 days. This means that Muslim festivals start eleven days earlier each year. Muslims taking part in this fast: -​ Improving self-control and discipline -​ Having more awareness of the suffering, the sick, poor and hungry -​ Following the example of Muhammad -​ Repenting (saying sorry) for doing wrong -​ Feeling part of the Muslim community around the world Ramadan: the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. -​ The Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad during Ramadan on the Night of Power. -​ Ramadan is believed to be a holy month when the gates of hell are open and the devil is chained up. -​ Every day during daylight hours throughout the month of Ramadan all healthy adult Muslims abstain (stay away) from eating, drinking, smoking and sexual activities. -​ Muslims will get up early in the morning while it is still dark so that they can eat and they can eat again in the evening when the sun goes down. Haram Guidelines: -​ The blood of any animal -​ Any products from pigs -​ Alcohol or any food containing alcohol -​ Animals that have not been killed according to sharia law  -​ Sharia law states that a prayer must be recited over an animal to calm it down before being killed. In order for the meat to be halal, the animal should not be able to see or hear other animals being killed. -​ To kill an animal, a sharp knife should be used to cut the neck from ear to ear to cause the least amount of suffering. When animals are killed this way, the blood will drain out, making the food halal. Origins of Shariah: (what its based on) -​ The Qur’an: detailed passages on how a person should live a good life. -​ The Sunna: a collection of Muhammad’s sayings and actions, taken down and transmitted by his family and friends. -​ The Hadith: a collection of Muhammad’s sayings, actions, and statements about Islam as it was practiced in his time. 5 Categories of Shariah Law: Obligatory actions or duties: Following the Five Pillars of Islam. Recommended actions: Making charitable contributions beyond zakat and doing volunteer work. Neutral actions: Neutral actions are not addressed by Qur’an, Sunna, or Hadith. Discouraged actions: Divorce; however, no penalty is imposed in Islamic law Forbidden actions: Murder, theft, adultery. Obligatory actions or duties: Following the Five Pillars of Islam. Recommended actions: Making charitable contributions beyond zakat and doing volunteer Neutral actions: Neutral actions are not addressed by Qur’an, Sunna, or Hadith. Discouraged actions: Divorce; however, no penalty is imposed in Islamic law Forbidden actions: Murder, theft, adultery. Fiqh: is the study of Islamic law and its application to everyday life, based on the Qur'an, Hadith, consensus, and reasoning. “Jurisprudence” (worship, social conduct, and justice) 6 God -​ “There is no God but Allah” -​ All things come from Allah -​ Allah has no children, spouses, siblings, etc. Angels -​ Allah revealed himself to Muhammad and other prophets though Angels -​ Gabriel is the chief angel, Shaitan (Satan) is a fallen angel Messengers -​ Allah used messengers and prophets to reveal himself to humanity -​ Important Prophets – Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus -​ Seal of the Prophets – Muhammad (he is the last prophet, therefore everything has been revealed Sacred Books -​ The Qur’an is the message revealed from Allah through the angel Gabriel, word for word, to Muhammad -​ The Qur’an mentions the following as sacred texts: Psalms of David, Torah of Moses, Gospel of Jesus, Scroll of Abraham -​ Other important texts for Muslims include: The Hadith (what Muhammad said and did), and The Sunnah (Rules and regulations of Muslim life) Judgement Day  -​ There will be a judgment day at the end of time, ushered in by Jesus -​ The dead will rise up and be judged according to their actions on earth -​ No one will escape judgment The Hereafter -​ There is a place after this life – either Heaven or Hell (based upon your final judgment) Predestination -​ History is under Allah’s control and is unfolding as it should -​ Allah gives us free choice- we have the ability and the opportunity to choose the way of Allah -​ Not all Muslims follow this belief (it is not mandatory) Ramadan: -​ The 12th month of the Islamic calendar, when Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation. -​ Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, with meals at dawn and dusk. -​ The Night of Power, during the last ten nights, marks the first revelation. -​ Muslims aim to read the entire Qur'an during the month. -​ Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan Eid Al Fitr: -​ The first day of the tenth month, marking the end of Ramadan. -​ Family charity, prayers, and festive meals are common. -​ Gifts are exchanged, and new clothes are worn Eid Al Adah: Festival of sacrific -​ Commemorates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to Allah. -​ Muslims slaughter an animal and share it with family and the needy. -​ The feast lasts four days, aligned with the pilgrimage to Mecca Mawlid Al Nabi: -​ Commemorates the birth of Muhammad, although the exact date is unknown. -​ Some Muslims celebrate by reflecting on his life, while others don’t observe it, as Muhammad didn’t celebrate his own birthday Birth: -​ No special ceremony; the baby is considered Muslim. -​ The father whispers the adhan in the baby’s ear, and the baby’s hair is shaved, with the weight donated to charity Marraige: -​ Takes place in a mosque or home, with at least two witnesses. The groom gives a gift to the bride Death: -​ The Shahadah is said as the last words. The body is taken to a mosque or cemetery for prayers, with no grave markers Hagia Sophia: holds significant religious and cultural importance as a mosque. After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, it became a symbol of Islamic power and faith. It served as a prominent mosque for centuries, where Muslims prayed, gathered for important religious events, and celebrated Islamic traditions. Its conversion back into a mosque in 2020 reignited a deep sense of connection for many Muslims, as it represents a link to Islamic history and heritage Inside Mecca: -​ The Ka'aba represents the house of God and the spiritual center of Islam. -​ pilgrims come from various countries, including Indonesia, Pakistan, and India. -​ The city of Mecca takes about six months to prepare for the Hajj. -​ Only Muslims are allowed to enter Mecca. -​ Mecca is located in Saudi Arabia. -​ Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ismail (Ishmael) built the ka’aba Inside Mecca: Mecca is a holy city for Muslims, home to the Ka'aba, the Haram Mosque major pilgrimage site for millions of Muslims worldwide. It contains the Zamzam well, a sacred water source Ka'aba: cube-shaped building located at the center of the Haram Mosque in Mecca. It is considered the most sacred site in Islam and the symbolic house of God. Muslims face the Ka'aba during their daily prayers (Salat), and it is the focal point of the Hajj pilgrimage Tawaf: Circling of the Ka’aba Pilgrim: A pilgrim is a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons. Hajj pilgrim: refers to a Muslim who travels to Mecca to perform the Hajj, which is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every Muslim who is physically and financially able is required to perform Hajj at least once in their lifetime. 1. Creed (Shahadah) -​ The Shahadah translates to “the testimony.” -​ The Shahadah is the Muslim profession of faith: “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” -​ Muslims only believe in one God. No one and nothing should be worshipped but Allah. 2. Prayer (Salat) -​ Salat translates to “prayer.” -​ Muslims are required to pray 5 times a day. -​ Salat involves quiet verbal prayer and gestures. -​ On Fridays, Muslims attend mosque for prayer, they can pray anywhere as long as it’s clean 3. Charity (Zakat) -​ Zakat translates to mean “purify.” -​ The Zakat calls believers to give to those in need. -​ This is approximately 2.5 % of their income. 4. Fasting (Sawm) -​ Sawm translates to mean “fasting.” -​ Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan for 29 days. Ramadan is the month in which Muhammad received the divine message of Allah. 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj) -​ Hajj translates to mean “pilgrimage.” -​ Muslims are asked to make a pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca once in a lifetime. -​ It is filled with symbolic rituals that recall events from the time of Abraham and Muhammad. Muslims strive to live honest and holy lives and focus their minds on Allah during hajj. Wude “Making pure” -​ PrayerWorshipper announces his intention to worship Allah with a pure heart (niyyah)  -​ Hands are washed three times, Mouth is rinsed three times, Nostrils are washed three times. The face is then washed three times -​ Arms are washed as far as the elbows three times Top of the head, the ears and the back of the head are washed the feet are washed as far as the ankle three times -​ The shoes are left outside before entering the mosque to pray Rakah: prayer position Synagogue: The synagogue is the place of worship for Jews. also called shul The Holy Ark: -​ When the Jews received the Ten Commandments in the desert, they made an ark to place them in. This was called the Ark of the Covenant. -​ All synagogues have a special cupboard with a curtain over it, a Holy Ark, where the Torah scrolls are kept. The Bimah: The the stand Torah Scrolls are read from The Siddur:The jewish prayer book written in hebrew, written from back to front The Menorah:A seven branched candle stick -​ Note: For hanukkah there is an 8 branched candlestick with the Shamash in the middle Ner Tamid: Everlasting light that hangs over the ark Torah Scroll: -​ This is a record of the first five books of the old testament (Mitzvot) -​ It is written by hand with ink on parchment using special hebrew calligraphy The Role of Rabbi:A Rabbi is a trained scholar and community leader. (teacher) Siddur is a prayer book. menorah has 7 candlesticks whereas Chanukkiah has 9 candlesticks. tablets that contain 10 sayings or commandments given to Moses to share with the Jews. DEFINITIONS Mezuzah: A small case with a prayer scroll inside, placed on doorposts as a sign of faith. Kippah: A small cap worn by Jewish men as a sign of respect for God. Tallit: A prayer shawl with fringes worn during prayer. Tefillin: Two black boxes with Torah scrolls inside, worn on the arm and head during morning prayers. Brit Milah: A baby boy’s circumcision ceremony on his 8th day of life. Tzizit: The fringes or tassels worn on traditional orceremonial garments by Jewish males as reminders of the commandments tzitzit must be on every 4-cornered garment one wears. Shofar: “Call of Prayer” A ram’s horn blown as a celebration of God’s Creation and heralding the Messiah -​ However, these dates change from one year to the next according to the civil (non-Jewish) calendar. -​ The Jewish calendar is based on moon cycles whereas the civil calendar is based on sun cycles. -​ The months in the Jewish calendar are 29 or 30 days long. -​ Years are numbered from the time of Creation according to the traditional Jewish teachings. Rosh Hashanah -​ Refers to the Jewish New Year celebration. -​ declare God king again and pray for God’s protection and blessing.  -​ A shofar (ram’s horn) is blown to initiate the beginning of the new year. Yom Kippur -​ Means “Day of Atonement.” -​ Jews must atone for their sins by reconciling with God and those who they have sinned against. Sukkot -​ It commemorates the 40 year period when the Jews wandered the desert and built booths to protect themselves. Pesach (Passover) -​ Jews retell the Passover story and have a Seder meal. -​ Passover was an event that occurred more than 3000 years ago. -​ It commemorates the time in the Biblical period when God punished the Egyptians by killing their first-born children. Purim -​ Means “feast of lots.” Shavuot -​ Shavuot celebrates when the first fruits of the harvest were brought to the Temple. -​ It also commemorates when God gave the Torah (laws) to Jews. Hanukkah -​ It means “Festival of Lights.” -​ It is an 8 day celebration on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev (Nov.). -​ Jews recaptured the Temple and rededicated it to God. Jews found a menorah (candelabrum) that stayed lit for 8 days. This was surprising because there was only enough oil to keep it lit for 1 day. Shabbat (Sabbath) -​ This refers to the Sabbath. It is celebrated every week from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday. Bar/Bat Mitzvah -​ Bar mitzvah means “son of the commandment.” “Bar” son and “Bat” means daughter. -​ It is a coming of age ceremony that is celebrated at age 13 for Jewish boys and at age 12 for Jewish girls. Torah: is the central and most important text of Judaism. It consists of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. The Torah is believed to contain the laws, teachings, and history given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. Shema: is a central Jewish prayer that declares belief in one God, beginning with "Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one" (Deuteronomy 6:4). It is recited daily and emphasizes loving and obeying God wholeheartedly Talmud: is a central text of Jewish law and tradition, consisting of rabbinic discussions and interpretations of the Torah: Kashrut Permitted and Forbidden Animals: ​ Land animals: Only animals that chew cud and have split hooves are kosher. Pork isnt  ​ Seafood: Only fish with fins and scales are kosher. Shellfish and other non-fish aquatic creatures are not. ​ Birds: Certain birds, like chickens and ducks, are kosher, but birds of prey are not. Meat and Dairy Separation: ​ Meat and dairy must never be eaten together. They must also be prepared with separate utensils, pots, and dishes. Kosher Slaughter (Shechita): ​ Animals must be slaughtered by a trained individual in a humane manner, with a swift cut to the throat, allowing for proper drainage of blood. 1. Orthodox Judaism ​ Follows traditional Jewish laws and practices closely. ​ Believes the Torah and Jewish laws are from God and should not be changed. 2. Conservative Judaism ​ Tries to keep traditions but is open to modern changes. (mixed gender seating) ​ Believes Jewish law is important, but it can be adapted to modern life. 3. Reform Judaism ​ Focuses on personal choice in how to practice Judaism ( More liberal) ​ Men and women are equal in all parts of worship, and it’s more flexible with what is kosher. Halakah: Jewish laws Why were Jews targeted? 1.​ Lacking a homeland and living in scattered communities, Jews were always the outsiders. 2.​ Different religious customs and clothing styles made them seem strange, different and untrustworthy. 3.​ Blamed for the death of Christ. 4.​ Jews moved a lot and therefore did not have an opportunity to establish themselves in communities. 5.​ Jews were blamed for societal problems. 6.​ In the middle ages, Jews who lent money and charged interest were accused of being cheats and thieves. 7.​ As Jews became successful they were viewed with jealousy and suspicion. Monotheism: Both believe in one God, emphasizing the worship of a single, deity Sacred Texts: Both Judaism and Christianity share part of the Hebrew Bible. Abrahamic Tradition: Both religions trace their spiritual heritage to the patriarch Abraham, whom they regard as a key figure in their faiths. Importance of Prayer: Both Judaism and Christianity emphasize prayer as a central practice in their faith. They both have structured prayers, the Shema, Lord's Prayer. 5 Basic Elements 1.​ Origin Story -​ Most Religions start with a story about “The founder” -​ The founder is an individual who experiences God’s self revelation eg., Jesus or Mohamed One with or physically experiences the divine 2.​ Formation of Faith and Community -​ Shows the story of how a religion develops from it’s beginning through time -​ Passed down orally or through written scripture eg., What happened after the ressurection 3.​ Creed -​ Set of beliefs eg., Doctrine (beliefs taught by a Church) -​ Doctrines are based on and make sense of experience and myth “Test of Faith” 4.​ Code -​ Ethics teachings about righ and wrong eg., Ten Commandments Social Justice can be categorized with code 5.​ Cult -​ Originally used to describe people who cultivated the worship of certain Gods by performing rituals and maintaining temples. -​ Rituals - Formal, Worship - religous practice as individual or community -​ Shared experiences strengthen religions -​ Both Hierarchical and Organizational Structure Three Major Religions: Common Elements: 1.​ Belief in One God: All worship the same singular God (Yahweh, God, Allah). 2.​ Prophets: They share key prophets Abraham, Moses, and others, and all three acknowledge a divine message passed through human messengers. 3.​ Sacred Texts: Each has sacred scriptures (Torah, Bible, Qur'an) 4.​ Ethical Monotheism: Emphasize living according to moral and ethical rules derived from God. 5.​ Jerusalem: All three regard Jerusalem as a holy city. Golden and Platinum Rules: Golden Rule is a principle of treating others as you would want to be treated. It emphasizes empathy and mutual respect. Platinum Rule takes this a step further: "Treat others as they want to be treated." It focuses on understanding and respecting each person's unique needs and preferences, encouraging more personalized empathy and consideration in interactions. Trends in Religion in Canada: Christianity: Largest religious group in Canada, with Roman Catholics being the majority. Around 50% of Canadians identify as Christian. Islam: Fastest-growing religion in Canada, comprising about 5% of the population due to immigration. No Religion: Significant increase in those identifying as non-religious or secular, making up around 35% of the population. Other Religions: Smaller communities of Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jews, reflecting Canada’s multicultural makeup. Immigration Influence: Religious diversity has grown due to immigration from various parts of the world, particularly Asia and the Middle East. Ethnocentrism vs Relativism: Ethnocentrism: The belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to others. It often involves judging other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture, leading to a narrow or biased view of the world. Cultural Relativism: The belief that all cultures should be understood and respected in their own context, without judgment. It promotes the idea that cultural practices and values are relative to each society and should not be judged by outside standards. Interfaith Dialogue: Discussion BETWEEN Faiths: It involves open communication and exchange between individuals or groups from different religious traditions to promote understanding, respect, and cooperation. The goal is to build bridges, address common issues, and make a peaceful coexistence. Faith vs. Culture: FAITH is a deeply personal relationship individuals have in experiencing the sacred or divine. CULTURE is the collective ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular group. Different Beliefs: Atheism: Disbelief or lack of belief in any gods or deities. Agnosticism: The belief that the existence of God or the divine is unknown or unknowable. Cosmocentrism: A worldview that places the universe or nature at the center, often focusing on humanity's relationship with the cosmos. Animism: The worship of nature Gods Monism: The belief that God exists in all things Paganism: Worship of man made Gods (idols, statues or paintings) Pantheism: the doctrine that the universe conceived of as a whole is God Humanism: belief that focuses on the value and dignity of humans, promoting reason, ethics, and the pursuit of knowledge Pantheism: the beleif that everything is divine or of God Polytheism: The worship of many gods and goddesses Polytheistic gods are impersonal - they do not communicate with or interfere with our lives Monotheism: the worship of One Almighty God Jews, Christians, Muslims believe in a personal God, who loves and helps us This God communicates and gets involved in our lives, through covenants, miracles and revelations Thinkers: Individuals who engage deeply in the analysis, development, and dissemination of ideas, especially related to philosophy, politics, or science. Philosophers: Scholars who explore fundamental questions about existence, reality, knowledge, ethics, and meaning. They engage in critical thinking and reasoning about life's big questions Sociologists: Scholars who study human society, social behavior, institutions, and cultures. Reasons Why Rituals Are Important Cultural Identity: Rituals help preserve and express cultural or religious identity/ belonging Social: They bring people together, reinforcing social bonds and creating shared experiences Emotional Comfort: Rituals provide structure and familiarity, offering comfort during times of change, uncertainty, or loss (e.g., funerals, rites of passage). Meaning and Purpose: They give symbolic meaning to life’s events, helping people connect with deeper values, beliefs, or spiritual dimensions. Secular: strays away from faith Non-Secular: focuses on faith Doctorine: The set of principles that forms the basis of a religion is called a doctrine Deity: deity is a supernatural being or God that is worshipped in a religious context. Sect: A subgroup that breaks away from a larger religious tradition, often with distinct beliefs. Denomination: organized branch in a religion that shares core beliefs but has its own practices. FAITH is a deeply personal relationship individuals have in experiencing the sacred or the divine. CULTURE is the collective ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular group. Nostra Aetate: First words of declaration of relation with non-christian religions written in the second vatican council Leader: -​ Authentic Religion: Led by multiple respected figures (like priests or rabbis), with no single person in control. -​ Cults: Controlled by one powerful, charismatic leader who demands complete loyalty Rules: -​ Authentic Religion: Follows long-established, written rules or traditions found in sacred texts. -​ Cults: The leader creates and changes the rules to suit their own desires. Code of Conduct: -​ Authentic Religion: Encourages moral behavior that aligns with societal values, like kindness and honesty. -​ Cults: Imposes strict, often controlling rules to keep members isolated and dependent on the group. Belief System: -​ Authentic Religion: Based on age-old teachings about spirituality and ethics, with room for personal understanding. -​ Cults: Often built around the leader’s extreme or strange beliefs, with no tolerance for disagreement. Love: Show love for all beings, treat others with kindness, and care for yourself and your relationships. Respect: Honor others, their differences, and the earth. Treat all living things with dignity. Courage: Be brave in facing challenges and standing up for what is right, even when it’s difficult. Honesty: Be truthful, both to others and yourself. Live authentically and with integrity. Wisdom: Seek knowledge and understanding, learn from experience, and make wise choices. Humility: Be humble, acknowledge your limitations, and be open to learning from others. Truth: Always speak and act truthfully, with sincerity and respect for others' perspectives. Residential Schools​ Residential schools were government-sponsored institutions in Canada and the U.S. designed to assimilate Indigenous children into European culture. They operated from the late 1800s until the 1990s, forcibly separating children from their families, prohibiting their native languages, and attempting to erase Indigenous cultural practices. Passing Down Indigenous Traditions​ Indigenous traditions are passed down orally through storytelling, songs, ceremonies, and participation in community activities. Elders play a key role in preserving these traditions and guiding younger generations. Primal Religion​ Primal religions refer to spiritual beliefs practiced by Indigenous and tribal groups, focusing on a deep connection to nature, ancestors, and spirits. These religions often emphasize animism, where all natural elements have spiritual significance. Smudging​ Smudging is a cleansing ritual involving the burning of sacred plants like sage, cedar, or sweetgrass. It’s used to purify individuals, spaces, or objects and is central to many Indigenous spiritual practices. Sun Dance​ The Sun Dance is a sacred ritual practiced by various Plains Indigenous groups. It involves dancing, singing, fasting, and physical endurance to honor the Creator, the Earth, and the spirits. Hair Significance​ Hair holds deep spiritual significance for many Indigenous cultures, symbolizing strength, identity, and connection to ancestors. Cutting hair may represent mourning or a major life change. Spiritual Beliefs of Indigenous Groups​ Indigenous spiritual beliefs are diverse but often include a deep connection to the land, animals, and the elements. Many Indigenous cultures view life as a continuous cycle and emphasize balance, respect for all living beings, and the importance of community. Animism​ Animism is the belief that all elements of nature, including animals, plants, rocks, and natural forces, have spirits or life forces. It’s central to many Indigenous worldviews. Trickster​ The Trickster is a figure in many Indigenous cultures who is mischievous, unpredictable, and challenges norms. While often playful, the Trickster teaches valuable lessons through their actions. Shaman​ A Shaman is a spiritual healer and guide who communicates with the spirit world. Shamans are often seen as intermediaries between humans and spiritual beings, performing rituals, healing practices, and divination. Great Spirit​ The Great Spirit is a central deity or force in many Indigenous belief systems. It is often seen as the creator of all life and the guiding force of the universe. Five of the Earth​ The Five of the Earth are the elements or forces that sustain life: earth, air, fire, water, and spirit. These elements are often viewed as interconnected and sacred. Peacemaker​ The Peacemaker is a central figure in the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. They brought peace to warring tribes and established a system of governance based on cooperation, peace, and mutual respect. Truth and Reconciliation Commission​ The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a Canadian government initiative to document the history and legacy of residential schools. It aimed to provide a platform for survivors to share their stories and promote healing and reconciliation. Honorable Harvest (3 Guidelines)​ The Honorable Harvest is a set of principles guiding how Indigenous people gather resources from the Earth. The three main guidelines are: 1.​ Take only what you need. 2.​ Ask for permission and give thanks. 3.​ Leave something behind to ensure the resource will continue to grow Fundamentalism vs literalism: fundamentalism is a broader concept, often rooted in a set of principles or traditions, while literalism focuses specifically on interpreting texts literally, without considering other interpretations