Holistic Health Assessment PDF

1180: Holistic Health Assesment Week 1: Health assessment: -​ Collecting history -​ Physical assessment -​ Purpose of the assessment -​ Subjective questions -​ Determine what type of assessment to do Physical Assessment Four basic techniques used in physical assessment:...

1180: Holistic Health Assesment Week 1: Health assessment: -​ Collecting history -​ Physical assessment -​ Purpose of the assessment -​ Subjective questions -​ Determine what type of assessment to do Physical Assessment Four basic techniques used in physical assessment: 1. Inspection (always done first) 2. Palpation 3. Percussion – Advanced technique (not used as much, helps determine the density) 4. Auscultation (w/ stethoscope)  -> Week 2: Articulate module: Vital signs -​ Temperature -​ Afebrile: This means no fever is present. 'The client is afebrile.' -​ Pyrogen: A substance that produces fever when introduced to/present in the bloodstream. Bacteria often acts as a pyrogen when it invades the body causing infection. -​ Diaphoresis: sweating  -​ Antipyretic: a substance that combats fever and is usually a medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. -​ Pulse/respiration -​ Bradycardia: beLOW 60 bpm -​ Tachycardia: above 100 bpm -​ Arrythmia: An abnormal/irregular heart beat. -​ Pulse deficit: An abnormal difference in rate between the radial site and the apical site. -​ Asystole: Absent pulse due to no contraction of the heart. -​ Apnea: breathing/respiration (Periods of no breathing) -​ Excursion: Assessing excursion means placing hands on client's back to look for symmetrical expansion of the chest with breathing - Oxygen ​ - Oxygen saturation: The measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin molecules (on the red blood cell) that are fully bound with oxygen. Each hemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen molecules.  The normal range is somewhere between 92-100% with a preference of over 95% for most clients. (an oxygen saturation of greater than 95% is actually NOT preferred w/ as with clients with certain lung conditions like emphysema) BP:  ​ NORMAL PULSE RATE:​ In class: -​ Pulse: With each ventricular contraction of ~60 mL of blood (stroke volume) a pulse wave travels from the aorta through to the distal ends of the arteries -​ Most common site to measure your pulse – Radial Pulse (hard to find this pulse on children age 3 and below) ➔​ Blood pressure: how hard the heart working ◆​ The force exerted on the walls of an artery under pressure from the heart ◆​ top number/ Systolic: Diastolic: bottom number ◆​ Five factors contribute to BP: ​ 1.Cardiac output ​2.Peripheral vascular resistance ​3.Circulating blood volume ​4.Viscosity ​5.Elasticity of the vessel walls Concerning: ★​ Systolic : lower than 100- higher than 139 ★​ Diastolic: lower than 60- higher than 89 *If blood pressure known: go 5 mmHg above the known value and check Respirtory rate influencing factors: Week 3: What is pain? ➔​ Pain is a primary reason clients access healthcare in Canada ➔​ Sensory or emotional experience due to tissue damage ◆​ Domains of pain: ​Sensory: location of the pain ​Emotional: how it is affecting our mood ​Cognitive: coping strategies ​Social: Our response/reaction ➔​ Physiology of pain: ◆​ Gate control theory: ​Transduction: A noxious stimulus on a nociceptor causes the "gate" to open through  depolarization of the nerve (i.e. finger on a hot cup) ​Transmission: The noxious stimulus passes from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system up the afferent (nerves to brain) nerve pathways ​Perception: The pain stimulus passes up through and across the dorsal horn of the spine to the structures of the brain (limbic system and cerebral cortex). This is where the stimulus is identified as pain. ​Modulation: In the cerebral cortex, the stimulus is identified as pain and a response is created, once generated the response passes down the efferent pathways causing a response (removing finger from hot cup) Classifying pain: DURATION ★​ Acute: Results from actual or potential tissue damage (i.e. injury or surgery) ○​Has a purpose: to alert and protect the body from further harm ○​Shorter in duration: