Week 2 European Studies - A European History PDF

Week 2 European Studies A European History Daan Huberts Week 1 European Capital of Culture Week 2 A European History (Lecture) Week 3 Nationalism and statecraft (Lecture) Week 4 European cooperation pre WWII Week 5 European cooperation post WWII Week 6 EU i...

Week 2 European Studies A European History Daan Huberts Week 1 European Capital of Culture Week 2 A European History (Lecture) Week 3 Nationalism and statecraft (Lecture) Week 4 European cooperation pre WWII Week 5 European cooperation post WWII Week 6 EU institutions part I Week 7 EU institutions part II Week 8 European identity (TBA) #1 - 431 B.C. Europa Europa Ancient Europa Greece 3  Europa Europa 4  Features 1. Alphabet (Vowels) 2. History (Thucydides) 3. Philosophy (Plato, Aristoteles) 4. Democracy (Deliberative) 5. The name “Europe” (And Minos…) 6. (And we just had the Olympics, of course) 5 # 2 - 117 A.D. Roman Empire 6  What have the Romans ever… 7  Features 1. Engineering & Infrastructure 2. Organization & Legal reasoning 3. (Relative) peace: Pax Romana 4. The concept of Ceasar > Kaisar > Tsar 8  Limes 9  Mosa Trajectum 10  OLV square 11  #3 - 350 – 600 A.D. Christianity 12  Constantine the Great; † 337 A.D. Clovis I +/-500 A.D. Clovis > Lovis > Louis Chlodovech > Lodewijk > Ludwig 13  Features 1. The use of Latin, and skills in literacy 2. Preserving a sense of shared culture among very different kingdoms 3. Moral and Ethical foundations 4. In the face of scattered, diluted state power, the Church used its authority to establish itself in society 14  1054 Schisma 15  Summary 1-3 Without ancient Greek culture, Roman organization or Christian religion we could not think or discuss, - let alone study, - Europe as it is today. 16  #4 - 800–870 Carolingian Empire 17  Charlemagne Crowned by the Pope as Holy Roman Emperor, on Christmas 800 AD 18  800 – 870 Carolingian Empire 19  Features 1. HRE: Holy + Roman + Empire 2. Potential to unite kingdoms 3. AND: secessions, civil wars, infighting 4. Legacy: Ur-France and Ur-Germany (Low Countries, Italian City States) 20  #5 - 1648 Treaty of Westphalia 21  “Westphalia” 22  Features: 1. Ending of the 30th years war (of religion and succession) 2. States negotiated directly amongst each other as equals, not as Christian dynasties 3. Beginnings of international law 4. Religious tolerance 5. Westphalian “System” as the model for modern state sovereignty 23  #6 1789 – 1813 Revolution & Napoleon 24  #6 1789 - … The French Revolution 25  #6 … – 1813 The rise of Napoleon 26  Features 1. Radical break with the ancien régime 2. Modern ideas on society and statecraft 3. First democratic system in modern Europe 4. Rationalization of public administration 5. Professionalization of warfare and armies 27  # 7 - 1813–15 Congress of Vienna 28  #7 1813 – 1815 Congress of Vienna 29  Features 1. Restauration of conservative and liberal elites 2. Attempt multilateral diplomacy: congress system 3. From balance of power to Concert of Europe 4. Start of the long 19th century: age of imperialism, industrialization and new ideologies. 5. Ends with the outbreak of either the Crimean war (1853-1856) or the First World War (1914-1918) 30  Summary 4-7 From roughly 800 to 1815 states in Europe organized and governed themselves in relation to first the church, and later to each other and to their own civilian population 31  #8 19th century Industrial revolution 32  Industrial revolution (19th century) 33  The great acceleration 34 35  Features 1. Great acceleration of European societies 2. Urbanization (& population growth) 3. Capitalism (& financial markets) 4. Transport (& globalization) 5. Environmental impact 6. … and all the rest 36  #9 16th/19th century Enlightenment ideas 37  #9 16th/19th century Enlightenment ideas A selection of Enlightenment thinkers / WASP’s in America 38  Features 1. Individualism and (political) liberalism 2. Democracy, equality and ‘brotherhood’ 3. Nationalism and self-determination (…) 4. Science and rationalism 5. The idea of progress (societal, scientific, moral…) 39  #10 16th – 20th century Colonial empires 40  #10 16th – 20th century Colonial empires 41  Features 1. Access to resources and overseas markets 2. Change in demographics and migration patterns 3. Cultural and linguistic heritage (Fra, Esp, Eng) 4. Economic disparities (and later: development aid) 42  Summary 8 - 10 In the long nineteenth century European states reached – in relative peace - the height of their power through the Industrial Revolution, Enlightenment ideas and Colonial empires 43 1. Ancient Greece - 431 B.C. 2. The Roman Empire - 117 A.D. 3. Christianity - 350 – 600 A.D. 4. Charlemagne – 800 A.D. 5. Treaty of Westphalia – 1648 6. French revolution & Napoleon – 1789 to 1813 7. Congress of Vienna - 1815 8. Industrial revolution – 19th century 9. Enlightenment ideas – 16th - 19th century 10. Colonial empires – 16th - 20th century  Ancient Greece Roman Empire Christianity Engineering & Use of latin and a culture Alphabet Infrastructure of literacy Organization & Legal Shared culture among History reasoning diverse kingdoms A base similarity in Philosophy Peace: Pax Romana morals & ethics The idea of Empire Democracy New source of authority (Ceasar) “Europe” 45  Treaty of French Revolution Charlemagne Congress of Vienna Westphalia & Napoleon End of religious Ending the ancien Restauration of Holy Roman Empire wars régime conservative elites Potential to unite States negotiate as Modern ideas on Multilateral diplomacy kingdoms equals society & statecraft (Congress system) Secession, civil war, Start of First democratic Concert of Europe infighting International Law system in Europe Ur-France; Rationalization of Start of the long 19th Religious tolerance Ur-Germany government century Concept of state Professionalization sovereignty of warfare 46  Colonial Industrial revolution Enlightenment ideas empires Individualism and Access to resources and The great acceleration (political) liberalism markets (global trade) Urbanization & population Democracy, equality and Cultural and linguistic growth ‘brotherhood’ hertitage (Africa, America) Capitalism & financial Nationalism and self- Demographics and markets determination migration Economic disparities Transport & globalization Science and rationalism (& Development aid) Idea of Progress (societal, Environmental impacts scientific, moral…) 47  Next week 1. Do an online search on the differences between the concepts "country", "nation", "state" and "government". Nationalism & Statecraft 2. Find out why we generally order political ideologies on a scale from "left" to "right". Where does that come from? Homework: 48