Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory PDF

DOROTHEA OREM SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY  HISTORY AND BACKGROUND DOROTHEA OREM  Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914  Earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing education in 1939  Master of Science in Nursing in 1945  She received honorary Doctor of Science degree in 1976  Sh...

DOROTHEA OREM SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY  HISTORY AND BACKGROUND DOROTHEA OREM  Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914  Earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing education in 1939  Master of Science in Nursing in 1945  She received honorary Doctor of Science degree in 1976  She died in June 22, 2007 at the age of 92  PROFESSIONAL CAREER  Staff nurse  Private duty nurse  Nurse educator  Administrator  Nurse consultant  Curriculum subcommittee member at Catholic University  Published first book: “Nursing Concepts of Practice” in 1971, 1980 and finally in 1995  SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY The practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health and well-being. It is based upon the philosophy that all patients wish to care for themselves. They can recover more quickly and holistically if they are allowed to perform their own self-cares to the best of their ability. THREE COMPONENTS OF OREM’S GENERAL THEORY A.Theory of self-care B.Theory of self-care deficit C.Theory of nursing systems  A. THEORY OF SELF - CARE  This theory includes: 1. SELF- CARE - Activities that individuals perform independently to maintain life, health and well-being. - Ex. showering, eating, moving etc. 2. SELF-CARE AGENCY - The ability of individuals to practice self-care activities, which can be affected by their environment or health considerations - Ex. Age, developmental state, sociocultural orientation, available resources etc.  A. THEORY OF SELF - CARE 3. THERAPEUTIC SELF – CARE DEMAND - the actions performed for some duration in order to meet the specific deficits identified in the patient 4. SELF-CARE REQUISITES - Actions directed towards provision of self-care  THREE CATEGORIES OF SELF – CARE REQUISITES 1. UNIVERSAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES  Activities of Daily Living - Air - Prevention of Hazards - Food - Promotion of Normalcy - Elimination - Social interaction - Activity and Rest  THREE CATEGORIES OF SELF – CARE REQUISITES 2. DEVELOPMENTAL SELF-CARE REQUISITES - Associated with developmental processes, derived from a condition, or associated with an event - Ex. Adjusting to a new job Adjusting to body changes  THREE CATEGORIES OF SELF –CARE REQUISITES 3. HEALTH DEVIATION OF SELF-CARE REQUISITES - Required in conditions of illness, injury or disease a. Seeking medical assistance b. Awareness of disease conditions c. Carrying out prescribed measures. d. Modify activities e. Learning to live with the effects of disease condition THREE COMPONENTS OF OREM’S GENERAL THEORY B. THEORY OF SELF-CARE DEFICIT  Specific when nursing is needed because the person cannot carry out self-care  Orem identified 5 Methods of helping: 1. Acting for and doing for others 2. Guiding others 3. Supporting another 4. Providing an environment to promote patient’s ability 5. Teaching another THREE COMPONENTS OF OREM’S GENERAL THEORY C. THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEMS - Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse, the patient or both - 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF NURSING SYSTEMS: 1. Wholly compensatory system 2. Partially compensatory system 3. Supportive-educative system 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF NURSING SYSTEMS: 1.WHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM  The patient is dependent  The nurse is expected to accomplish all the patient’s self-care activities  Ex. Spinal Cord Injury (Paralysis), Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF NURSING SYSTEMS: 2. PARTIALLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM  Patient can meet some needs  Both the nurse and the patient engage in meeting self- care needs  Ex. Fracture on left lower leg with cast. Appendectomy 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF NURSING SYSTEMS: 3. SUPPORTIVE-EDUCATIVE SYSTEM  The patient can meet self-care requisites, but needs assistance with decision making, knowledge and skills to learn self-care Ex. First time pregnant mothers Diabetes Mellitus