National 5 Cell Biology PDF

National 5 Cell Biology Cell Structure and Function  Welcome to Mrs Gallen’s Biology class Charlotte Jemma Eilidh Karys Hannah Chiara Jessica Anusha Imogen Tahreen Eemaan Grace Rose Katie Anthony Lauren Poppy Nikki...

National 5 Cell Biology Cell Structure and Function  Welcome to Mrs Gallen’s Biology class Charlotte Jemma Eilidh Karys Hannah Chiara Jessica Anusha Imogen Tahreen Eemaan Grace Rose Katie Anthony Lauren Poppy Nikki Ellie Grace McK  What is a cell? A cell is the basic unit of life, from which larger structures such as tissues and organs are made.  Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, consist of just a single cell.  Multicellular organisms consists of many cells – humans are made from an estimated 50 trillion cells! Simple Cell Structure  Cell ULTRASTRUCTURE ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Cell ultrastructure looks at the finer details of the cell structure What do cells contain?  Cell Structures - Mitochondria MITOCHONDRIA are the structures in the cell where AEROBIC RESPIRATION takes place. The inner membrane is FOLDED to give a LARGE SURFACE AREA. Cell Structure - Ribosomes RIBOSOMES are the structures in the cytoplasm on which PROTEINS are Now watch the following video clip on cell assembled ultrastructure from AMINO http://www.twigonglow.com/films/what-is-a-c ell-1041/ ACIDS  Cell Structure - Plasmids PLASMIDS are tiny rings of genetic material (DNA) found in bacteria. They can be used in Genetic Engineering to transfer Genes. (You will learn more about this later.) BACTERIAL CELL Exploring animal cells Exploring plant cells Organelle Cells present in Function Cell wall Plant, fungal and Provide shape and support to the cell bacterial Mitochondria Animal, plant and fungal Site of aerobic respiration Chloroplasts Some plant cells Site of photosynthesis Cell membrane All cells Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells Cytoplasm All cells Site of chemical reactions Vacuole Plant and fungal Fluid filled sac containing water, sugars and salts Nucleus Animal, plant and fungal Controls cell activities and contains genetic information Ribosome All cells Site of protein synthesis Plasmids Bacterial Small circular DNA  Activity Two Using the information provided, match the organelle function and picture with its name Check with your teacher Label diagrams in your summary booklet  How big is a cell? Most plant and animal cells are between 0.025 µm and 60 µm in size – around half the diameter of a human hair – and too small to see without a microscope. The largest cell in the human body is the female egg cell, (ovum) at around 1,000 µm in diameter. The smallest human cell is the sperm cell – the head is around 5 µm long. How Big is a... ? Plant Cell Animal Cell Fungal Cell (yeast) Bacterial Cell  Activity Three Describe the similarities and differences between Plant and animal cells Plant and fungal cells (Hint! Mention the cell wall) Fungal and bacterial cells (Hint! Think of organelles)  Plant and Animal Cells Similarities Differences Nucleus Plant cells also Cell membrane have a – cell wall Cytoplasm – chloroplast Ribosome – vacuole Mitochondria  Plant and Fungal Cells Similarities Differences Nucleus The cell wall of a Cell membrane plant cell is made Cytoplasm of cellulose Ribosome Fungal cells do not Mitochondria have chloroplasts- cannot make their Cell wall own food Vacuole  Fungal and Bacterial Cells Similarities Differences Ribosome Cell walls are not made of cellulose but Cell membrane of different materials Cytoplasm Fungal cells have Cell wall mitochondria, nucleus and a vacuole Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus, contain extra DNA plasmids Animal or plant? Simple Cell Structure  Cell ULTRASTRUCTURE ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Cell ultrastructure looks at the finer details of the cell structure What do cells contain?  Cell Structures - Mitochondria MITOCHONDRIA are the structures in the cell where AEROBIC RESPIRATION takes place. The inner membrane is FOLDED to give a LARGE SURFACE AREA. Cell Structure - Ribosomes RIBOSOMES are the structures in the cytoplasm on which PROTEINS are Now watch the following video clip on cell assembled ultrastructure from AMINO http://www.twigonglow.com/films/what-is-a- cell-1041/ ACIDS  Cell Structure - Plasmids PLASMIDS are tiny rings of genetic material (DNA) found in bacteria. They can be used in Genetic Engineering to transfer Genes. (You will learn more about this later.) BACTERIAL CELL  Plant and Animal Cells Similarities Differences Nucleus Plant cells also Cell membrane have a – cell wall Cytoplasm – chloroplast Ribosome – vacuole Mitochondria  Plant and Fungal Cells Similarities Differences Nucleus The cell wall of a Cell membrane plant cell is made Cytoplasm of cellulose Ribosome Fungal cells do not Mitochondria have chloroplasts- cannot make their Cell wall own food Vacuole  Fungal and Bacterial Cells Similarities Differences Ribosome Cell walls are not made of cellulose but Cell membrane of different materials Cytoplasm Fungal cells have Cell wall mitochondria, nucleus and a vacuole Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus, contain extra DNA plasmids