10H2 - Part 3 PPT - First World War PDF

UNIT 1 / PART 4 The First World War 1914-1918  What Caused the First World War? There were many powerful European empires before the War and each one had colonies that they controlled. These empires all competed against each other for resources, markets, and colonies. If an empi...

UNIT 1 / PART 4 The First World War 1914-1918  What Caused the First World War? There were many powerful European empires before the War and each one had colonies that they controlled. These empires all competed against each other for resources, markets, and colonies. If an empire fought a war, their colonies had to support them. These empires made alliances and spent large sums on their armies and navy, which eventually led to a violent and deadly war. Map of the World in 1914 (year that the war started)  What Were the Main Alliances? Who Won the War? The French, British, and Russian empires fought together. We call this alliance the Triple Entente. Because Canada was a colony of Great Britain, it also joined this alliance. The Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires also joined together. We call this alliance the Central Powers. The United States only joined the War three years after it started (1917). After the United States joined the Triple Entente, it was clear that the Central Powers were going to lose the war eventually. In November 1918, the Central Powers surrendered. The Triple Entente won the War. Big Event During the War – Russian Revolution! (Not on Exam) Map of Europe After the War  Did Canada’s Government Pass War-Time Laws? Yes, they did. When the war began, Canada’s Prime- Minister (Robert Borden) passed a special law called the War Measures Act. What did the War Measures Act do? 1) Censorship Canada could now censor (block) stories from being published in newspapers. People did not have free speech as much as before. 2) Price and Wage Controls The government could set how much certain goods cost and how much workers should get paid. Before this was decided by companies. 3) Forced Production  Analyze the Document: What is the connection to the War Measures Act?  How Did the War Measures Act Impact Immigration? During the Laurier years (1896-1911), immigration to Canada had been at its height. After the war started however, Canada’s borders were mostly closed. 400,000 immigrants in 1913 fell to only 36,000 by 1915. The war also increased xenophobia in Canada. Many new arrivals (ex: Germans) lost their right to vote even though they were Canadian citizens. Some immigrants had to register their names with the government and others were forced to live in internment camps until the war was over.  Economic Change: Total War When countries change their economy to win a War, we call this total war. More jobs become available and factories run at full capacity to produce as many goods as possible for the government. Factories in Canada reoriented themselves to produce more guns, ammunition, food, crops (wheat), clothing, and other supplies. Canadians were asked to consume only what they needed (rations). How did Canada pay for the war? 1) War Bonds Regular Canadians were asked to lend money to the government and would get paid back after the war with some interest added.  What Was the Conscription Crisis? Conscription is when young men are forced to become soldiers in a war, whether they want to fight or not. Most English Canadians supported the War and were agreed with conscription. French Canadians did not feel as connected to Great Britain and did not want conscription in Canada. Canada did not have enough volunteers for the army anymore by 1917, so the federal government passed the Military Service Act and all unmarried men between 20 and 45 needed to join the army. Many French Canadians protested against the law. There were many draft riots in Montreal as a consequence. Robert Borden (Prime Minister of Canada During WWI)  What Was it Like to Be a Soldier? Most soldiers spent weeks, months, and years living in trenches. These were holes in the ground that filled with water, rats, and dead bodies. It was a very difficult time. Some important statistics: - Over 600,000 Canadians joined the expeditionary forces (army). - 417,000 of these soldiers went to Europe to fight. - 60,000 soldiers died. - 150,000 soldiers came home with injuries (blinded, missing limbs, etc.) and many would struggle to find work afterwards. These are big numbers for Canada when you consider Important Battle for Canadian Soldiers – Vimy Ridge (1917) During the First World War, the Canadian army won a decisive battle in Northern France called Vimy Ridge. In April 1917, after several days of fighting Germans, it was Canadian soldiers who finally managed to seize the ridge.  How did the War Open New Doors for Women? Many of the goals from first wave feminism were reached during and after WWI: 1) Job opportunities Because so many young men left for war in Europe, certain jobs became available to women for the first time (ex: heavy industry). During the war, the pressure to have more equality in society between men and women continued to grow. 2) Right to vote During the war’s last year (1918), Canada passed a law that allowed women to vote in federal elections if they were over 21 years old.  How did Canada Demobilize after the War? What does demobilization mean?  To bring society back to normal after a war has ended. After the war, soldiers had to restart their lives in Canada. Many women lost their new factory jobs when men returned. For injured soldiers, life after the war was challenging: - Mental health was not well understood, and many struggled with psychological issues from their trauma. - There were not many government supports for physically disabled people either (ex: blind,  Did Canada Gain More Autonomy After the War? Yes! Many historians believe that Canada only became a real country (not a colony) after the First World War ended (1918). Why?  Because Canada had played a large part during the War, it received more autonomy and independence from Great Britain. When the League of Nations began in 1919 (early version of the United Nations), Canada was accepted as a country rather than as a British colony. In 1931, Great Britain passed a law called the Statute of Westminster. What Did the Statue of Westminster Do?  It gave Canada almost complete autonomy. It did not need