Chem 104: Bonds PDF
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PATRICK L. HOLT
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Summary
This chemistry document, Chem 104: Bonds, covers topics such as covalent bonds, molecular geometry, hybrid orbitals, examples, and ozone. It contains questions related to these concepts and details methods for solving them.
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Chem 104: Bonds PATRICK L. HOLT, PH.D. Outline Welcome! Questions? Quiz Group Project 1 Review/Solutions Bonding Ozone Group Project 1 Below you will find select questions from Concept Summaries. Submit handwritten responses with brief explanations in PDF form. 1. Det...
Chem 104: Bonds PATRICK L. HOLT, PH.D. Outline Welcome! Questions? Quiz Group Project 1 Review/Solutions Bonding Ozone Group Project 1 Below you will find select questions from Concept Summaries. Submit handwritten responses with brief explanations in PDF form. 1. Determine the molecular geometries for each of the molecules/ions listed below. Include resonance structures. Name and draw the structure (include nonbonding electrons). Identify formal charges for each atom and specify bond angles. a. CO32- b. IF3 c. SF4 d. O3 2. The arrangement of atoms in the fulminate ion is CNO - (nitrogen is the central atom) while the arrangement of atoms is cyanate is NCO - (carbon is the central atom). One of these ions so unstable that it is use as an explosive in blasting caps. Use formal charges to determine which of these ions is explosive. Make sure you indicate which ion is explosive. 3. Determine whether the molecules listed below are polar or nonpolar. If polar, indicate the direction of the dipole moment vector. a. SF 4 b. IF3 c. O3 Discussion What is a covalent bond? How is it formed? Valence Bond Theory OrbitalOverlap with Paired (opposite spin) electrons Sigma (s) Bonds – Head-on Overlap Pi (p) bonds – Sideways overlap Sigma Bonds Orbital overlap and Hydrogen, H2 spin pairing in three diatomic molecules Hydrogen fluoride, HF Fluorine, F2 Hybrid Orbitals Ordinary Atomic Orbitals Unpaired Electrons Incorrect Bond Angles O H Water H The sp hybrid orbitals in gaseous BeCl2. atomic orbitals hybrid orbitals orbital box diagrams The sp hybrid orbitals in gaseous BeCl2(continued). Figure 11.3 The sp2 hybrid orbitals in BF3. Figure 11.4 The sp3 hybrid orbitals in CH4. Figure 11.5 The sp3 hybrid orbitals in NH3. Figure 11.5 continued The sp3 hybrid orbitals in H2O. Figure 11.6 The sp3d hybrid orbitals in PCl5. Figure 11.7 The sp3d2 hybrid orbitals in SF6. Ozone What’s the big deal?
