Muscles of the Forearm - PDF

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve Muscles of the Forearm Pronator Teres Medial epicondlye Middle of Pronation of forearm Median of humerus radius Flexion of the elbow n...

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve Muscles of the Forearm Pronator Teres Medial epicondlye Middle of Pronation of forearm Median of humerus radius Flexion of the elbow nerve Flexor Carpi Medial epicondlye 2 & 3rd Flexion and aDduction Median Ulnaris of humerus metacarpal of the wrist nerve Palmaris Medial epicondlye Flexor Flexion of the wrist Median Longus of humerus reticulum joint nerve Flexor Carpi Medial epicondlye Pisiform Flexion and aBduction Ulna nerve Radialis of humerus of the hand Flexor Medial epicondyle Palmar aspects Flexion of the digits at Median Digitorium of the humerus and of the middle the proximal nerve Superficialis the medial border of phalanges of interphalangeal joints the coronioid the digits process of the ulna Flexor ulna digits Flexion of the distal Medial and digitorium phalanges of the digits ulna nerve profundus at the distal interphalengal joints Flexor pollicus radius thumb Flexion of the thumb Medial nerve longus at the interphalegal joint Pronator ulna radius Pronation Medial nerve quadratus Brachioradialis Supracondylar Radial styliod Elbow flexion Radial ridge of the process Nerve humerus Extensor Carpi Supracondylar Base of second Radial extension and Radial nerve Radialis Longus ridge of the metacarpal aBduction humerus Extensor Carpi Medial epicondlye Base of second Radial extension and Radial nerve Radialis brevis metacarpal aBduction Extensor Lateral epicondyle Extensor hoods Extends the wrist and Radial nerve digitorium on the digits - posterior metacarpals of interosseous the digits nerve Extensor digiti Lateral epicondyle Extensor hood Extends the pinky Radial nerve minimi on the 5th digit - posterior interosseous nerve Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle Base of the 5th Extends and Radial nerve ulnaris metacarpal ADduction of the hand - posterior  at the wrist joint interosseous nerve Anecous Back of the Lateral Ulna aBduction of the ulna Radial nerve epicondyle during pronation of the forearm Supinator Lateral Epicondyle Posterior supination Radial nerve surface of the radius aBductor Interossie The lateral side aBduction Radial nerve pollicis longus membrane of the base of the 1st metacarpal (thumb) Extensor pollicis Brevis: Posterior Distal phalanx Extension of the Radial nerve longus & brevis surfac of the radius thumb Longus = fat, and interssoesous brevis = small membrane Longus: posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interessoeous membrane Extensor Indicis Posterior surface of Extenor hood Extension of the index Radial nerve the ulna and of the index finger at the interosseous finger interphalangeal and membrane metacarpophalangeal joints Muscles of the Upper Arm, chest and shoulder Biceps Brachii Long head: Radial Supination of the Musculocut supraglenoid tuberosity and forearm and flexes the aneous tubercle of the the fascia of arm at the elbow and nerve scapula the forearm shoulder Short head: coracoid process of the scapula Coracobrachilas Coracoid process of Medial side of Flexion of the arm at Musculocut the scapula the humeral the shoulder aneous shaft nerve brachialis Medial and lateral Ulnar Flexion at the elbow Musculocut surfaces of the tuberosity aneous humeral shaft nerve with contribution s from the radial nerve Triceps brachii Long: infra glenoid Olecranon of Extension of the arm Radial nerve tubercle of the the ulna at the elbow scapula Lateral: humerus  superiod to radial groove Medial: humerus inferior to radial groove Trapezius Skull and C7 - T12 Clavicle, Upper: elevate + Accessory spinous process acromion & rotate scapula during nerve spine of the arm aBduction scapular Middle: retract scapular Lower: pull scapula inferiorly Lattissimus Broad: t7-t12, iliac Intertubercular Extends, adducts and Thoracodors Dorsi crest groove of the medially rotates the al nerve humerus upper limb Levatator Transverse Medial border Elevates the scapula Dorsal Sacpulae processes of the of scapula scapular C1-C4 vertebrae nerve Rhomboid Spinous processes Medial border Retracts and rotates Dorsal Major of T2-T5 of scapula the scapula scapular nerve Rhomboid Spinous process of Medial border Retracts and rotates Dorsal Minor C7-T1 of scapula the scapular scapular nerve deltoid Lateral third of Deltoif Anterior: flexion and Axillary clavicle, the tuberosity on medial rotation nerve acomion and spine the humerus Posterior: extension of scaoula and lateral rotation Middle fibres: major aBductor of the arm Teres major Posterior surface of Medial lip and aDducts and extends Lower the inferior angle of intertubercular at the shoulder, subscapular scapula groove of the medially rotates the nerve humerus arm Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Greater aBduction of the upper Suprascapul of the scapula tubercle of the limb at the shoulder ar nerve humerus Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Greater Laterally rotates the Suprascapul of the scapula tubercle of the arm ar nerve humerus Subscapularis Subscupular fossa Lesser tubercle Medially rotates the Upper and of the scapula of the humerus arm lower subscpular never Teres minor Posterior surface of Greater Laterally roattes the Axially nerve the scapula tubercle of the arm humerus Pectoralis Major Clavicular head: Intertubercular Adducts and medially Lateral and anterior sufrace of sulucs of the rotates the upper limb medial the medial clavicle humerus and draws the pectoral Sternocostal head: scapular nerves anterior surface of aterioinferiorly the sternum Pectoralis minor 3rd-5th ribs Coracoid Stabilised the scapula Medial process of the pectoral scapula nerve Serratus Ribs 1 - 8 Costal surface Rotates the scapula, Long anterior of the medial protracts the scapula thoracic border of the nerve scapula subclavius 1st rib junction Inferior suface Anchors and Subclavian of the middle depresses the calvicle nerve third of the clavicle Muscles of the Hand Opponens Tubercle of the Lateral margin Opposes the thumb by Medial nerve Pollicis trapezium of 1st medially rotating and metacarpal flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium ABductor Tubercles of the Lateral side of Abducts the thumb medial pollicis brevis scaphoid and the proximal trapezium phalanx of the thumb Flexor pollicis Tubercle of the Base of the Flexes the medial brevis trapezium proximal metacapoplangeal phalanx of the joint of the thumb thumb Opponens digiti Hook of hamate Medial margin Rotates the ulanr minimi of metacarpal 5 metacapral of the pinky - opposition Abductor digiti Pisiform and tendon Base of the Abducts the little finger ulna minimi of the flexor carpi proximal ulnaris phalanx f the pinky Flexor digiti Hook of hamate Base of Flexes the ulna minimi brevis promimal metacarpophalengeal phalanx of joint of the little finger pinky Lumbericals From a tendon of Pass laterally Flexion at the MCP Index & the flexor digitorium and dorsally joint and extension at middle profundus around each the IP joints of each finger: finger into the digit median extensor hoods Ring & pinky: ulna Doral interossei Lateral and medial Extensor hood ABduction of the ulna surfaces of the and proximal digits, assists with metacarpal phalanx of flexion at MCP and each finger extensin at IP Palamar Lateral and medial Extensor hood ADduction of the ulna interossei surfaces of the and proximal digits, assists with metacarpal phalanx of flexion at MCP and same finger extensin at IP Palmaris Brevis Palomar Dermis of the Wrinkles the skin of ulna aponeurosis skin the hupothenar eminence, improves grip Adductor Metacarpal 3 and Proximal Adduction of the ulna pollicis the capitate, phalanx of the thumb adjcant areas of thumb metacarpal 2 & 3 THE LOWER BODY - the foot Extensor Calcaneous and Long extensor Extension of the Deep fibular digitorium inferior extensor tendons of toes lateral 4 toes nerve Brevis rentinaculum 2-4 Extensor Calcaneous and Base of the Extension of the great Deep fibular hallucus brevis inferior extensor proximal toe nerve retinaculum phalanx of the great toe Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi Quadratus plantae lumbrical Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei Muscles of the Hip Gluetus Medius ilium Greater Abduction and medial Superior trochanter of rotation of the hip joint gluteal nerve the femur Gluteus ilium Greater Abduction and medial Superior minimus trochanter of rotation of the hip gluteal the femur nerver Tensor fasciae Anterior aspect of Ilotibial tract Flexion, abduction and Superior latar the isliac crest and medial rotation of the gluteal nerve anterior superior hip iliac spine Gluteus Posterior ilium, Gluteal Extension and lateral Inferior maximus sacrum and soccyz tuberosity of rotation of the hip gluteal nerve the femur and iliotibal tract Biceps femoris Ischial tuberosity Head ot eh Flexion of the knee Tibial nerve (long head) tibula and extension of the hip Biceps femoris Line aspera of the Head of fibula Flexion of the knee Common (short head) femur joint fibula nerve semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Medial aspect Flexion of the knee Tibial nerve of the proximal and extension of the tibia hip jjoint semimembrano Ischial tuberosity Posterior Flexion of the knee Tibial nerve sus aspect of the and extension of the medial condyle hip of the tibia Adductor Iscial tiberosity Adductor Extension of hip Tibial magnus tuberclue of the Hammies & Inferior ramus of femus Adduction and flexion Orturator adductor parts the public & ischial of the hip joint ramus Line aspera of the femur sartorius Anterior superior Medial aspect Flexion, abduction, femoral iliac spine of the proximal lateral roation of hip, tibia flexion of the knee Rectus femoris Anterior inferior iliac Tibial tiberosity Extension of the knee femoral spine and superior and flexion of hip mergin of the acetabulum iliacus Iliac fossa of the Lesser Flexion of hip femoral ilium trochanter of the femur Psos major Transverse Lesser Flexion of hip Anterior rami processes and trochanter of of lambar bodies and lumbar femur nerves vertebrae Iliopsoas Iliacus and psoas Lesser Flexion of hip Femoral and tendon major trochanter of anterior rami femur of lumbar gracilis Inferior ramus of Medial aspect Adduction of the hip, Obturator the pubis of the proximal flexion of the knee never tibia Adductor longus Body of the pubis Middle third of Adduction and flexion Obturator the line aspera of hip nerve of the femur Adductor brevis Inferior ramus of Proximal part Adduction and flexion obturator the pubis of the line of hip aspera of the femur pectineous Superior ramus of Pectineal lline Adduction and flexion femoral the pubis of femur of hip Muscles of the knee & ankle Popliteus Lateral condyle of Posterior Flexion of knee, tibial the femur surface of the medial rotation of tibia tibia Vastus medialis Intertrochanteric Tibial tuberosity Extension of knee femoral line and line aspera of the femur Vastus Anterior and lateral Tibial tuberosity Extension of knee femoral intermedius surface of the femur Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter Tibial tuberosity Extension of knee femoral and line aspear of the femur Gastrocnemuis Medial: medial Cacaneous via Plantar flexion fo ankle tibial condyle of femur achilles tendon and flexion of knee Lateral: lateral condyle fo femur soleus Solead line of tibia Calcaneous via plantarflexion tibial and posterior achilles tendon surface of fibula plantaris Lateral Calcanous via Weak planatrflexion, tibial supracondylar line achielles assists in flexion of of femur tendon knee Tibialis Posterior surface of Navicular, Plantarflexion and tibial posterior the tibia, fibula and cuneforms and inversion interosssous bases of the mebrane 2-4 toes Flexor digitorum Posterior surface of Distal Flexion of toes and tibial longus the tibia phalanges of plantarflexion of ankle digits Flexor hallucis Posterior surface of Distal phalanx Flexion of big toe and tibialphas longus the fibular and of big toe platerflexion interosseous mebrane Tibialis anterior L;ateral condyle Media Dorsiflexion and Deep fibular and upper ⅔ of tibia cuneiform and inversion case of 1dst metatasral Peroneus Anterior surface of Base of 5th Dorsilexion and Deep fibular tertius tibula metatarsal eversion Extensor Lateral condyle of Middle and Dorsiflexion and Deep fibular digitorium tibia & anterior distal phalanx extension of the toes longus surface of fibula of digits Extensor Anterior surface of Dorsal surface Dorsiflexion and Deep fibular hallicus longus tibula and of the base of extension of big toe interossesous distal phalanx membrane of big toe Peroneus Head and upper ⅔ Base of 1st Eversion and Superficial Longus of the fibula metatarsal and plantarflexion fibiular medial cuneiform bone Personous Lower ⅔ of fibula Tuberosity of Eversion and plantar Superficial brevis 5th metatarsal flexion fibular Muscles of Mastication & Facial Muscles Maseter Zyogomatic arch Angle and Elevates and ramus of Trigeminal ramus of mandible nerve (cn mandible v3) Temporalis Temporal fossa Cornoid Elevates and retracts Trigeminal process of the the manible nerve (cn mandible v3) Lateral Lateral pterygoid Neck of the Protracts and Trigeminal pterygoid plate and greater mandible and depresses the manible nerve (cn wing of sphenoid articular disc of v3) TMJ Medial Medial pterygoid Angle of ramus Elevayes and Trigeminal pterygoid plate and tuberosity of the mandible protracts the manidble nerve (cn of the mixlla v3) Fronalis Galea aponeuroticA Skin of the Raosies eyebrows & Facial nerve eyebrows and wrinkle forehead (cn vii) forehead suprise Orbiculais oculi Medial orbinal Skin around Closes eyelids Facial nerve marhin eyelids Happiness, sadness, (cn vii)  affection Zygomaticus Zygomatic bone Corner of Elevates the corners Facial nerve major mouth of the mouth (cn vii) happiness/joy Zygomatic Zygomatic bone Upper lip Elevates the upper lip Facial nerve minor Happiness, delight (cn vii) Depressor mandible Corner or Depresses the corners Facial nerve anguli oris mouth of the mouth (cn vii) sadness/disappointed Levator labii Maxilla and Skin of the Elevaetes the upper Facial nerve superioris zygomatic bone upper lip lip (cn vii) disgust Orbiculais oris Maxilla and Skin around Closes and protrudes Facial nerve mandible the mouth lips (cn vii) Various emotions Muscles of the back and abdomen Erector Spinae: Spinous processes Spinout Extends and laterally Dorsal rami Spinalis of lower thoratic proceses of flexes the spine of spinal Longissimus and lumbar upper thoratic nerves Iliocostalis vertebrae vertebrae Transverse Transverse Extends and laterally Dorsal rami processes of processes of flexes the hip, rotates of spinal lumbar vertebrae thoratic and the head nerves cervical vertebrae, mastoid iliac crst and lower angles of ribs laterally flexes and Dorsal rami ribs and transverse extends the spine of spinal proceses of nerves vcervical vertebaeproces s of the skull Transversospin Transverse Spinour Extends and roates Dorsal rami alis: processes of processes of the spine of spinal Semispinalis cervical and thoratic cervical and nerves Mutlifidus vertebae thoratic vertebrae Rotatores Scarum and Spinour Stablises the spine, Dorsal rami transverse processes of extends and rorates of spinal processes of lubar, lumbarm the spine nerves thoratic and cervical thoratic, vertebrae cervical vertebrae Transverse Lamina of the Rotates the spine Dorsal rami processes of the verse of spinal vertebrae (transverse) nerves Rectus Public symphysis Xiphoid Flexes the trunk and Lower abdmonis and pubic crest process and compresses thoracic costal cartlages abdominal contents nerves of ribs 5-7 (t7-11) External oblique Extenral surfaces of Linea alba, flexes and rotates the Lower ribs 5-12 pubic tubercle, runk, compresses thoratic ansterior part abdominal contents nerves and of iliac crest subcostal nerves Internal oblique Thoracolumbar Linea alba and Flexes and rotates thr Lower facia, iliac crest, inferior borders rtruk, compresses thoratic inguinal ligament of ribs 10-12 abdominal contents nerves Transverse Thoracolumbar Linea alba and Compress abdominal Lower abdominis faicia, iliac crest, pubic crest contents thoratic costal cartilages of nerves rubs 7-12 name type Articulating ligaments movements nerve surfaces Upper Body Joints Acromioclavic Plane Lateral end of Acromioclavic Gliding Suprascapul ular Joint Synovial the clavicle ular movement ar and Acromion of Conoid All passive lateral the scapula Trapezoid movements pectoral (hyaline nerves from cartilage) the brachial plexius Sternoclaviula Saddle Sternal end of Sternoclaviula Elevation, Medial r Joint synovial the clavicle, r (posterior depression, supraclavicu manubrium of and anterior) protraction and lar nerve the sternum, Interclaviuclar retraction of the cartilage fo Costoslavicul shoulders the 1st rib ar Rotation of the (fibrocarilage) clavicle Glenohumeral Ball and Head of the Glenohumeral Extension: Axillary and joint socket, humerus and Coracohumer posterior deltoid, suprascapul synovial glenoid cavity al lats, teres major ar of the scapula Transerve Flexion: pec (hyaline humeral major, ant. cartilage) coracoacromi Deltoid, al coracobrachilais Abduction: supraspinatus -> middle fibres of deltoid -> scapula is roattes by  trapezius and serratus anterior Adduction: pec major, lats, teres major Internal rotation: subscapularis, pe major, lats, teres major, ant. Deltoid External rotation: infraspinatus, teres minor Circumduction Elbow joint Hinge Trochlear Radial Extension: Medial, synovial notch of the collateral triceps brachii musculocuta ulna and Ulna and anconeus neous, trochlear collateral Flexion: radial and notch of brachalis, ulna nerves humerus biceps brachii, Head of brachioradialis radius and capitulum of the humerus Radioulnar Pivot joints Head of Annular radial Pronation: joint - radius and pronator proximal radial notch of quadratus and ulna pronator teres Radioulnar Pivot joint Ulnar notch of Supination: joint - distal the radius and supinator and ulna head biceps brachii Wrist joint Condyloid Distal end of Palmar Flexion: FCU, Median, joint the radius and radiocapral FCR assistance radial, ulna the articular Dorsal from FDS disk with the radiocarpral Extension: proximal row Ulnar ECRL&B, of the capral collateral assistance from bones (minus Radial ED pisiform) collateral Adduction ECU, FCU Abduction: APL, FCR, ECRL&B Metacarpolph Condyloid Metacarpal Collateral Thumb: Posterior alngeal joint synovial head and MCP Flexion FPB&L interosseus base of Palmar Extension nerve, ulna proximal Deep EPB&L and median phalanx transverse Adduction: Add nerve (hyaline metacapral pollicis cartilage) Abduction: APL&B Axial rotatopm: flexor pollicis brevia and  abductor pollicis brevis DIGITS: Flexion: FDS, FDP, lumbricles, FDM Extension: ED, EI, EDM Adduction: palmar interossei muscles Abduction: dosral interossei muscles Proximal Hinge Head of Collateral Flexion: FDS Palmar Interphalange synovial proximal ligaments (secondary is digital al Joint phalanx and Accessory FDP) nerves the base of collateral Extension: ED, (medial and the middle ligament lumbricles and ulna) phalanx interossei muscles (assistance EI) Carpometaca Saddle, Metacarpal Collateral Flexion: FPL, Median, pral synovial, and adjacent ligaments, FPB ulna biaxia carpal (label plamar cmc, Extension: EPL, for each) dorsal cmc, EPB intermetacarp AbductionL al APL&B Adduction: AP Opposition: opponense pillicicis Knee Joint Hinge Femur and ACL, MCL, Flexion and Femoral, Synovial tibia & femur PCL, LCL & extension tibial and & patella patella common ligament peroneal nerve Ankle Joint Hinge, Tibia and Anterior Dorsiflexion: Tibial, deep synovial talus tabofibular, tibialis anterior, peroneal, Tibia and fibia calacenofibul EHL, EDL superficial Fibula and ar, posterior Plantarflexion: peroneal talus tabofibular, gastroscneius, deltoid soleus, plantaris, tib post, FHL, FDL Inversion: tib ant & post, FHL Eversion: peronous longus, brevis & tertius Hip Joint Ball and Femur and Iliofermoal, Flexion: Gluteal socket, pelvis ishicofermoal, iliospaosas, nerve,  synovial pubfermoal rectus femoris, orbaturour mutliaxial sartorius nerve, Extension: femoral gluetus nerve maximus, biceps femoris, semitendious, semimembrano us Abduction: gluetus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor faciate latae Adduction: adductor longus/brevis/m agnus, pectinous, gracilis Medial rotation: gluetus medius, gluetus minimis, tensor faciate latae Lateral roation: fluteus maximus, piriforms, orbaturor internus & externus, gemelli, sartoris The Cartilagious Adjacent Anterior & Flexion: rectus No nerve Intervertebral joint vertebrae posterior abdmonisis, supply disc longitudinal internal/external Ligamentum onliques flavum Extension: erector spinae lateral flexion: quadartus lumborum, internal/external oblliques Rotation: internal/external obliques, transverse abdominis