Engineering Contradictions in Radiation Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is the core concept of an Engineering Contradiction?

  • A contradiction in the design specifications of a system.
  • A situation where improving one aspect of a system inevitably weakens another aspect. (correct)
  • A flaw in the design of a system that needs to be addressed.
  • A conflict between two or more engineers working on a project.

In the provided example of radiation treatment, what is the 'Subject' in the Engineering Contradiction?

  • Radiation intensity
  • Tumor Shrinks
  • Radiation treatment (correct)
  • Surrounding tissue damage

Which of the following is NOT an inventive principle mentioned in the text as potentially relevant to addressing the Engineering Contradiction in radiation treatment?

  • Blessing in Disguise
  • Parameter Change
  • Self-Service (correct)
  • Segmentation

In the example of metal legs, what is the 'Object' of the Engineering Contradiction?

<p>The table (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Inventive Principles, as described in the text?

<p>To find innovative solutions to address Engineering Contradictions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following actions can be considered an 'Action 1' in the Engineering Contradiction matrix diagram?

<p>Using metal legs in a table (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Blessing in Disguise' refer to in the context of Engineering Contradictions?

<p>A positive side effect of an undesired outcome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary problem addressed in the 'SECURE PASSWORDS' example?

<p>The need for passwords to be both short and long for optimal security. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided example, the use of 'Low Radiation Intensity' might be considered a 'Blessing in Disguise' because:

<p>It minimizes the risk of side effects and complications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 'RADIATION TREATMENT' example, what is the 'Subject' of the Engineering Contradiction?

<p>The radiation intensity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental contradiction identified in the 'Radiation Treatment' example?

<p>The need for high radiation intensity to shrink the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential solution to the engineering contradiction in the 'SECURE PASSWORDS' example?

<p>Encouraging users to choose passwords based on common phrases or familiar words. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential 'Action 2' in the Engineering Contradiction matrix for the 'SECURE PASSWORDS' example?

<p>Educate users about password security best practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Object' of the Engineering Contradiction in the 'RADIATION TREATMENT' example?

<p>The tumor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about 'Engineering Contradictions' is TRUE?

<p>They arise when two desirable characteristics of a system or process conflict with each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of engineering contradictions, what does it mean to 'compromise'?

<p>To find a solution that partially addresses both characteristics, potentially sacrificing some of each. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the engineering contradiction present in the following scenario: A car needs to be lightweight for better fuel efficiency, but it also needs to be strong and sturdy to protect passengers in a crash.

<p>Fuel Efficiency vs. Durability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an example of an engineering contradiction as presented in the content?

<p>A large lift carrying heavier loads compromises speed and fuel efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of TRIZ, as applied to engineering contradictions?

<p>To identify and analyze contradictions in order to find creative solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand engineering contradictions in the design process?

<p>It allows engineers to better understand the limitations of their designs and identify potential trade-offs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories that influence the ease of manufacturing?

<p>Device Complexity and Ease of Manufacture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option represents a factor that might influence the weight of a stationary object?

<p>Loss of Information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors affect the adaptability or versatility of an object?

<p>Loss of Substance and Productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which category does the factor 'Ease of Repair' belong?

<p>Structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two factors influence the amount of energy used by a stationary object?

<p>Duration of Action of Stationary Object and Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'Loss of Time' affect an object?

<p>It limits the object's adaptability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences the accuracy of a measurement?

<p>The quality of the measuring tool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'Illumination Intensity' affect an object?

<p>It influences the object's temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of using the Contradiction Matrix when applying the Inventive Principles?

<p>To categorize and organize the 40 Inventive Principles for easier application. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the y-axis represent in the 39 x 39 Contradiction Matrix?

<p>System parameters that improve in the contradiction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the most appropriate Inventive Principle to address the issue of speed bumps damaging vehicles.

<p>Preliminary Action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid method for applying Inventive Principles?

<p>Selecting the most appropriate Inventive Principle based on a list provided in the Contradiction Matrix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Contradiction Matrix?

<p>It's a tool used for identifying and classifying System Parameters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statistic '1 in 5 motorists have had to pay for car damage after encountering speed bumps' highlight?

<p>The potential negative impact of speed bumps on vehicle safety and the cost associated with repairs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Inventive Principles?

<p>To provide a systematic approach for identifying and resolving contradictions in technical systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the Contradiction Matrix is NOT specifically mentioned in the content?

<p>Its application in addressing Engineering Contradictions in various industries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement "As one characteristic gets better another characteristic gets worse" describe?

<p>A common challenge in engineering design known as a contradiction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an engineering contradiction?

<p>Improving the efficiency of a machine by using a more powerful engine, but also increasing its cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach to addressing engineering contradictions?

<p>Compromising or making trade-offs to find a balance between conflicting characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the "Contradiction Matrix" in the context of engineering problem solving?

<p>It is a knowledge-based system that aids in identifying and resolving engineering contradictions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the excerpt of the Contradiction Matrix, which of the following pairs of parameters exhibits a potential contradiction?

<p>Mass of a movable object and Length of a movable object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the significance of the numbers in the Contradiction Matrix?

<p>The numbers indicate the potential presence of a contradiction between the corresponding parameters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the "Inventive Principles" mentioned in the text?

<p>To offer straightforward and accessible methods for resolving engineering contradictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the underlying message conveyed by the text?

<p>Engineering challenges can be effectively tackled by understanding and resolving design contradictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the primary advantage of using the Contradiction Matrix approach?

<p>It provides a structured and systematic approach to analyzing and resolving engineering contradictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between engineering contradictions and the Inventive Principles?

<p>Inventive Principles are a set of practical tools that can be used to resolve engineering contradictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best describes the relationship between engineering contradictions and compromise?

<p>Compromise is an inevitable part of engineering design and is often the most practical way to resolve contradictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Contradiction Matrix help in resolving engineering contradictions?

<p>It provides a structured framework for analyzing contradictions and identifying potential solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using the compromise approach to resolve engineering contradictions?

<p>Compromise can lead to solutions that are suboptimal for both conflicting characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of the statement "the application of the principles does not require any special knowledge" regarding the Inventive Principles?

<p>The Inventive Principles are based on simple and straightforward logic that anyone can understand and apply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a contradiction in engineering?

<p>It is directly addressed by focusing on one characteristic at the expense of the other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate way to describe the concept of "trade-off" as it's used in the text?

<p>A compromise where both conflicting characteristics are partially satisfied (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Engineering Contradiction

An improvement in one system characteristic leads to degradation in another.

System Parameters

Variables in a system that can affect its performance and characteristics.

Inventive Principles

Strategies or techniques used to solve contradictions in engineering design.

Contradiction Matrix

A tool used to identify inventive principles based on specific engineering contradictions.

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Examples of Contradictions

Specific instances where improving one feature worsens another, like weight vs. capacity.

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Positive Interaction

When enhancements in one component lead to beneficial outcomes in another component.

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Negative Interaction

When the improvement of one component causes harm or reduction in another component.

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Mechanical Vibration Principle

A principle where altering vibrations can lead to innovative designs.

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Parameter Change Principle

A solution principle focusing on altering variables to resolve contradictions.

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Segmentation Principle

Breaking a system into smaller parts to address a contradiction effectively.

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Isolate Affected Parts

A strategy to target specific areas affected by a contradiction to minimize impact.

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Ease of Repair

The simplicity and convenience of repairing a device or object.

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Adaptability or Versatility

The ability of an object to be used in various applications or situations.

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Device Complexity

The degree of difficulty in understanding and operating a device.

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Productivity

The efficiency and output of a system or process over time.

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Loss of Information

The reduction or absence of data that can affect performance or outcomes.

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Volume of Moving Object

The space occupied by an object while in motion.

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Temperature

The degree of hotness or coldness of an object or environment.

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Use of Energy by Moving Object

The amount of energy consumed by an object while it is in motion.

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Method 1 for Inventive Principles

Use the Contradiction Matrix to find recommended Inventive Principles for engineering contradictions.

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Method 2 for Inventive Principles

Understand all 40 Inventive Principles and apply them individually or in combinations to solve contradictions.

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Purpose of Contradiction Matrix

To formalize the application of Inventive Principles and solve engineering contradictions effectively.

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System Parameters in Matrix

39 parameters classified to describe which improve or worsen in contradictions.

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Improving Parameters

Parameters in a contradiction that enhance or benefit from design changes.

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Worsening Parameters

Parameters that deteriorate or suffer due to engineering changes.

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Speed Bumps Issue

Traffic calming measures cause vehicle damage, affecting 1 in 5 motorists.

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Repair Costs from Speed Bumps

Average repair cost of £144 due to speed bumps, leading to complaints and compensation claims.

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Trade-off

Balancing one characteristic against another in a system.

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System Characteristic

A specific feature or property of a system that can be improved.

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Compromise

An agreement to settle differences by making mutual concessions.

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System Improvement

Enhancing a specific attribute of a system.

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Deterioration

The process of becoming progressively worse or declining in quality.

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Heat Addition

Increasing heat to improve productivity while raising energy consumption.

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Larger Lift Capacity

Increasing the size of a lift allows for greater loads but adds weight.

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Engine Power Increase

Boosting a car’s power improves speed but increases fuel consumption.

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Engineering Conflict

The struggle between improving one system part while harming another.

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Contradiction Resolution

Methods used to solve conflicts arising from system characteristics.

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Inventive Problem Solving

A strategy to tackle challenges that arise from engineering contradictions.

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Contradiction Identification

Finding specific situations where one parameter affects another negatively.

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Parameters of Improvement

Variables that can be targeted for enhancement in a system.

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Energy Consumption

The amount of energy used by a system as characteristics change.

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Performance Balance

The equilibrium between various characteristics in a system's operation.

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Radiation Treatment

The use of high-energy radiation to shrink tumors while damaging surrounding tissues.

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High Radiation Intensity

A level of radiation powerful enough to effectively shrink tumors.

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Low Radiation Intensity

A level of radiation that minimizes damage to surrounding tissues.

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Surrounding Tissue Damage

Injury to healthy tissue resulting from high radiation levels used in treatment.

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Password Security Contradiction

The dilemma of needing short passwords for memory but long ones for security against hackers.

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User-Friendly Passwords

Passwords that are easy for users to remember, typically short.

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Secure Passwords

Long passwords that are less likely to be cracked by hackers.

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Study Notes

TMS1003 Systematic Innovation and Innovative Problem Solving

  • Course code: TMS1003
  • Semester: 1, 2022/2023
  • Learning Units topics:
    • Overview of Systematic Inventive Problem Solving
      • Introduction
      • Psychological Inertia & Systematic Innovation
      • History of TRIZ and its potentials
    • Problem Analysis Tools
      • Function Analysis
      • Cause-Effect Chain Analysis
      • Ideality
      • Trimming
    • Problem Solving Tools
      • Engineering Contradictions
      • Physical Contradictions
      • Substance Field model
    • Technology & Product Development
      • Industry 4.0 Landscape
      • Benchmarking
      • S-Curve Analysis
      • Trends of System Evolution
      • 9 Windows
      • Technology Forecasting
      • 40 Inventive Principles
      • IT Patent Strategy
      • Scientific Effects Database
      • Function Oriented Search
    • Inventive Problem Solving

Assessment Scheme

  • Individual Assignment: 20%
  • Group Project: 50%
  • Final Examination (Individual): 30%
  • Total: 100%

Engineering Contradictions

  • Definition: A situation where improving one system parameter leads to a deterioration in another parameter.
  • Representation: Positive and negative interaction between system components.
  • Example: Increasing table leg diameter improves carrying capacity but also increases weight.

TRIZ Tool: Engineering Contradiction

  • What is Engineering Contradiction
  • System Parameters
  • Inventive Principles
  • Using Contradiction Matrix
  • Inventive Principle Case Study

39 System Parameters

  • Includes various parameters affecting a system, such as weight, speed, area, volume, force, pressure, shape, stability, strength, duration, temperature, illumination, energy use, and more.

TRIZ: Observing the World Differently

  • The document encourages the identification of various factors which change when an incident occurs, such as inflation of a balloon.

How many things have changed?

  • Factors like time, energy, structure, substances, and information.

How many way are there to Invent?

  • List of factors, such as space, time, energy, structure, substance, and information that can be changed to develop innovative solutions.

Model of Solution - 40 Inventive Principles

  • The document describes a range of inventive principles.

What is a Parameter

  • Definition: A factor that defines a system and determines (or limits) its performance.
  • Characteristics: Typically describes system characteristics.
  • Example: Weight, speed, size.

Physical Contradictions

  • Examples of difficulties which exist in various situations, such as:
    • Number of staff
    • Size of iPads
    • Class size
    • Core equipment
    • Product design
    • Coffee temperature
    • Airbag deployment

Example of Physical Contradictions

  • Diving platform height and safety/injury.
  • Airplane engine size and power/runway impact

Resolving Physical Contradictions

  • Methods: Separation, Satisfaction, Bypass.
  • Ink flow in a pen, bicycle chain rigidity.

Example: Umbrella

  • Umbrella size and wind resistance, wetness prevention.

IF-THEN-BUT with Altshuller's Matrix

  • Format for analyzing problems

Engineering Contradiction (examples)

  • User using gloves in cold weather, but not being able to operate a smartphone
  • Smartphone requiring a battery charge, but the charge not always being available
  • Implantable microchips to improve various issues

Physical Contradiction

  • Log jam problem

  • Farmer's mush problem

  • Berries harvesting

  • Venom from frog

  • Speed bumps

  • Radiation treatment

  • Secure passwords

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