Maps: Types, Uses, and Cardinal Points - PDF

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Chapter Ten Maps Introduction When you were in Standard Four, you learnt about map symbols and how to draw a map of your school. You also learnt how to draw the four car...

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Chapter Ten Maps Introduction When you were in Standard Four, you learnt about map symbols and how to draw a map of your school. You also learnt how to draw the four cardinal points of the world. You likewise learnt how to tell the direction of an object LY in your environment using the four cardinal points. In this chapter, you will learn about the concept of map, types of maps, uses of maps and the eight N cardinal points of the world. You will also learn how to draw a map of your village, street or district. O The concept of a map SE A map is a representation of all or a part of the earth’s surface. It is drawn on a piece of paper, wood, cloth, wall or on the ground by using a specific scale. U All maps are drawn using a scale and all information on a map is interpreted by using a key. A map is very important as it can help in telling directions on the surface of the E earth. Masons, teachers, pilots, sailors, researchers, tourists, soldiers and N other different groups of people use maps in their activities. In the dynamic and interactive world, it is important to know how to use maps. Maps enable LI people to undertake their activities without asking any questions about the location or direction of places. N Types of maps O There are two types of maps, as described below: R (a) Topographical maps: These are maps which represent natural features like oceans, rivers, lakes and mountains. They also represent man- FO made features like roads, railway lines and buildings. 121 SOCIAL STUDIES STD 5.indd 121 30/07/2021 11:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY Activity 1 DO NOT DUPLICATE  Draw a map of your school in your exercise book which shows natural and man-made features. Submit the map to your subject teacher for marking. (b) Statistical maps: These are maps which represent the number of people or things found in a particular area. These maps show statistical LY information on, for example, the distribution of human settlements in a country, human activities, rainfall, temperature and air pressure. Uses of maps N There are different uses of maps. Some of them are listed below. O (a) Maps are used to show the location of things and places; (b) SE Maps are used by armies to determine the location of enemies and other important marks; (c) Maps are used by travellers, sailors and pilots to direct vehicles, ships U and airplanes; (d) Maps are used by land surveyors and town planners when preparing E town plans; N (e) Maps are used in describing the climatic conditions of different areas; and LI (f) Engineers use maps when constructing roads, houses and railways. N Exercise 1 Answer the following questions: O 1. What is a map? R 2. Mention two types of maps. FO 3. Mention three uses of maps. 4. Mention four categories of people who use maps in their daily tasks. 122 SOCIAL STUDIES STD 5.indd 122 30/07/2021 11:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY Essentials of a map DO NOT DUPLICATE A map should have the following: (a) A  title: The title of a map helps to show what the map is about. For example, the title of a map can be “Regions which grow major cash crops in Tanzania.” (b) Indication of the North direction: This is used to determine the direction of a place on a map. Normally, each map has an indicator of the North direction. In this case, the top side of the map is the North LY direction. (c) A  margin or frame: This shows the boundary of the area shown on a given map. N (d) A  key: This shows the interpretation of different symbols and signs O used on a map. The key to the map is also known as ‘legend’. (e) A  scale: The scale of a map shows the relationship between the SE distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground. It is used to reduce real distance on the land such that it fits onto the map. You cannot, for example, draw one kilometre on a piece of paper but you U can instead draw one centimetre on a piece of paper to represent one kilometre on the ground. By using the scale of a map, one can determine the real distance from one place to another on the ground. E N Activity 2 LI Study the map shown in Figure 1 and show the five essentials N of a map. O R FO 123 SOCIAL STUDIES STD 5.indd 123 30/07/2021 11:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE LY N O SE U E N LI Figure 1: Distribution of wards in Kongwa District Exercise 2 N Answer the following questions: O 1 Mention the five essentials of a map. R 2 Mention any three uses of maps that you know. FO 3 What are the functions of a key on a map? 4 Why do we use a scale on a map? 124 SOCIAL STUDIES STD 5.indd 124 30/07/2021 11:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE The eight cardinal points In Standard Four, you learnt about four cardinal points. From the four cardinal points we can derive four inter-cardinal points. If you draw a line between North and East, the direction will be North-East. In the same way, we get South-East if we draw a line halfway between South and East. Likewise, South-West is between South and West and North-West is the line drawn between North and West. This will make a total of eight cardinal points as shown in Figure 2. The cardinal points of the world are also known as cardinal directions. The direction of a place is automatically shown by an instrument LY known as a compass. NORTH N NORTH-EAST O NORTH-WEST WEST SE EAST U E SOUTH-WEST SOUTH-EAST N SOUTH LI Figure 2: Eight cardinal points of the world N Activity 3 O R  y using cardinal directions, describe the location of the areas B that border Kongwa District in Figure 1. FO 125 SOCIAL STUDIES STD 5.indd 125 30/07/2021 11:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY Exercise 3 DO NOT DUPLICATE Answer the following questions: 1. What do you understand by the scale of a map? 2. Explain the importance of the title of a map. Write True for a true statement and False for a false statement. 3. A map is the representation of the earth’s surface on a piece of paper. LY ___________ 4. Topographical maps show things on the surface of the earth. ___________ N 5. The compass direction of a map shows the location of mountains on O a map. ___________ 6. SE If you draw a line between North and East, you will get North West. ___________ 7. Maps are used by land surveyors when preparing town plans. U ___________ 8. South-West is between South and East. ___________ E Fill in the blanks. N 9. The physical features of an area are shown by ___________ map. LI 10. The compass always points ___________ direction. N 11. The symbols used on a map can be interpreted by using ___________. O 12. ___________ shows the distribution of population, rainfall and temperature over a given area. R FO Vocabulary Topography appearance of the land surface on the earth 126 SOCIAL STUDIES STD 5.indd 126 30/07/2021 11:49